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Topic: Thymidine monophosphate

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	Thymidine kinase - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Thymidine kinase TK, is an enzyme, a phosphotransferase (a kinase): 2'-deoxythymidine kinase, ATP-thymidine 5'-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.75.
		The thymidine kinase level in serum therefore serves as a measure of malignant proliferation, indirectly as a measure of the aggressivity of the tumour.
		The monophosphate of iododeoxyuridine is adsorbed on aluminium oxide that is suspended in the incubation medium.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Thymidine_kinase (2038 words)

	thymine - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		The accepted structure of the thymine molecule was published in 1900; this structure was confirmed when several investigators reported the synthesis of the compound during the period 1901 to 1910.
		Combined with the sugar deoxyribose in a glycosidic linkage, thymine forms a derivative called thymidine (a nucleoside), which in turn can be phosphorylated with from one to three phosphoric acid groups, yielding respectively the three nucleotides TMP (thymidine monophosphate), TDP (thymidine diphosphate), and TTP (thymidine triphosphate).
		Thymidine is significant because of its involvement in the biosynthesis of DNA and in the preservation and transfer of genetic information.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-thymine.html (362 words)

	HIV Report September 1997 - Product Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		AZT and thymidine are phosphorylated to the monophosphate form by thymidine kinase and then to the triphosphate form by thymidylate kinase.
		Conversion of AZT to the monophosphate form is highly efficient, but conversion of AZT monophosphate to the triphosphate form appears to occur with less than 1% of the efficiency of the conversion of thymidine monophosphate to thymidine triphosphate.
		The potential explanation offered by Lavie is that the 3' azido group of AZT monophosphate is substantially larger than the 3' OH moiety of thymidine monophosphate which forces a three dimensional change in structure.
	www.hopkins-aids.edu /publications/report/sep97_10.html (1088 words)

	Phosphorylation of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine and selective interaction of the 5'-triphosphate with human ...
		The level of azidothymidine monophosphate was high, whereas the levels of the di- and triphosphate were low (less than or equal to 5 microM and less than or equal to 2 microM, respectively).
		Cytosolic thymidine kinase (EC 2.7.1.21) was responsible for phosphorylation of azidothymidine to its monophosphate.
		Purified thymidine kinase catalyzed the phosphorylations of thymidine and azidothymidine with apparent Km values of 2.9 microM and 3.0 microM.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1987/feb/M8720116.html (631 words)

	Synthesis of a Photoaffinity Analog of 3`-Azidothymidine, 5-Azido-3`-azido-2`,3`-dideoxyuridine -- Mao et al. 270 (23): ...
		AZddU as a photoaffinity analog, the multifunctional HSV-1 thymidine kinase was used.
		This enzyme has been previously studied with azido-nucleotide photoprobes (6), and it is known to possess distinct thymidine kinase and thymidylate kinase activities (18).
		It has been previously reported that the thymidine and TMP sites overlap and are shared in HSV-1 TK with nucleosides having higher affinity than nucleotide monophosphates (18).
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/270/23/13660 (3835 words)

	Thymidine monophosphate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Thymidine monophosphate, also known as 5'-thymidylic acid and abbreviated TMP, is a nucleotide that is found in DNA.
		It is an ester of phosphoric acid with the nucleoside thymidine.
		TMP consists of the phosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase thymine.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Deoxythymidine_monophosphate (104 words)

	Sensitive Nonradiometric Method for Determining Thymidine Kinase 1 Activity -- Öhrvik et al. 50 (9): 1597 -- ...
		Nonstandard abbreviations: TK1 and TK2, thymidine kinase 1 and
		Cell cycle regulation of thymidine kinase: residues near the carboxyl terminus are essential for the specific degradation of the enzyme at mitosis.
		Thymidine kinase as a proliferative marker: clinical relevance in 1,692 primary breast cancer patients.
	www.clinchem.org /cgi/content/full/50/9/1597 (5625 words)

	5-METHYLURIDINE (RIBOSYLTHYMINE)
		Deoxyuridine Monophosphate (dUMP): a nucleotide, the 5'-phosphate of deoxyuridine; an intermediate in the synthesis of deoxythymidine triphosphate.
		Thymidine Monophosphate (TMP, Thymidylic acid): a nucleotide, the 5'-phosphate of thymidine.
		Thymidine Triphosphate (TTP): a nucleotide, the 5'-triphosphate of thymidine.
	www.chemicalland21.com /lifescience/phar/5-METHYLURIDINE.htm (985 words)

	Intracellular Metabolism of CycloSaligenyl 3'-Azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine Monophosphate, a Prodrug of ...
		Intracellular Metabolism of CycloSaligenyl 3'-Azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine Monophosphate, a Prodrug of 3'-Azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (Zidovudine)
		McGuigan C, Cahard D, Sheeka HM, De Clercq E and Balzarini J (1996b) Aryl phosphoramidate derivatives of d4T have improved anti-HIV efficacy in tissue culture and may act by the generation of a novel intracellular metabolite.
		Perno CF, Balestra E, Aquaro S, Panti S, Cenci A, Lazzarino G, Tavazzi B, Di Pierro D, Balzarini J and Caliò R (1996) The potent inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus and herpes simplex virus type 1 by 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (PMEA) in primary macrophages is determined by drug metabolism, nucleotide pools, and cytokines.
	molpharm.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/56/6/1354 (4576 words)

	Projects
		Therefore, activation by cellular kinases is required for their potency, a fact that in many cases limits the effectiveness of such drugs.
		Thymidylate kinase (E.C. 2.7.4.9; ATP:dTMP phosphotransferase) catalyzes the phosphorylation of thymidine monophosphate (dTMP) to thymidine diphosphate (dTDP) utilizing ATP as its preferred phosphoryl donor according to the scheme:
		TmpK, which catalyzes the second phosphorylation step, from the monophosphate (AZTMP) to the diphosphate (AZTDP), has been shown to be the rate limiting enzyme in the AZT activation pathway.
	www.uic.edu /labs/lavie/projects_top.htm (813 words)

	Thymidine Kinase-Independent Intracellular Delivery of Bioactive Nucleotides by Aryl Phosphate Derivatives of ...
		was measured by the conversion of radioactive thymidine to thymidine
		Thymidine kinase activities in extracts of lymphocytes (NALM-6), endocervical epithelial cells, and sperm.
		Thymidine kinase activity was determined by the ability of cytoplasmic extracts of cells to convert [
	www.biolreprod.org /cgi/content/full/64/1/51 (4518 words)

	Preclinical Evaluation of Locoregional Delivery of Radiolabeled Iododeoxyuridine and Thymidylate Synthase Inhibitor in ...
		and intracellular thymidine, is critical to the percentage of
		The use of halogenated thymidine analogs as clinical radiosensitizers: rationale, current status, and future prospects: non-hypoxic cell sensitizers.
		Effects of thymidylate synthase inhibition on thymidine kinase activity and nucleoside transporter expression.
	jnm.snmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/42/2/345 (3494 words)

	Streptococcus gordonii Strains Resistant to Fluorodeoxyuridine Contain Mutations in the Thymidine Kinase Gene and Are ...
		Streptococcus gordonii Strains Resistant to Fluorodeoxyuridine Contain Mutations in the Thymidine Kinase Gene and Are Deficient in Thymidine Kinase Activity -- Franke et al.
		and are deficient in thymidine kinase (TK) (9).
		presence of uridine (12.5 µg/ml) and thymidine (2 µg/ml).
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/full/44/3/787 (1458 words)

	Validation of FLT Uptake as a Measure of Thymidine Kinase-1 Activity in A549 Carcinoma Cells -- Rasey et al. 43 (9): ...
		Serum beta(2)-microglobulin and serum thymidine kinase are independent predictors of progression-free survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and immunocytoma.
		Thymidine kinase (TK) activity as a prognostic parameter of survival in lymphoma patients.
		Carboxy-terminal residues of mouse thymidine kinase are essential for rapid degradation in quiescent cells.
	jnm.snmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/43/9/1210 (5325 words)

	Medical Dictionary: Thymidine monophosphate - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Thymidine monophosphate : a nucleotide, the 5'\-phosphate of thymidine.
		The term Thymidine monophosphate can be used for:
		The description of Thymidine monophosphate may also be used for the following terms:
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/thymidine_monophosphate.htm (185 words)

	Efficient labeling of fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe with thymidine and BUdR -- Hodson et al. 31 (21): e134 -- ...
		Maiorano,D., Blom van Assendelft,G. and Kearsey,S.E. (1996) Fission yeast cdc21, a member of the MCM protein family, is required for onset of S phase and located in the nucleus throughout the cell cycle.
		McNeil,J.B. and Friesen,J.D. (1981) Expression of the Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
		Bisson,L. and Thorner,J. (1977) Thymidine 5'-monophosphate-requiring mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are deficient in thymidylate synthetase.
	nar.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/31/21/e134 (4105 words)

	THYMIDINE (PYRIMIDINE NUCLEOSIDE)
		Thymine is a pyrimidine base, occurring condensed with deoxyribose to form the nucleoside deoxythymidine in animal cells.
		When N1 is linked to the C1 of ribose, thymine forms a pyrimidine nucleoside called thymidines which are phosphorylated with from one to three phosphoric acid groups to form the three nucleotides; thymidine monophosphate(TMP), thymidine diphosphate(TDP), and thymidine triphosphate (TTP) respectively.
		Deoxythymidine Monophosphate (dTMP), a nucleotide, the 5'-phosphate of deoxythymidine.
	www.chemicalland21.com /lifescience/phar/THYMIDINE.htm (630 words)

	Expressing engineered thymidylate kinase variants in human cells to improve AZT phosphorylation and human ...
		Intracellular thymidine (b) and AZT (c) phosphorylation was measured in the human cell line P4CCR5 transiently transfected with a retroviral vector expressing wt or mutant human TMPK as indicated.
		Thymidine (a) and AZT (b) phosphorylation in human P4CCR5 transiently transfected with a pCi plasmid harbouring a wt or mutant human TMPK as indicated.
		Guettari, N., Loubière, L., Brisson, E. and Klatzmann, D. Use of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase to improve the antiviral activity of zidovudine.
	vir.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/86/3/757 (4535 words)

	Synthesis of a photoaffinity analog of 3'-azidothymidine, 5-azido-3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine. Interactions with ...
		Interactions with herpesvirus thymidine kinase and cellular enzymes.
		A partially purified herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase and [gamma-32P]ATP were used to make an AZT monophosphate analog, [32P]5-azido-3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine monophosphate.
		Photoaffinity labeling of this enzyme was saturable (half-maximal, 30 microM) and could be specifically inhibited by AZT, AZT monophosphate, thymidine, and thymidine monophosphate.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1995/sep/M9590599.html (463 words)

	CSIRO PUBLISHING - Marine & Freshwater Research
		For the fl abalone Haliotis discus, feeding was significantly (P < 0.05) increased by thymidine, adenosine-5´-monophosphate, adenosine- 5´-diphosphate (ADP), adenosine-5´-triphosphate, guanosine-5´-monophosphate (GMP), inosine-5- monophosphate (IMP) and 2´-deoxycytidine-5´-monophosphate.
		For the oriental weatherfish Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, feeding was significantly (P < 0.05) increased by thymidine, ADP, IMP and thymidine-5´-monophosphate (TMP).
		At one-tenth of the initial concentration, ADP, GMP and IMP were effective for the abalone and thymidine and TMP were effective for the weatherfish.
	www.publish.csiro.au /nid/126/paper/MF02066.htm (182 words)

	THYMIDINE TRIPHOSPHATE SYNTHESIS IN TETRAHYMENA: I. Studies on Thymidine Kinase -- Shoup et al. 31 (2): 295 -- The ...
		THYMIDINE TRIPHOSPHATE SYNTHESIS IN TETRAHYMENA: I. Studies on Thymidine Kinase -- Shoup et al.
		THYMIDINE TRIPHOSPHATE SYNTHESIS IN Studies on Thymidine Kinase
		in 30 min formed the basis for assays of thymidine kinase in
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/abstract/31/2/295 (193 words)

	General News of Sunday, 2 May 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Viral induced thymidine kinase catalyses the conversion of thymidine to thymidine monophosphate and diphosphate.
		These drugs are preferentially phosphorylated by HSV induced thymidine kinase and thus are activated mainly in virus infected cells.
		Other clinical isolates induce altered thymidine kinase that cannot be competitively inhibited by nucleoside analogs.
	www.ghanaweb.com /GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=57110 (8237 words)

	Understanding and Managing Methotrexate Nephrotoxicity -- Widemann and Adamson 11 (6): 694 -- The Oncologist
		This results in the depletion of reduced folates (FH), which are required for deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP) synthesis from deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP), and in accumulation of dihydrofolates (FH), which inhibit purine synthesis.
		The MTX rescue agent leucovorin restores the reduced folate pool after conversion to its active metabolite 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-CH Thymidine is directly converted to thymidine monophosphate by the enzyme thymidine kinase (TK), thereby circumventing blockade of the de novo pathway by MTX.
		Thymidine requirements for the rescue of patients treated with high-dose methotrexate.
	theoncologist.alphamedpress.org /cgi/content/full/11/6/694 (4243 words)

	Jean Umber - Why did HAART improve the prognosis of AIDS?
		In the present report, multiple products of this reaction were identified by the techniques of UV spectroscopy, phosphate analysis, coelution with authentic standards from reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography, two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry.
		Reardon document quoted above, is that the most plentiful reduced compound is the 3'-deoxy-2'-deoxy-2',3'-didehydrothymidine-didehydrothymidine 5'-monophosphate-monophosphate, which is the monophosphate of a well known “anti-AIDS medicine”: d4T.
		Indeed, if it was really about stopping this replication only the thymidine containing an azide in 3' would be capable of it.
	www.aras.ab.ca /articles/HAART-Nukes-AIDS-Umber/index.htm (2754 words)

	MNGIE with lack of skeletal muscle involvement and a novel TP splice site mutation -- Szigeti et al. 41 (2): 125 -- ...
		is an autosomal recessive multisystem disorder caused by thymidine
		MNGIE was diagnosed by markedly raised plasma thymidine
		Figure 1 Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) mutation and its consequences on protein structure.
	jmg.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/41/2/125 (2088 words)

	The Epstein-Barr Virus Thymidine Kinase Does Not Phosphorylate Ganciclovir or Acyclovir and Demonstrates a Narrow ...
		The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) thymidine kinase (TK) was expressed in mammalian 143B TK cells to investigate its substrate specificity.
		Cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding the Epstein-Barr virus thymidine kinase gene.
		Synthesis of thymidine kinase (TK) in Epstein-Barr virus-superinfected Raji TK-negative cells.
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/full/42/11/2923 (6720 words)

	Crystal Structure of Varicella Zoster Virus Thymidine Kinase -- Bird et al. 278 (27): 24680 -- Journal of Biological ...
		The mammalian thymidine kinase is part of the pyrimidine salvage
		not the result of the thymidine kinase (15).
		compound is attributable to the thymidine kinase (14).
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/278/27/24680 (5332 words)

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