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Topic: Thyrotoxicosis

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	Thyrotoxicosis Factitia
		Although factitious thyrotoxicosis involves all situations in which usage of (excessive doses) thyroid hormone leads to symptoms of thyrotoxicosis, the term "factitious" is usually associated with surreptitious ingestion of thyroid hormone in supraphysiological doses.
		Treatment of thyrotoxicosis factitia is not difficult with regard to thyrotoxic symptoms, as discontinuation of thyroid hormone ingestion is usually sufficient.
		Thyrotoxicosis induced by excessive thyroid hormone intake, not based on deliberate choice of the patient, has been observed in the "hamburger thyrotoxicosis" patients.
	www.thyroidmanager.org /Chapter13/Ch-13-3.htm (679 words)

	Iodine Induced Thyrotoxicosis
		The earliest report on thyrotoxicosis induced by administration of iodine is probably that of JF Coindet in the Ann Chim Phys (Paris) (16;252,1821), cited by Orgiazzi and Mornex (81).
		Later it was recognized that there was a pre-epidemic increase in incidence of thyrotoxicosis caused by the use of iodofor disinfectants on dairy farms (85).
		It was argued that this increase in thyrotoxicosis starting from 1964 in this area of relative iodine deficiency with a high prevalence of goiter was due to autonomy in the nodular goiters.
	www.thyroidmanager.org /Chapter13/Ch-13-5.htm (1528 words)

	Merck KGaA - TI 4-1997 p26 Thyrotoxicosis - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Sub-clinical thyrotoxicosis, defined on the basis of low serum TSH in the presence of normal T4 and T3 and the absence of any history of Non-Thyroidal Illness or other disease, has a prevalence of between 1% and 6%, partly depending on the sensitivity of the TSH assay used and the cut-off points selected.
		Thyrotoxicosis due to toxic nodular goitre or autonomous adenoma tends to occur more commonly in the elderly, whereas Graves' disease tends to occur between 20 and 50 years, although it can occur at any age.
		The estimated probability of developing thyrotoxicosis in women at a particular time, which is defined as the hazard rate, was calculated as an average of 1/1000/year in women between the age of 35-60 years.
	www.merck.de /servlet/PB/menu/1269570/index.html (291 words)

	Thyrotoxicosis
		Thyrotoxicosis or hyperthyroidism is the clinical syndrome caused by an excess of circulating free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine, or both.
		When thyrotoxicosis is suspected, the diagnosis should be confirmed by measurement of thyroid stimulating hormone and free thyroxine in the serum, which are usually present in low and high concentrations respectively.
		In Graves' disease there is an increased uptake of technetium 99m by the thyroid uniformly, whereas with a toxic nodular goitre, the uptake may be patchy and irregular (toxic multinodular goitre), or confined to the area of the nodule, with the uptake over the remainder of the thyroid being suppressed (solitary toxic adenoma).
	student.bmj.com /back_issues/0300/education/62.html (2255 words)

	Thyrotoxicosis
		Thyrotoxicosis is a metabolic imbalance that results from thyroid hormone overproduction or thyroid hormone over-release from the gland.
		Thyrotoxicosis may also be caused by the production of autoantibodies (thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin and thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH]binding inhibitory immunoglobulin), possibly because of a defect in suppressor- T-lymphocyte function that allows the formation of autoantibodies.
		The diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis usually is straightforward and depends on a careful clinical history and physical examination, a high index of suspicion, and routine hormone determinations.
	www.health-care-clinic.org /diseases/thyrotoxicosis.html (593 words)

	s020703f - Seizures in Hyperthyroidism
		A 30-year-old man with thyrotoxicosis and strongly positive thyroid antibodies presented with generalised seizures preceded by an encephalopathic illness of a few days duration.
		Abstract: A 58-year-old female was admitted and discovered to be a victim of thyrotoxicosis.
		We therefore suggest, that the seizure attacks may be related to thyrotoxicosis.
	www.emory.edu /WHSCL/grady/amreport/litsrch02/s020703f.html (1262 words)

	sBMJ \| Thyrotoxicosis
		Thyrotoxicosis or hyperthyroidism is the clinical syndrome caused by an excess of circulating free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine, or both.
		When thyrotoxicosis is suspected, the diagnosis should be confirmed by measurement of thyroid stimulating hormone and free thyroxine in the serum, which are usually present in low and high concentrations respectively.
		In Graves' disease there is an increased uptake of technetium 99m by the thyroid uniformly, whereas with a toxic nodular goitre, the uptake may be patchy and irregular (toxic multinodular goitre), or confined to the area of the nodule, with the uptake over the remainder of the thyroid being suppressed (solitary toxic adenoma).
	www.studentbmj.com /issues/00/03/education/62.php (2233 words)

	Hyperthyroid Disorders - Signs and Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism - free Suite101 course
		Thyrotoxicosis refers to the clinical, physiologic and biochemical syndromes that result when the body’s tissues are exposed to high levels of thyroid hormone.
		Thyrotoxicosis occurs in people with hyperthyroidism and in people with thyroiditis when inflamed cells release thyroid hormone into the blood circulation.
		However, because the symptoms of thyrotoxicosis occur in people who are hyperthyroid, the term thyrotoxicosis is often used as if it is the same as hyperthyroidism.
	www.suite101.com /lesson.cfm/19330/2898/2 (657 words)

	NEJM -- An outbreak of thyrotoxicosis caused by the consumption of bovine thyroid gland in ground beef
		We report an outbreak of thyrotoxicosis without true hyperthyroidism that occurred between April 1984 and August 1985 among residents of southwestern Minnesota and adjacent areas of South Dakota and Iowa.
		Investigation of the outbreak demonstrated an association between the occurrence of thyrotoxicosis and the consumption of ground beef prepared from neck trimmings processed by a single slaughtering plant (odds ratio, 19.0; P = 0.0001).
		The cause was confirmed by the findings of bovine thyroid tissue in samples of these trimmings and high concentrations of thyroid hormone in implicated samples of ground beef and the demonstration of prompt increases in serum thyroid hormone concentrations in volunteers who ate the implicated ground beef.
	content.nejm.org /cgi/content/short/316/16/993?query=nextarrow (421 words)

	eMedicine - Thyrotoxicosis : Article Excerpt by: John L Floyd, MD, FACR
		Although many patients have thyrotoxicosis caused by hyperthyroidism, other patients may have thyrotoxicosis caused by inflammation of the thyroid gland, which causes release of stored thyroid hormone but not accelerated synthesis, or thyrotoxicosis, which is caused by ingestion of exogenous thyroid hormone.
		Differentiating between thyrotoxicosis caused by hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis not caused by hyperthyroidism is important because disease management and therapy differ for each form.
		In thyrotoxicosis, the high blood levels of T3 and/or T4 inhibit the hypothalamic-pituitary release of thyrotropin; therefore, serum levels of thyrotropin are markedly reduced or undetectable.
	www.emedicine.com /radio/byname/thyrotoxicosis.htm (560 words)

	Medinfo: Thyrotoxicosis
		Thyrotoxicosis (hyperthyroidism, Graves' disease) is a condition in which the thyroid gland produces excess thyroid hormone (thyroxine) which results in effects on the whole body.
		In thyrotoxicosis the level of thyroid hormone is elevated, and the hormone (thyroid stimulating hormone, TSH) that is produced by a gland hanging from the underside of the brain (pituitary gland) to drive the thyroid gland, is almost undetectable.
		The effects of thyrotoxicosis on the eyes are usually minimal, but when more severe can lead to excessive bulging of the eyes and weakness of the eye muscles.
	www.medinfo.co.uk /conditions/thyrotoxicosis.html (727 words)

	ENDO: Ten-Day Course of Priadel (Lithium Carbonate) Augments Radioiodine in Treating Thyrotoxicosis
		Thyrotoxicosis was reversed in all 35 patients, 31 of whom subsequently became hypothyroid and are managed on levothyroxine, and four of whom were euthyroid.
		Therefore, endocrinologists planning to use a short course of lithium do not need to be concerned about the toxicity issues that are relevant in long-term use of lithium for psychiatric disorders, he stressed.
		"Although our results were promising, we need to wait for more data to recommend that other endocrinologists incorporate the use lithium in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis." The initial findings caused the investigators to believe that withholding adjunctive lithium therapy is unethical; therefore the ten-day lithium adjunct is standard practice in their unit.
	www.docguide.com /dg.nsf/PrintPrint/658BFA4B490C3D2085256BE2004E9D76 (591 words)

	ACP - Wisconsin Chapter - Undiagnosed Thyrotoxicosis In Presence Of Other Medical Problems
		Ashish Verma, M.D., Nikhil Shah, M.D., Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI A 41 year-old female with history of Multiple Sclerosis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, neurogenic bladder and muscle wasting and hyperreflexia and joint deformity secondary to her Multiple Sclerosis and Rheumatoid Arthritis comes to ER for blood in the urine.
		This is her third hospitalization in 6 months which include neurological evaluations for tremors and hyperreflexia thought to be due to complications of Multiple Sclerosis, Pulmonary embolism evaluation for persistent tachycardia, and anxiety and depression thought to be due to her debilitation and other social situations like divorce.
		Classic full-blown thyrotoxicosis is generally made by history and physical exam.
	www.acponline.org /chapters/wi/associates/99/vignette12.htm (279 words)

	Thyrotoxicosis - Symptoms and Treatment
		And the main symptoms that will show up on a patient that is showing possible signs of thyrotoxicosis will be the same kind of symptoms that will show up on a patient that has hyperthyroidism.
		And one of the most common symptoms that a doctor will look for is an enlargement of the actual thyroid gland and the thyroid gland is located at the front of the neck and all doctors will be able to pinpoint the thyroid gland and then they can see if it is enlarged or not.
		Thyrotoxicosis is very tough for a patient to go through but they can be given the correct treatment if they do go to the doctor early enough.
	www.vitaminsdiary.com /disorders/thyrotoxicosis.htm (716 words)

	eMedicine - Thyrotoxicosis : Article by John L Floyd, MD, FACR
		When a patient with clinical signs and symptoms of thyrotoxicosis also has substantial thyroid pain and tenderness, a diagnosis of SAT is almost always correct.
		Preferred Examination: The diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis is predominately based on laboratory results, including an elevated free T3/T4 level and suppressed thyrotropin level; however, the clinical examination may reveal the etiology.
		Thyrotoxicosis (ie, Graves disease, AFTN, TMNG) caused by hyperfunctional thyroid tissue is associated with normal-to–markedly increased uptake.
	www.emedicine.com /radio/topic315.htm (5424 words)

	Hyperthyroidism and Graves' Disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Palpitations may last for a few seconds or may be sustained for several minutes, depending on the severity of the underlying thyrotoxicosis.
		Patients who develop thyrotoxicosis may report a substantial amount of weight loss due to changes in rates of energy consumption and metabolism.
		Women of childbearing age who develop thyrotoxicosis may notice that their menstrual periods start to become scant and irregular.
	www.hopkinsmedicine.org /endocrine/graves/Answer.asp?QuestionID=6 (350 words)

	Thyrotoxicosis: Postmortem Diagnosis in an Unexpected Death
		Thyrotoxicosis, the clinical manifestation of extreme thyroid gland hyperfunction, is readily diagnosed and amenable to therapy.
		Although physicians recognize the lethal potential of thyrotoxicosis, it does not appear as a diagnosis in several series of unexpected deaths [1,2].
		This report presents a case of clinically unrecognized thyrotoxicosis presenting as an unexpected death.
	www.astm.org /DIGITAL_LIBRARY/JOURNALS/FORENSIC/PAGES/6022.htm (106 words)

	Pulmonary Hypertension Caused by Graves’ Thyrotoxicosis: Normal Pulmonary Hemodynamics Restored by 131I Treatment -- ...
		Pulmonary Hypertension Caused by Graves’ Thyrotoxicosis: Normal Pulmonary Hemodynamics Restored by 131I Treatment -- Nakchbandi et al.
		Sandler, G, Wilson, GM (1959) The nature and prognosis of heart disease in thyrotoxicosis.
		Zwillich, CW, Matthay, M, Potts, DE, et al (1978) Thyrotoxicosis: comparison of effects of thyroid ablation and ß-adrenergic blockade on metabolic rate and ventilatory control.
	www.chestjournal.org /cgi/content/full/116/5/1483 (1433 words)

	Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis) - Patient UK
		Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis) - Patient UK PatientPlus articles are written for doctors and so the language can be technical.
		Amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis is divided into two types: AIT I - thyrotoxicosis in a patient who has underlying thyroid dysfunction and AIT II - which is thyrotoxicosis resulting from destructive thyroiditis.
		In both forms of thyrotoxicosis the amiodarone should be stopped (bearing in mind potential risk of developing the original arrhythmia).
	www.patient.co.uk /showdoc/40000934 (2304 words)

	Central Hypothyroidism in Infants Who Were Born to Mothers With Thyrotoxicosis Before 32 Weeks' Gestation: 3 Cases -- ...
		a diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis attributable to Graves' disease
		and 1 of 7 premature infants with congenital thyrotoxicosis
		Hashimoto H, Maruyama M, Koshida R, Okuda N, Sato T. Central hypothyroidism resulting from pituitary suppression and peripheral thyrotoxicosis in a premature infant born to a mother with Graves' disease.
	pediatrics.aappublications.org /cgi/content/full/115/5/e623 (1769 words)

	Arch Intern Med -- Abstract: Thyrotoxicosis followed by hypothyroidism in patients treated with amiodarone. A possible ...
		Arch Intern Med -- Abstract: Thyrotoxicosis followed by hypothyroidism in patients treated with amiodarone.
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		Thyrotoxicosis followed by hypothyroidism in patients treated with amiodarone.
	archinte.ama-assn.org /cgi/content/abstract/153/7/886 (274 words)

	Thyrotoxicosis
		Diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis can be confirmed by the measurement of TSH level
		Clinically patients have features of thyrotoxicosis often with eye signs:
		Sheldon J, Reid D J. Thyrotoxicosis: changing trends in treatment.
	www.surgical-tutor.org.uk /system/hnep/thyrotoxicosis.htm (300 words)

	5. THE HAZARDS OF IODIZATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		It was apparent that the rise in incidence of thyrotoxicosis had occurred in association with a rise in iodine intake from below normal to normal levels (Stewart et al., 1971) due to iodized bread consumption which was introduced in April 1966.
		Scrutiny of records in northern Tasmania revealed a rise in the incidence of thyrotoxicosis as early as 1964, associated with rise in food imports and the introduction of iodophors to the dairy industry during 1963.
		Apart from thyrotoxicosis the risk of iodism or iodide goitre seems to be small.
	www.unsystem.org /SCN/archives/npp03/ch10.htm (443 words)

	Lithium associated thyrotoxicosis
		Of 81 cases of thyrotoxicosis related to lithium therapy reported 22 were silent thyroiditis, 39 Graves' disease and 11 autonomous nodule.
		The prevalence of Lithium associated thyrotoxicosis has been estimated at 1.7-2.5%, and an incidence of thyrotoxicosis to be 2.7per 1000 patient year treated with lithium.
		Thyrotoxicosis may be missed because of transient and asymptomatic nature of the illness.
	www.endocrine-abstracts.org /ea/0003/ea0003p291.htm (322 words)

	Thyrotoxicosis in pregnancy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The term gestational thyrotoxicosis refers to a subset of hyperemetic patients with clinical and biochemical hyperthyroidism in early pregnancy.
		Women with gestational thyrotoxicosis may be differentiated from those with Graves’ disease by the absence of goitre and negative antithyroid antibodies whose titre decreases from mid trimester onwards.
		Maternal thyrotoxicosis occurs about once in every 500 pregnancies, and the diagnosis may be difficult because the increase in cardiac output, tachycardia, skin warmth and heat intolerance typical of pregnancy can mimic hyperthyroidism.
	www.squ.edu.om /mj/Oct2001/thyrotox (1566 words)

	Postpartum Thyroditis and Chronic Thyroiditis - New Treatments, January 2, 2007 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Chronic thyroiditis with transient thyrotoxicosis is a disorder in which a self-limited episode of thyrotoxicosis is associated with a histologic picture of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis.
		Thyrotoxicosis in CT/TT usually abates within 2 to 5 months, and the thyrotoxic phase may be followed by a hypothyroid phase.
		Lack of tenderness or nodularity of the thyroid and absence of marked elevation of the ESR tend to exclude the latter diagnosis.
	www.ccspublishing.com /journals2a/postpartum_thyroditis.htm (401 words)

	RedOrbit - Science - Amiodarone-Induced Thyrotoxicosis and Thyroid Cancer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) is a well-known complication of amiodarone treatment found in 3% to 12% of patients.
		Thyrotoxicosis is a relatively uncommon complication of amiodarone treatment found in 10% to 12% of patients residing in iodine- deficient areas1,2 and with an approximately 3% incidence in the United States.3 Two types of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) have been described, each associated with a distinct histologic pattern of thyroid involvement.
		Amiodarone may cause 2 types of thyrotoxicosis with different mechanisms and therapeutic management (Table).1,9 Type 1 is due to iodine-induced excess of thyroid hormone synthesis and usually develops in the presence of underlying thyroid disease, including nodular goiter or latent Graves disease.
	www.redorbit.com /news/display?id=70322 (2135 words)

	VegSource: vegetarian & vegan recipes & resource -- You can get too much iodine.
		The aim of the study was to identify the number of cases of iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis among patients with thyrotoxicosis in a large urban hospital.
		In all patients with iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis, iodine exposure with a mean iodine dose of 21.5 g was documented 2 to 16 weeks before diagnosis (iodinated radiocontrast agents in 5 patients, amiodarone in 2 patients, kelp tablets in 1 patient).
		Iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis is a common disease, and the recognition and treatment of iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis, particularly in elderly patients and patients with goitre, are of clinical importance.
	www.vegsource.com /campbell/messages/6773.html (400 words)

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