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Topic: Thymus glands

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	XI. Splanchnology. 4c. The Thymus. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		The thymus is of a pinkish-gray color, soft, and lobulated on its surfaces.
		The thymus of a full-time fetus, exposed in situ.
		Watney has made the important observation that hemoglobin is found in the thymus, either in cysts or in cells situated near to, or forming part of, the concentric corpuscles.
	www.bartleby.com /107/274.html (991 words)

	CND: Thymic Protein A - Introduction
		Research centered on the theory that the thymus gland is central to proper immune function because it produces peptides in the epithelium that activate T-cells which in turn promote immunity.T-cells also regulate b-cells to produce antibodies for fighting infection, and further tell B-cells not to attack self tissue.
		But because the thymus gland plays such a pivotal and important role in generating and regulating immune response, and we are all subject to atrophy of the thymus due to aging, disease and radiation, chemicals, chronic disease or trauma, etc., a large portion of immune dysfunction and/or suppression is due to thymus deficiency.
		Extracts of thymus generally consist of whole thymus gland which is ground and dried or strained into liquid and administered in capsules or in sublingual drops.
	www.anapsid.org /cnd/drugs/beardsley1.html (2382 words)

	Thymus Gland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The thymus gland lies in the upper part of the mediastinum behind the sternum and extends upwards into the root of the neck.
		The maturation of the thymus and other lymphoid tissue is stimulated by thymosin, a hormone secreted by the epithelial cells that form the framework of the thymus gland.
		Involution of the gland begins in adolescence and, with increasing age the effectiveness of T- lymphocyte response to antigens declines.
	www.jdaross.mcmail.com /lymphatics6.htm (236 words)

	* Thymus - (Disease): Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The thymus gland is located behind the breastbone and is responsible for the maturation of T-cells to fight infections...
		The thymus gland and parathyroid glands are malformed and dysfunctional or missing altogether in a classic DiGeorge syndrome case...
		The thymus, a gland located in the chest just above the heart, is involved in immunity early in life and seems to play an important part in myasthenia gravis,...
	www.bestknows.com /disease/thymus.html (628 words)

	N101 \| Thymus Extracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Thymus extracts are extracts derived from the thymus glands usually of young calves (bovine).
		The effectiveness of Thymomodulin in these conditions may be the result of improved thymus gland activity, or it may be due to the presence of hormones or other biologically active substances in the extract.
		Thymus extracts (from bovine sources) are found in capsules and tablets as a dietary supplement.
	www.n101.com /Static/HNs/Supp/Thymus_Extracts.htm (1596 words)

	[No title]
		There were long-standing ideas concerning the thymus gland and sudden death; the availability of x-rays did not help to dismiss these long-standing worries, particularly in situations of stress, of which anesthesia and surgery were prime examples.
		The assessment of the size of the thymus gland was based upon an anteroposterior roentgenogram of the chest taken in expiration with the patient in the supine position.
		On the basis of these criteria, 1,131 children received thymus gland radiation in the 22-year period." Despite one use of the phrase "in infancy," the irradiated children were an average of 4.7 years of age at exposure.
	www.ratical.org /radiation/CNR/PBC/chp9.txt (3679 words)

	Bulletin - Immune struck (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		When Boyd or his colleagues sieved ground-up mouse thymus glands to extract their complement of white cells (T-cells), the stubborn, sticky residue had to be scrubbed off with hot water and detergent.
		At a conference on the thymus in Europe in 1989, Boyd was intrigued when Kendall told him aged male rats regrew their thymus glands after being castrated.
		So broad are the potential applications of thymus rejuvenation that Norwood Abbey, the small Melbourne-based biotechnology company that purchased the intellectual rights to Boyd’s discovery late last year, has decided on the advice of its patent lawyers not to publish his data in the medical research literature – at least not yet.
	bulletin.ninemsn.com.au /bulletin/eddesk.nsf/printing/19569032D7C569DDCA256ADC00036CA1 (2247 words)

	Society \| Living children's glands given to drug firms
		Alder Hey children's hospital in Liverpool said thymus glands removed from youngsters during complex heart operations were sent to the company for research purposes between 1991 and 1993.
		Parental consent was not sought for the removal of the thymus gland because it was a routine part of the procedure, Dr Caswell said.
		The thymus gland, a vital part of the immune system, is made up of two parts and lies in the upper area of the chest, close to the heart.
	society.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,4124423-103690,00.html (878 words)

	Tin
		Since the thymus is a key immune system gland, my suspicion is that tin may somehow be involved in autoimmune diseases such as thyroid diseases.
		Tin concentration in the thymus glands of rats and mice and its relation to the involution of the gland.
		The thymus glands from four mixed breed dogs were analyzed to determine the water content, chloroform extractable fraction and residue.
	www.ithyroid.com /tin.htm (3377 words)

	The Thymus Gland
		The T or 'thymus' cell lymphocytes are under the control of the thymus and are responsible for the recognition of foreign substances and for many of the ways in which the body attacks them.
		However, if the thymus gland is removed from an animal a few weeks to a few months after birth, very little harm is done to the immune system, because by that time enough seeding of the lymphoid tissue has occurred for the immune system to function throughout life.
		Even though the thymus gland is absolutely necessary for the early seeding of lymphoid tissue with lymphoblasts and plasmablasts, once this seeding process has occurred, one might expect that the lymphoblasts and plasmablasts could proliferate within the lymphoid tissue without further intervention from the thymus gland.
	www.becomehealthynow.com /ebookprint.php?id=961 (5237 words)

	Pituitary epithelial cell implants reverse the accumulation of CD4-CD8- lymphocytes in thymus glands of aged rats. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Pituitary epithelial cell implants reverse the accumulation of CD4-CD8- lymphocytes in thymus glands of aged rats.
		Eight weeks later, thymus glands and thymocyte subpopulations were compared to those in aged (24-month-old) and young (3-month-old) female Wistar Furth rats.
		Thymus glands from old rats contained greater than 50% more CD4-CD8- cells and a reduced percentage of CD4+CD8+ lymphocytes compared to those of young rats (P less than 0.05).
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_1572290.html (334 words)

	The Immune System / The Thymus Gland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		On autopsies it was noticed that young adults that had died in traumatic accidents often had much larger thymus glands than those dying from diseases of a chronic nature, and it was also believed that the thymus ceased to function after childhood.
		However, the standard teaching was that the thymus gland had no function at all in the adult, a delusion fostered by the fact that during autopsy the thymus was usually found to be quite small and atrophied.
		This is because the thymus gland, in response to acute stress such as an infection, can shrivel to half its size in twenty-four hours.
	www.v72.org /endocrine_thymus.htm (1107 words)

	Iridiagnosis: Chapter XXII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The secretions of the ductless glands are called internal secretions because they are not carried to the exterior by an open duct, but are poured directly into the blood or lymph.
		Occultists claim that all through life this gland is in active communication with the pituitary glands; that, in fact, the life impulses pass from the pineal gland into the pituitary bodies and from these and the nervous system, all through the organism.
		It is claimed that thymus extract prevents excessive accumulation of acids, particularly of the acid of phosphorus, which it neutralizes into unclean compounds.
	www.soilandhealth.org /02/0201hyglibcat/020128iridagnosis/Iridiagnosis/020128ch22.html (2785 words)

	Pituitary Gland \| Endocrine System \| Harmonization \| Tuning Fork \| Spiritual Vibration \| Thymus Gland \| Kundalini (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		After about fifteen seconds the pituitary gland hit an exceedingly high pitch that was immediately followed by an identical note held by the thymus gland.
		It was unmistakable that these glands were like high-voltage electricity transformers placed strategically along the pathway of kundalini's descending current, with each gland taking that electrical force and transmuting it into its own unique frequency -- or vibration -- and associated emotions and sensations.
		What may have been remarkable to me was that one gland held a note for 15-30 seconds, and immediately was followed by the second gland with a similar (though perhaps not identical) note for an additional 30 seconds.
	www.singingmountain.org /spiritual-tuning-fork.html (1281 words)

	Astrology, Nutrition, and Health ~ Chapter Eight ~ by Robert Carl Jansky
		The thymus gland is actually ruled by Neptune, which explains in part why it took so long for medicine to ascertain its true function, for Neptune obscures all it comes in contact with.
		The thymus gland secretes a hormone called thymosin, whose basic function is to alert the body’s defense mechanism to attack by foreign organisms.
		Children who have underactive thymus glands are particularly susceptible to bacterial and viral infections, to the point that some must receive injections of thymosin (also Neptune ruled), which is produced from beef thymus glands.
	lovestarz.com /jansky8.html (3284 words)

	CHAPTER 9, Thymus Irradiation to Reduce Sudden Death in Children, PREVENTING BREAST CANCER
		At autopsy the condition known as status lymphaticus was found; that is, there was an enlarged thymus and a hypertrophy of all the lymphoid structures of the alimentary canal, these structures being the solitary follicles --- Peyer's Patches and the mesenteric glands.
		There were long-standing ideas concerning the thymus gland and sudden death; the availability of x-rays did not help to dismiss these long-standing worries, particularly in situations of stress, of which anesthesia and surgery were prime examples.
		Whenever the width of the superior mediastinum was at least half the width of the heart the gland was characterized as `enlarged' or `suspicious,' and the child was given radiation treatment; if the gland was less than half the width of the heart the child was not given radiation.
	www.ratical.org /radiation/CNR/PBC/chp9.html (4912 words)

	Susceptible Periods during Embryogenesis of the Heart and Endocrine Glands
		The thymus and parathyroids are also derivatives of pharyngeal endoderm arising from outpocketings of endoderm known as the pharyngeal pouches (Figures 9, 10).
		The thyroid gland originates from endoderm in the floor of the pharynx and migrates in the midline to the larynx.
		The pituitary gland is derived from two sources: the posterior lobe arises from neuroepithelium of the diencephalon, the infundibulum; the anterior and intermediate lobes from an outpocketing of epithelium in the oral cavity (itself a derivative of neural ectoderm from the anterior neural ridge), called Rathke's pouch (43) (Figure 12).
	ehp.niehs.nih.gov /members/2000/suppl-3/555-561sadler/sadler-full.html (5504 words)

	Glandular Therapy, Immune System strengtheners, glands and organ extracts useful for immune system enhancement, thymus ...
		Orally administered calf thymus extracts have been found to be quite effective in restoring and enhancing immune function.
		Scientists believe that this is from an improved thymus gland activity, as a result of administering thymus extracts.
		Thymus extract has also been shown to normalize the ratio of T helper cells to suppressor cells, whether the ratio is low (as in AIDS or cancer) or high (as in allergies or rheumatoid arthritis).
	www.holisticonline.com /gland-immune-system.htm (543 words)

	Encyclopedia
		Prized by gourmets throughout the world, sweetbreads are the thymus glands of veal, young beef, lamb and pork.
		There are two glands--an elongated lobe in the throat and a larger, rounder gland near the heart.
		These glands are connected by a tube, which is often removed before sweetbreads are marketed.
	web.foodnetwork.com /food/web/encyclopedia/termdetail/0,7770,2255,00.html (256 words)

	The Role of Hoxa3 Gene in Parathyroid Gland Organogenesis of the Mouse -- Kameda et al. 52 (5): 641 -- Journal of ...
		migration of the thymus, the parathyroid rudiment contiguous
		At E 14.5, the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) and thyroid lobe (TL) are normally present, whereas the parathyroid and thymus glands are absent.
		glands was affected by the lack of the Hoxa3 gene.
	www.jhc.org /cgi/content/full/52/5/641 (3885 words)

	RTE News - Crumlin hospital confirms removal of thymus glands
		The hospital's chief executive, Paul Kavanagh, told RTE News that in general, the glands are given to the hospital's research centre.
		In a separate development, a hospital in the North of England, at the centre of an organ selling scandal has admitted selling glands from children who are still alive, for research.
		The Alder Hey Children's Hospital in Liverpool admitted it gave the samples of thymus glands from children who had undergone heart operations, to a pharmaceutical company in return for cash.
	www.rte.ie /news/2001/0126/organs.html (220 words)

	Organs removed here from living children (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Dublin hospital said that it was common procedure to remove the thymus gland from living babies during complex heart operations.
		Alder Hey Children's Hospital in Liverpool has confirmed that thymus glands were removed from children during operations without the consent of parents.
		This is because the gland is at its largest in size in babies and can make access to the heart difficult during a complex operation.
	www.irishhealth.com /?level=4&id=1525 (352 words)

	EMFs \| Electromagnetic Fields \| Electrical Sensitivity \| Signs Symptoms \| Kundalini \| Coughing Throbbing \| Asthma \| ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Between the mental aspirations for whole body enlightenment, an obvious return of spiritual functioning to the "engine" that is the pancreas gland, and the overall intensification of my emotional state, I was clearly on a path toward some profound illumination.
		It represents the defeat of the pituitary gland -- and the disruption of its psychic intuition of Spirit.
		In my thymus gland I have a persistent sense of irritation, like it is being invaded by itchy, crawling microbes.
	www.singingmountain.org /y2003jan22.html (5747 words)

	AEGiS-CATIE: IMMUNOMODULATORS: The thymus gland, zinc and HIV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		AEGiS-CATIE: IMMUNOMODULATORS: The thymus gland, zinc and HIV
		This situation may arise because their thymus glands come under attack both by HIV and the immune system.
		Under these conditions, zinc is removed from some parts of the body and sent to the liver, bone marrow and thymus gland.
	www.aegis.com /pubs/catie/1996/CATE6606.html (838 words)

	[Sucralose Toxicity Info Center]
		Pre-approval research showed that sucralose caused shrunken thymus glands (up to 40% shrinkage) and enlarged liver and kidneys.
		In order to estimate a potential safe dose in humans, one must divide the lowest dose in given to rodents that was seen to have any negative effects on their thymus glands, liver or kidneys by 100.
		The manufacturer claimed that the sucralose was unpleasant for the rodents to eat in large doses.
	www.laleva.cc /food/sucralose.html (1137 words)

	THE FORGOTTEN THYMUS GLAND
		Its branches supply the thymus and the pericardium in the mediastinum, the pectoral muscles, the mammary glands, and the skin of the anterior thorax.
		There is also a gland called the thymus, which lies at the top of the chest in front of the trachea.
		Their opposites, which activate the thymus, are benevolent love, faith, trust, courage, and gratitude.
	thymoma.de /thymoma/book.htm (9879 words)

	GNC - HealthNotes - Thymus Extracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The oral administration of Thymomodulin has been shown in preliminary and double-blind clinical trials to improve the symptoms and course of
		Thymomodulin given by injection has also been shown to be helpful in the treatment of diseases of the heart muscle (idiopathic myocarditis and idiopathic dilated
		It is not known whether oral thymus extracts can achieve these same benefits.
	www.gnc.com /health_notes/healthnotes.aspx?ContentID=2916001 (879 words)

	Expression of GCMB by Intrathymic Parathyroid Hormone-Secreting Adenomas Indicates Their Parathyroid Cell Origin -- ...
		of a subset of cells in the mouse thymus that coexpress the
		The identification of the mouse thymus as a source of PTH led
		Manley NR, Capecchi MR 1998 Hox group 3 paralogs regulate the development and migration of the thymus, thyroid and parathyroid glands.
	jcem.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/89/1/8 (2882 words)

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