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Topic: Thymoma

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	Thymoma \| aHealthyAdvantage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The symptoms in the remaining 60% of patients are caused by pressure from the enlarged thymus on the windpipe (trachea) or blood vessels, or by paraneoplastic syndromes.
		Thymoma is categorized into four stages (I, II, III, and IV), which may be further subdivided (A and B) based on the spread of cancerous tissue.
		Thymoma may be treated by surgically removing (resecting) the tumor and some of the nearby healthy tissue.
	www.ahealthyadvantage.com /topic/topic100587564 (1849 words)

	Diagnose-Me: Condition: Thymoma
		Thymomas are rare tumors of the thymus gland.
		This usually means that doctors have to rely on the behavior of the thymoma (whether it is invasive or non-invasive) to decide if it is cancerous, rather than using a biopsy as the only diagnostic.
		In other words, a thymoma that is non-invasive may be considered benign, whereas one that had invaded the surrounding tissue (or elsewhere) would be considered cancerous.
	www.diagnose-me.com /cond/C525288.html (1093 words)

	MIR Teaching file case mi012 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Thymomas originate from the thymic epithelium and are most common in the anterior mediastinum.
		Thymomas may be encapsulated and noninvasive, or they may demonstrate invasion into the surrounding tissues or metastasize locally, with the pleura and pericardium being the most frequent sites.
		Patients with thymomas are usually 40 to 60 years of age and may present with nonspecific symptoms related to the presence of an anterior mediastinal mass, such as cough, dyspnea, chest discomfort, and dysphagia.
	gamma.wustl.edu /mi012te163.html (767 words)

	eMedicine - Thymoma : Article by Quintessa Miller, MD
		The propensity of a thymoma to be malignant is determined by the invasiveness of the thymoma.
		Of patients with a thymoma, one third to one half are asymptomatic, and one third of patients present with local symptoms related to the tumor encroaching on surrounding structures.
		CT scan with intravenous contrast dye is preferred in order to show the relationship between the thymoma and surrounding vascular structures, to define the degree of its vascularity, and to guide the surgeon in removal of a large tumor, possibly involving other mediastinal structures (Image 3).
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic2752.htm (3301 words)

	Myasthenia Gravis: Associated disorders
		Myasthenia gravis: 30% of Thymomas; Nicotinic AChR antibodies (100%)
		Patients with MG and thymoma: Frequency = 95% to 100%
		Frequency in MG + thymoma: 80% to 90%
	www.neuro.wustl.edu /neuromuscular/mtime/mgthy.html (536 words)

	eMedicine - Thymoma : Article by Marion Johnson, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		An additional one third of patients with thymoma are diagnosed as the result of abnormality on a chest radiograph, such as mediastinal widening on PA views or retrosternal opacification on lateral views.
		Chest radiograph: One third of patients with thymoma are diagnosed as the result of abnormality on a chest radiograph, such as mediastinal widening on PA views or retrosternal opacification on lateral views.
		Type B thymomas are divided further on the basis of an increasing epithelial lymphocyte ratio and emergence of atypia of the neoplastic epithelial cell into 3 subtypes, respectively designated B1, B2, and B3.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic2246.htm (5052 words)

	Thymoma
		Forty-three cases of spindle cell thymoma (medullary, WHO type A) and 38 cases of mixed spindle/lymphocytic thymoma (WHO type AB) were studied for their clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics.
		Thymic carcinoma and thymoma are primary neoplasms of the anterior mediastinum that can involve the lung and pleura in advanced stages or, in rare instances, occur as primary pleural tumors.
		Expression of MT1-MMP and TIMP-2 correlated with that of MMP-2, indicating a proteolytic activation of the latter.
	www.thedoctorsdoctor.com /diseases/thymoma.htm (5729 words)

	Thymoma: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ]
		Thymoma is a thymic epithelial tumor in which the epithelial component exhibits no overt atypia, retaining histologic features specific to the normal thymus.[1] Immature nonneoplastic lymphocytes are present in variable numbers depending on the histologic type of thymoma.
		Histologic classification of thymoma is not sufficient to distinguish biologically benign thymomas from malignant thymomas.
		Evaluating the invasiveness of a thymoma involves the use of staging criteria that indicate the presence and degree of contiguous invasion, the presence of implants, and lymph node or distant metastases regardless of histologic type.
	www.peacehealth.org /kbase/nci/ncicdr0000062912.htm (4160 words)

	Thymoma
		Marino M, Muller-Hermelink HK: Thymoma and thymic carcinoma: relation of thymoma epithelial cells to the cortical and medullary differentiation of thymus.
		Surgical resection: Complete resection of a well-encapsulated, noninvasive thymoma is usually curative, with a risk of local recurrence of less than 2%.[1] In patients with myasthenia gravis, operative mortality can now be minimized with close attention to respiratory support when planning surgical treatment.
		However, radiation therapy should be considered in rare cases when a noninvasive thymoma is incompletely resected, and when the patient is a poor surgical risk.[1] References: 1.
	www.medhelp.org /lib/cancernet/101248.htm (2041 words)

	Ercan - Sternal Splitting Approaches to Thymectomy for Myasthenia Gravis and Resection of Thymoma
		Patients with non-metastatic thymoma or thymic carcinoma or with myasthenia gravis (with or without thymoma) are candidates for thymectomy.
		En-bloc resection of an invasive thymoma (left) together with the underlying pericardium,one of the phrenic nerves, lung, and innominate vein (right)(by permission of the Mayo Foundation).
		Surgical staging of a thymoma is crucial in determining the survival of the patients.
	www.ctsnet.org /doc/6417 (1725 words)

	Malignant thymoma
		Most malignant thymomas are slow-growing tumors with a tendency to recur locally, seldom metastasize hematogenously, and generally cause death from cardiorespiratory problems, not uncommonly from pericardial and/or pleural metastasis.
		Thymomas are epithelial tumors which may or may not be extensively infiltrated by lymphocytes.
		thymoma is usually curative, with a risk of local recurrence of less than 2%.[1] In patients with myasthenia gravis, operative mortality can now be minimized with close attention to respiratory support when planning surgical treatment.
	cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk /cancernet/101248.html (2086 words)

	Thymoma: Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI PDQ] -- General Information
		Thymomas are epithelial tumors of the thymus, which may or may not be extensively infiltrated by nonneoplastic lymphocytes.
		Invasive thymomas and thymic carcinomas are relatively rare tumors, together representing about 0.2% to 1.5% of all malignancies.[2] Thymic carcinomas are rare and have been reported to account for only 0.06% of all thymic neoplasms.[3] In general, thymomas are indolent tumors with a tendency toward local recurrence rather than metastasis.
		Most patients with thymoma or thymic carcinoma are aged 40 through 60 years.[6] The etiology of these tumors is not known.
	www.webmd.com /hw/cancer/ncicdr0000062912-general-information.asp (862 words)

	Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Thymoma and thymic carcinoma are diseases in which cancer (malignant) cells are found in the tissues of the thymus.
		The chance of recovery (prognosis) and choice of treatment depend on the stage of the cancer (whether it is just in the thymus or has spread to other places), the types of cells found in the cancer, and the patient's general state of health.
		Treatment of thymoma and thymic carcinoma depends on the stage of the disease, and the patient's age and overall condition.
	www.acor.org /cnet/62708.html (1493 words)

	Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma
		Thymoma and thymic carcinoma should be differentiated from a number of nonepithelial thymic neoplasms, including neuroendocrine tumors, germ cell tumors, lymphomas, stromal tumors, tumor-like lesions (such as true thymic hyperplasia), thymic cysts, metastatic tumors, and lung cancer.
		Thymoma has been associated with an increased risk for second malignancies, which appears to be unrelated to thymectomy, radiation therapy, or a clinical history of myasthenia gravis.
		Thymoma is a thymic epithelial tumor in which the epithelial component exhibits no overt atypia and retains histologic features specific to the normal thymus.
	www.meb.uni-bonn.de /cancer.gov/CDR0000062912.html (5676 words)

	Thymomas alter the T-cell subset composition in the blood: a potential mechanism for thymoma-associated autoimmune ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Thymomas alter the T-cell subset composition in the blood: a potential mechanism for thymoma-associated autoimmune disease -- Hoffacker et al.
		Thymomas are the only tumors that are proven to generate mature T cells from immature precursors.
		Thymomas are also unique among human neoplasms in their capacity to generate mature T cells.
	www.bloodjournal.org /cgi/content/full/96/12/3872 (5065 words)

	The Mysteries of Thymoma and MG (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Around 1 in 3 of all thymoma patients get MG; though this myasthenia is a nuisance to the patient, it is also a valuable early warning to the doctor to check for a thymoma, which otherwise might go unnoticed for years.
		The antibodies to IFN often increase strikingly in the unlucky patients whose thymoma spreads or recurs, and might be a useful early warning.
		Thymomas are like normal thymus gone crazy, and often generate a vast excess of T cells.
	www.mgauk.org /mganews/0101-05.htm (927 words)

	Thymoma and Myotonic Dystrophy: Successful Treatment With Chemotherapy and Radiation* : Case Report and Review of the ...
		8-cm anterior mediastinal mass (thymoma) encasing the superior vena cava and adherent to the aorta and pulmonary artery (arrow).
		PET scanning in thymoma has been shown to be a sensitive test.
		Canovas, A, Rodriguez Illera, E, Arzicun, A, et al (1981) Myotonic dystrophy and thymoma associated with myasthenic behavior on electromyography.
	www.chestjournal.org /cgi/content/full/121/6/2061 (1175 words)

	ThymomaVirtual Hospital: The International Thoracic Teaching Resource: Neoplastic Diseases: Thymoma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Thymomas are epithelial neoplasms of the thymus and are the most common primary neoplasms of the anterior superior mediastinum.
		Approximately one- third of thymomas are invasive and may grow into the surrounding mediastinal structures.
		Calcification is demonstrated in a minority of patients with thymoma.
	www.vh.org /adult/provider/radiology/ITTR/Thymoma/Thymoma.html (256 words)

	Thymoma: Update for the New Millenium -- Johnson et al. 6 (3): 239 -- The Oncologist
		Thymoma: a comparative study of clinical stages, histologic features, and survival in 200 cases.
		Thymoma and thymic carcinoma: relation of thymoma epithelial cells to the cortical and medullary differentiation of thymus.
		Thymoma: a multivariate analysis of factors predicting survival.
	theoncologist.alphamedpress.org /cgi/content/full/6/3/239 (3917 words)

	Thymoma, Type AB
		Thymoma is an epithelial neoplasm of the thymus and the most common anterior mediastinal mass in adults.
		On chest radiography, thymoma typically appears as a subtle contour abnormality in the anterior mediastinum.
		Invasive thymoma may cause pleural disease and is often characterized by an irregular interface between the mass and adjacent lung.
	brighamrad.harvard.edu /Cases/bwh/hcache/347/full.html (602 words)

	Malignant Thymoma
		Malignant thymoma is a disease in which cancer (malignant) cells are found in the tissues of the thymus.
		The most common disease in people with thymoma is one in which the muscles are weak, called myasthenia gravis.
		Treatment of malignant thymoma depends on the stage of the disease, and the patient's age and overall condition.
	www.clevelandclinic.org /health/health-info/docs/1400/1418.asp?index=6196 (840 words)

	Thymoma and Myasthenia Gravis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The myasthenia in thymoma patients involves many of the body muscles and not just those that move the eyes.
		Thymectomy is a vital part of the treatment plan because the extra disabilities in thymoma patients are mostly caused by the tumour, which should always be removed as soon as patients are fit enough.
		With one earlier clone, she is hoping soon to test a new 'magic bullet' treatment designed specifically to turn off these T cells without suppressing the whole immune system.
	www.mgauk.org /mganews/thymoma.htm (664 words)

	A Pathogenetic Role for the Thymoma in Myasthenia Gravis . Autosensitization of IL-4- producing T Cell Clones ...
		A Pathogenetic Role for the Thymoma in Myasthenia Gravis.
		One line initiated from thymoma TB against r3-181 responded significantly and was cloned after 2 wk.
		Vincent (1998) Epitopes expressed in myasthenia gravis (MG) thymomas are not recognized by patients' T cells or autoantibodies.
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/101/10/2268 (5053 words)

	Somatostatin Receptor Subtypes in Human Thymoma and Inhibition of Cell Proliferation by Octreotide in Vitro -- Ferone ...
		Somatostatin Receptor Subtypes in Human Thymoma and Inhibition of Cell Proliferation by Octreotide in Vitro -- Ferone et al.
		Briefly, the thymoma tissue was enzymatically dissociated with collagenase
		Neoplastic thymic epithelial cells were incubated in MEM and 10% FCS for 72 h in quadruplicate without or with 10 nmol/L of the drugs indicated.
	jcem.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/85/4/1719 (3580 words)

	Thymoma: Treatment - Patient Information [NCI PDQ] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Thymoma is usually a slow-growing tumor that does not spread beyond the thymus.
		People with thymoma often have other diseases of the immune system, most commonly myasthenia gravis, a disease in which the muscles become weak.
		Radiation treatment for thymoma or thymic carcinoma usually comes from a machine outside the body (external-beam radiation therapy).
	www.peacehealth.org /kbase/nci/ncicdr0000062708.htm (1547 words)

	indiacancer.org - Malignant Thymoma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Malignant Thymoma is a cancer arising from the thymus.
		The staging for malignant thymoma is as follows:
		Combination of chemotherapy and radiation (still experimental), if surgery is not feasible, or does not succeed in removing the tumor.
	www.indiacancer.org /coca/t/thymoma.html (1387 words)

	A Multidisciplinary Approach to Therapy for Unresectable Malignant Thymoma -- Shin et al. 129 (2): 100 -- Annals of ...
		Malignant thymoma is a rare mediastinal tumor [1].
		Treatment schema and outcome for patients with locally advanced unresectable thymoma (stage III or IVA).
		suggest that malignant thymoma is highly responsive to chemotherapy.
	www.annals.org /cgi/content/full/129/2/100 (2233 words)

	Thymoma of the Thymus
		•Benign thymomas are rare tumors and occur predominantly in older adults.
		•Microscopically, a benign thymoma is composed of epithelial cells that resemble medullary thymic epithelium and have a tendency to a spindling pattern.
		•There is relatively little clinical relevance to benign thymomas, many of which are discovered accidentally during cardiac surgery.
	pathweb.uchc.edu /eAtlas/HEM/446.htm (127 words)

	Thymoma, Malignant of the Thymus
		•Malignant thymoma, external appearance, shows a large tumor with variegated appearance typical of this lesion.
		•Fifty percent of patients with thymomas have myasthenia gravis.
		•Other auto-immune disorders are often associated with thymomas.
	pathweb.uchc.edu /eAtlas/HEM/953.htm (153 words)

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