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Topic: Thyroxine

Related Topics

Triiodothyronine

Trophic hormone

Thyroid

Thyroid gland

Hormone

Peptide hormone

Transthyretin

Somatostatin

Endocrine system

Growth hormone

Pituitary gland

Serpin

Catecholamine

Calcitonin

Adrenal medulla

	L-Thyroxine
		Thyroxine - T4 By the mid- to late- nineteenth century, scientists had already noted that iodide taken into the bloodstream was concentrated in the thyroid.
		Biological metabolism of thyroxine (deiodination, deamination, and increasing the solubility of the phenol through oxidation and conjugation with glucuronic acid and with sulfate) occurs mostly in the liver.
		Thyroxine is also used in the treatment of patients suffering from cancer of the thyroid.
	www.sas.upenn.edu /~laglinog/L-Thyroxine.html (800 words)

	thyroxine. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Thyroxine increases the number and activity of mitochondria in cells by binding to the cells’ DNA, increasing the basal metabolic rate.
		Thyroxine activity is controlled by thyrotropin, a substance released from the pituitary gland.
		Synthetically prepared thyroxine is used clinically in the treatment of thyroid gland deficiency diseases in adults and in the treatment of cretinism in children.
	www.bartleby.com /65/th/thyroxin.html (223 words)

	CiteULike: Thyroxine in goiter, Helicobacter pylori infection, and chronic gastritis. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		CiteULike: Thyroxine in goiter, Helicobacter pylori infection, and chronic gastritis.
		Thyroxine in goiter, Helicobacter pylori infection, and chronic gastritis.
		In prospective studies, the occurrence of H. pylori infection in the 11 patients treated with thyroxine led to an increase in the level of serum thyrotropin (P=0.002), an effect that was nearly reversed on eradication of H. pylori infection.
	www.citeulike.org /user/jwdietrich/article/873934 (677 words)

	Dorlands Medical Dictionary
		Thyroxine is deiodinated in peripheral tissues (liver, kidney, and heart) to form triiodothyronine, the active “tissue” form of thyroid hormone, which is much more biologically active.
		the fraction of thyroxine in the serum that is not bound to a binding protein.
		the total thyroxine in the serum, including both the fraction of free thyroxine and the fraction bound to a binding protein such as thyroxine-binding globulin or transthyretin.
	www.mercksource.com /pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_t_11zPzhtm (3137 words)

	Chemical & Engineering News: Top Pharmaceuticals: Thyroxine
		Thyroxine, or tetraiodothyronine, is produced by the thyroid--in humans, it's a butterfly-shaped gland in the front of the neck.
		Thyroxine is formed there by thyroperoxidase enzymes, which affix iodine atoms to the rings of tyrosine residues of the protein thyroglobulin.
		If Gertrude Stein had worried about her thyroid, she might have said “thyroxine is thyroxine is thyroxine is thyroxine.” But the drug, used to treat thyroid deficiency, is the second most prescribed in the U.S., doing hundreds of millions of dollars in business for its manufacturers.
	pubs.acs.org /cen/coverstory/83/8325/8325thyroxine.html (1824 words)

	Thyroid hormone - Psychology Wiki
		Thyrotoxicosis or hyperthyroidism is the clinical syndrome caused by an excess of circulating free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, or both.
		Thyroxine (3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine) is produced by follicular cells of the thyroid gland.
		Thyroxine is produced by attaching iodine atoms to the ring structures of tyrosine molecules.
	psychology.wikia.com /wiki/Thyroxine (857 words)

	Thyroxine
		Hypothyroidism is the condition that results from under-production of thyroxine by the thyroid gland either because the gland is naturally underactive or because radioiodine therapy or surgery for an overactive gland has resulted in underactivity.
		Thyroxine has a very long action in the body and is taken as a single daily dose, usually in the morning preferably before breakfast.
		Thyroxine tablets should be stored in the container in which they have been dispensed and kept in a cool dry place.
	www.dundee.ac.uk /medther/tayendoweb/thyroxine.htm (571 words)

	Thyroxine - a suitable case for treatment [May 1994; 4-4]
		TSH measurement is useful in measuring whether patients who receive thyroxine for hypothyroidism are getting the right dose; TSH is elevated in untreated patients, but falls to the normal range in a few weeks of treatment with an appropriate dose.
		Of these, 146 (0.8%) were being prescribed thyroxine, 134 for primary hypothyroidism, and the remainder for other appropriate reasons, such as hypopituitarism and thyroid cancer.
		A: Not proven for the whole thyroxine relacement population, though it is certain that quality will be improved for a significant percentage of these patients.
	www.jr2.ox.ac.uk /bandolier/band4/b4-4.html (508 words)

	THYROXINE SUPPRESSION THERAPY
		Therefore administering thyroxine in doses sufficient to suppress serum TSH might be useful in the prevention and treatment of thyroid nodules and goiters (8).
		This led to the widespread use of thyroxine suppression therapy for thyroid nodules and goiters, although it was not until the late 1980s and 1990s that any randomized controlled trials were conducted to study the efficacy of this therapy.
		It was concluded that thyroxine treatment was associated with an 18.4% increase in LV mass index compared with controls, and that the development of LVH in patients without an increase in heart rate, systolic blood pressure or ejection fraction was consistent with a direct trophic effect of thyroid hormone on the myocardium.
	intmedweb.wfubmc.edu /grand_rounds/1998/thyroxine_suppression.html (4718 words)

	Australian Prescriber - Taking care of thyroxine
		Thyroxine tablets are important in managing hypothyroidism, but treatment may be sub-optimal if they are used incorrectly.
		Thyroxine is stable in dry air, but unstable in the presence of light, heat and humidity.
		The extent of thyroxine absorption is increased in the fasting state and is influenced by the content of the gastrointestinal tract.
	www.australianprescriber.com /magazine/27/3/75/6 (1000 words)

	Free T4 (free Thyroxine) EIA Kit Insert available through Research Diagnostics Inc (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The cross-reactivity was calculated by deriving a ratio between dose of interfering substance to dose of thyroxine needed to displace the same amount of tracer.
		Total serum thyroxine concentration is dependent upon a multiplicity of factors: thyroid gland function and its regulation, thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) concentration, and the binding of thyroxine to TBG (3, 4).
		Chopra, I.J., Solomon, D.H., and Ho, R.S., "A Radioimmunoassay of Thyroxine",
	www.researchd.com /rdikits/ft4000.htm (2228 words)

	AGA eDigest
		Investigators determined whether there is an increased need for thyroxine with euthyroid multinodular goiter and impaired secretion of gastric acid by assessing the dose of thyroxine required to obtain a low level of thyrotropin in 248 patients with multinodular goiter.
		pylori infection in the 11 patients treated with thyroxine led to an increase in the level of serum thyrotropin.
		The team found that this effect was reversed by an increase in the thyroxine dose by 37 percent.
	www.gastro.org /user-assets/html/eDigest/2006/May/11/Literature/thyroxine.htm (257 words)

	Increase in Serum Free Thyroxine Levels Related to Intravenous Heparin Treatment -- Jain and Uy 124 (11): 74 -- Annals ...
		equilibrium dialysis and a one-step free thyroxine immunoassay.
		Mechanism of the heparin-induced increase in the concentration of free thyroxine in plasma.
		Effect of heparin on free thyroxine as measured by equilibrium dialysis and ultrafiltration.
	www.annals.org /cgi/content/full/124/1_Part_1/74-a (685 words)

	Thyroid.org: AACE, TES, and ATA
		Kendall discovered thyroxine in 1914 and Harrington established its structure in 1926, and went on to synthesize it.
		What is perhaps less well appreciated is that differences less than 25% may not only have a significant impact on serum TSH levels, but in certain clinical settings, such as the elderly with cardiac disease or pregnancy, the impact may be clinically highly significant.
		This was particularly prevalent in 2001 when patients were led to believe that their thyroxine preparations (not yet FDA approved) may be unreliable and potentially hazardous to their health.
	www.thyroid.org /professionals/advocacy/04_12_08_thyroxine.html (3166 words)

	Goiter-Gastritis Duo Needs Stepped-Up Thyroxine Doses - CME Teaching Brief® - MedPage Today
		Although the efficacy of thyroxine treatment for goiter is debated, it is widely used, especially in Europe, Dr. Centanni and colleagues said in the April 27 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
		From 1999 to 2004, the dose of thyroxine required to achieve low levels of thyrotropin, a marker for treatment efficacy, was assessed in these patients and compared with 135 goiter patients with normal gastric function.
		"Thyroxine in goiter, helicobacter pylori infection, and chronic gastritis." New England Journal of Medicine 2006; 354:1787-1795.
	www.medpagetoday.com /Endocrinology/Thyroid/tb/3177 (449 words)

	Thyroxine sodium
		When the thyroid gland is unable to produce normal amounts of thyroxine, the level of thyroid hormones in the blood is decreased (hypothyroidism).
		Thyroxine tablets are given to replace the thyroxine that would normally have been produced by the thyroid.
		Therefore, once thyroxine medicine is started, it must commonly be taken for the rest of a person's life.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /lifestyle/healthfitness/health_advice/netdoctor/archive/100004464.html (712 words)

	Smart screening: Maternal thyroxine and childhood development
		Thyroxine, the thyroid hormone produced from iodine by the thyroid gland, plays a key role in human growth and development, both in the womb and after birth.
		If thyroxine levels are too low, a child may suffer from a range of impairments, affecting their thinking and behaviour (cognition) or movement and coordination.
		One of the problems is that the degree of thyroid underactivity in the mother may be slight, so she may not feel any symptoms, and will therefore be unaware of her condition.
	www.wellcome.ac.uk /doc_WTX024027.html (1252 words)

	Long-term Thyroxine Treatment and Bone Mineral Density
		Studies of the effect of thyroxine replacement therapy on bone mineral density have given conflicting results; the reductions in bone mass reported by some have prompted recommendations that prescribed doses of thyroxine should be reduced.
		Despite long-term thyroxine therapy (mean duration 7-9 [range 1-19] years) at doses (mean 191 [SD 50] þg/day) that resulted in higher serum thyroxine and lower serum thyrotropin concentrations than in the controls, the patients showed no evidence of lower bone mineral density than the controls at any site.
		Although the controversy persists, thyroxine doses prescribed in the USA have changed substantially and the recommendations of the American Thyroid association that thyroxine doses be reduced are supported by some physicians in the UK.
	www.thyroid.ca /Articles/EngE4J.html (1960 words)

	Adult Health Advisor 2005.4: Thyroxine (T4) Test
		You should speak to your physician or make an appointment to be seen if you have questions or concerns about this information or your medical condition.
		Thyroxine (T4) is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland.
		Because most of the thyroxine in the blood is attached to blood proteins, you may have an abnormal level of thyroxine if you have a blood protein level that is higher or lower than normal.
	www.med.umich.edu /1libr/aha/aha_thyroxin_crs.htm (770 words)

	Hypothyroidism: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center - Boston, Hospital, T4, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, T3, nodules (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Gradually increasing doses of thyroxine are given until the blood levels of T4 and TSH are both in the normal range.
		Since the potency of generic thyroxine has in the past varied considerably, physicians will likely specify a brand name of thyroxine to treat hypothyroidism.
		On the other hand, elderly patients require less thyroxine, so that the dose may need to be decreased as patients age.
	www.bidmc.harvard.edu /display.asp?node_id=4534 (631 words)

	Thyroxine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The test for level of thyroxin was done it was high (approx 16).
		The normal thyroxine level for a 3 week old can range from 8.2 - 16.2 micrograms/deciliter.
		No, it doesn't sound like he needs anything further, except for a follow up blood level for thyroxine (just to make sure that his level is staying in the normal range).
	www.intensivecaring.com /thyroxine.htm (226 words)

	Thyroxine treatment in patients with symptoms of hypothyroidism but thyroid function tests within the reference range: ...
		Thyroxine treatment in patients with symptoms of hypothyroidism but thyroid function tests within the reference range: randomised double blind placebo controlled crossover trial -- Pollock et al.
		Thyroxine treatment in patients with symptoms of hypothyroidism but thyroid function tests within the reference range: randomised double blind placebo controlled crossover trial
		This study suggests that thyroxine is no more effective than placebo in improving psychological and physical wellbeing in patients who show symptoms of being clinically hypothyroid but whose thyroid function tests are within the reference range
	www.bmj.com /cgi/content/abstract/323/7318/891 (613 words)

	Commentary: Do preterm infants need thyroxine replacement? -- Brook 312 (7039): 1133 -- BMJ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		of thyroxine, and 80% is derived from peripheral conversion,
		Thyroxine administration to infants of less than 30 weeks' gestational age does not increase plasma triiodothyronine concentrations.
		Levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) in premature infants during the first three days of life--results from the pilot study of the THORN trial (thyroid hormone replacement in neonates).
	www.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/312/7039/1133 (807 words)

	Thyroxine Effects on Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor I Levels, Anthropometric Measures, and Body Composition in ...
		Thyroxine Effects on Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor I Levels, Anthropometric Measures, and Body Composition in Patients After Thyroidectomy -- Wu et al.
		Thyroxine Effects on Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor I Levels, Anthropometric Measures, and Body Composition in Patients After Thyroidectomy
		Thyroxine is an important hormone related to growth.
	www.annclinlabsci.org /cgi/content/abstract/33/4/423 (322 words)

	Glossary T
		A hormone produced by the pituitary gland (at the base of the brain) that promotes the growth of the thyroid gland (in the neck) and stimulates it.
		Thyroxine (T4) -- A chemical substance made by the thyroid gland The thyroid gland uses iodine to make thyroid hormones.
		Thyroxine (T4), one of the most important thyroid hormones, has four iodine molecules attached to its molecular structure.
	www.inciid.org /article.php?cat=glossary&id=74 (1192 words)

	GE - 'thyroxine'
		The Technical Director of one company replied, saying that thyroxine was made by means of a series of chemical reactions and therefore, no gmo's were involved.
		I telephoned them today and was told that they did indeed supply thyroxine in liquid form, but as to gm, well, being distributors and not manufacturers, they didn't know.
		Unfortunately, if this form of thyroxine is non gm, there is no guarantee that I will succeed in getting it from the same suppliers each time I have a new prescription.
	www.gene.ch /info4action/1999/Feb/msg00153.html (545 words)

	Candidate Reference Method for Total Thyroxine in Human Serum: Use of Isotope-Dilution Liquid Chromatography-Mass ...
		thyroxine, the flask was filled to the mark with methanol.
		On the use of trimethylchlorosilane in methanol for methylation of thyroxine prior to perfluoroacylation and isotope dilution-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
		The nature of a thyroxine precursor formed in the synthesis of thyroxine from diiodotyrosine and its keto acid analog.
	www.clinchem.org /cgi/content/full/48/4/637 (2461 words)

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