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Topic: Tibial Nerves

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	Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The posterior tibial nerve becomes impinged as it passes under the deep fascia of the leg and the abductor hallucis muscle (Frey and Kerr, 1993).
		The posterior tibial nerve lies between the posterior tibial muscle and the flexor digitorum longus muscle in the proximal region of the leg and then passes to lie between the flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus muscle in the distal region of the leg (Holmes, 1994).
		The third is the release of the posterior tibial nerve and/or its branches from “surrounding entrapments” (eg, variscosities).
	podiatry.curtin.edu.au /encyclopedia/tarsaltunnel (3040 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The five nerves that innervate the region of the ankle are the tibial, deep and superficial peroneal, sural and saphenous nerves.
		The tibial nerve descends through the midpoint of the interval between the medial malleolus and the calcaneus on the medial side of the ankle under the flexor retinaculum.
		For a tibial nerve block, a skin wheal is made with a 27-G needle midway between the medial malleolus and the calcaneus posterior to the pulsation of the posterior tibial artery.
	www.ncpainmanagement.com /AnkleBlock.htm (1020 words)

	New York School Of Regional Anesthesia - Ankle Block
		An ankle block is essentially a block of four branches of the sciatic nerve (deep and superficial peroneal, tibial and sural nerves) and one cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve (saphe-nous nerve).
		With exception of the saphenous nerve (sensory branch of the femoral nerve), an ankle block is essentially a block of the terminal branches of the sciatic nerve.
		The sural nerve is a sensory nerve formed by the union of the medial sural nerve - a branch of the tibial nerve - and lateral sural nerve, a branch of the common peroneal nerve.
	www.nysora.com /techniques/basic/ankle/ankle.htm (2749 words)

	ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED NON-INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETICS: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
		The frequency of abnormalities in the studied peripheral nerves was 60% for median, 63% ulnar, 33% peroneal, 16% tibial and 8% sural.
		The distal latencies were obtained for the median and ulnar nerves (8 cm distance for motor, and 14 cm for sensory measurements respectively); peroneal and tibial nerves (9 cm for motor); superficial radial, sural nerves (10 and 14 cm respectively for sensory conduction).
		Nerve conduction measures in mild diabetic neuropathy in the early diabetes intervention trial: the effect of age, sex, type of diabetes, disease duration and anthropometric factors.
	www.kfshrc.edu.sa /annals/174/96-402r.html (1716 words)

	Sciatica and the sciatic nerve
		The sciatic nerve is the largest single nerve in the human body; it runs from each side of the lower spine through deep in the rear and back of the thigh, and all the way down to foot, connecting the spinal cord with the leg and foot muscles.
		The nerve that exits between lumbar segment 4 and lumbar segment 5 (L4 and L5) is called the L4 nerve root, and the nerve that exits between the L5 and Sacral segment 1 is called the L5.
		The tibial nerves continue to travel downward towards the feet and innervate the heel and sole of the foot.
	www.spine-health.com /topics/cd/sciatica/sciatic_nerve01.html (812 words)

	Dissector Answers - Hip & Posterior Thigh & Leg
		Predict the functional loss and cutaneous areas affected by a given nerve injury to the hip or posterior thigh region; or conversely, given a functional and/or cutaneous loss, be able to predict which nerve or nerves are involved and the probable level of the injury.
		It is attached anteriorly to the patella, the patellar ligament and the tibial tuberosity.
		nerves to the obturator internus** and quadratus femoris mm.
	www.med.umich.edu /lrc/coursepages/m1/anatomy/html/musculoskeletal_system/gluteal_ans.html (3489 words)

	Laser Health Solutions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Diabetic Neuropathy: is a common complication of diabetes mellitus in which nerves are damaged as a result of hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels).
		Nerve injuries are caused by decreased blood flow and high blood-sugar levels, and are more likely to develop if blood-glucose levels are poorly controlled.
		Osgood-Schlatter disease: is a painful swelling of the bump on the front of the upper tibia (lower leg bone) in an area called the anterior tibial tubercle.
	www.laserhealthsolutions.com /encyclopedia.php (1505 words)

	MISSILE INJURIES TO THE PERIPHERAL NERVES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Missile injuries to the peripheral nerves may be produced by low velocity missiles, usually shell fragments that damage nerve elements predominantly by a direct impact, and by high velocity missiles, which have three mechanisms of nerve damage: direct impact, shock waves, and cavitation effects.
		Nerve elements are rarely injured by a direct impact, but are most often attributable to shock waves and cavitation causing their compression and stretching.
		Nerve continuity was preserved at least partially in 52 (37,7%) of 138 nerves involving 32,7% (17 of 52 nerves) partial transections and 67,3% (35 of 52 nerves) neuromas in continuity and/or fibrotic nerves.
	www-cdu.dc.med.unipi.it /eates4/Abstracts/Trauma%20Neu-Han-varie/001.htm (4091 words)

	Probert Encyclopaedia: Medicine (Ti-Tn) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The tibial nerves branch off of the sciatic nerves and, in turn, divide into anterior and posterior branches.
		The tibialis anterior is innervated by deep branches of the peroneal nerves and supplied by the peroneal artery.
		It is innervated by the tibial nerve and supplied by the posterior tibial artery.
	www.probertencyclopaedia.com /ELD.HTM (1667 words)

	AllRefer Health - Tibial Nerve Dysfunction (Neuropathy - Tibial Nerve)
		Tibial nerve dysfunction is a loss of movement or sensation in the lower leg, caused by damage to the tibial nerve.
		Tibial nerve dysfunction is a form of peripheral neuropathy.
		The tibial nerve is commonly injured by fractures or other injury to the back of the knee or the lower leg.
	health.allrefer.com /health/tibial-nerve-dysfunction-info.html (499 words)

	Adrenergic innervation of the tibial and vagus nerves in rats of different ages. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Adrenergic nerve fibers innervating blood vessels in the epi-perineurium and endoneurium of the tibial and vagus nerves of male Fischer-344 rats of different ages were examined using formaldehyde-induced fluorescence technique and fluorescence microscopy.
		The intensity of noradrenaline fluorescence of nerve fibers also was decreased in the oldest age group.
		The results suggest that adrenergic neuronal control of the microcirculation in the rat tibial and vagus nerves is lost during aging as it is in other organs of the cardiovascular system.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_2325433.html (193 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Tibial nerve dysfunction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		It occurs when there is damage to the tibial nerve, one of the branches of the sciatic nerve of the leg.
		Dysfunction of a single nerve group, such as the tibial nerve, is classified as mononeuropathy.
		Nerve pain may be quite uncomfortable and persist for a prolonged period of time.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/000792.htm (759 words)

	lnvited Lecture
		Nerve of Kuntz was identified in six patients, it lies in the body of the rib 3-5cm lateral to the sympathetic chain.
		In the left side on the second rih, cases that sympathetic nerve lies on the head of the rib and the neck of the rib were almosi equal, but cases that sympathetie nerve lies on the neck of the rib were significantly higher in the third and fourth ribs on the left side.
		We should not niention that the sympathetie nerve ]ies on the head of the rib nor on the neck of the rib at the 2nd rib, since the possibilities of its lie on the two are almost equal.
	www.angelfire.com /ab/ets/Japan.html (8419 words)

	Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Tarsal tunnel syndrome -- tarsal: meaning the lower ankle area of the foot -- is a condition that usually affects the medial (inside) aspect of the ankle.
		Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome occurs when the posterior tibial nerve, as it courses under the ligament at the ankle, becomes inflamed for a variety of reasons, namely: excessive pronation, arthritic problems such as rheumatoid arthritis, trauma, and even obesity.
		The symptoms that are characteristic of this disease are persistent burning pain, pain that radiates down to the toes and/or up to the lower leg, and pain that is usually unremitting, in that is does not subside after weight has been removed from the foot.
	www.ncpainmanagement.com /TarsalTunnel.htm (2613 words)

	Virtual Hospital: Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus III: Nervous System: Plexuses: Tibial and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The point of union of the two branches of the sural nerve (tibial), which connects the medial sural cutaneous with the peroneal communicating branch (arising from the common peroneal nerve), is subject to wide variation.
		When the medial sural cutaneous nerve is joined by the peroneal communicating nerve the combined nerve is termed the sural nerve.
		Although the sural nerve is considered a purely sensory nerve, motor nerves have been described in four individuals.
	www.vh.org /Providers/Textbooks/AnatomicVariants/NervousSystem/Text/TibialSuralNerves.html (458 words)

	Neurology Journal Club Aricle #1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The tibial nerve specimen obtained from this dog at the time of the second biopsy had a similar percentage of abnormal fibers as the sciatic nerve, but the frequency of axonal degeneration was higher in the distal specimen (Table 2).
		Nerve sample lost for single fiber processing; however, axonal necrosis, demyelination, and nerve fiber loss were observed in semithin tissue sections.
		Ultrastructurally, peripheral nerves from affected dogs were characterized by loss of myelinated fibers, marked increase in endoneurial collagen, axonal degeneration (Fig 4), multifocal myelinoaxonal necrosis (Fig 5), numerous Bungner bands (conglomerations of Schwann cells previously associated with myelinated axons)29 (Fig 6), multifocal macrophage infiltration, occasional regenerating clusters, and presence of dark endoneurial fibroblasts.
	neuro.vetmed.ufl.edu /neuro/journal_club/articles/malamute_art.htm (2964 words)

	Neurology Journal Club Aricle #1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Motor nerve function was studied in the sciatic/tibial nerve (14 examinations in 12 dogs), in the radial nerve (11 examinations in 10 dogs), and in the ulnar nerve (5 examinations in 4 dogs).
		Sensory function was examined in the tibial nerve (14 examinations in 12 dogs), in the radial nerve (12 examinations in 11 dogs), and in the ulnar nerve (11 examinations in 9 dogs).
		The electrophysiologic abnormalities seen in ACP are not as consistent with the classic form of GBS (87% of cases) as with the acute axonal or intermediate forms of the disease (3% and 10% of patients, respectively).21 Electrophysiologic studies of classic GBS reveal an evolving picture of multifocal demyelinating polyneuropathy with secondary axonal degeneration.
	neuro.vetmed.ufl.edu /neuro/Journal_Club/Articles/Guillan_Art.htm (4434 words)

	Bit-mapped imaging of somatosensory evoked potentials after stimulation of the posterior tibial nerves and dorsal nerve ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Bit-mapped imaging of somatosensory evoked potentials after stimulation of the posterior tibial nerves and dorsal nerve of the penis/ clitoris.
		Bit-mapped imaging of somatosensory evoked potentials after stimulation of the posterior tibial nerves and dorsal nerve of the penis/ clitoris.A lemniscal P30 was also recorded.
		Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) to unilateral or bilateral posterior tibial nerve (PTN) stimulation and to stimulation of the dorsal nerve (DN) of the penis/ clitoris were recorded on 32 channels in 10 volunteers.
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gp/7059443.html (235 words)

	"All tibial foot" with sensory crossover innervation between the tibial and deep peroneal nerves -- YAMASHITA et al. 65 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		"All tibial foot" with sensory crossover innervation between the tibial and deep peroneal nerves
		In either case, sensory nerve action potential (arrow) was recorded from the skin between the first and second toes.
		Sensory studies of the sural, superficial peroneal and medial plantar nerves were normal.
	jnnp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/65/5/798 (599 words)

	PNS Meeting Poster Abstracts - Mechanisms of Nerve Degeneration and Regeneration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		To avoid any mechanical damage to the donor nerve during surgery, the intact tibial nerve and distal segment of the transected peroneal nerve were placed in a Y-shaped silicone chamber with 1mm gap in stead of a direct end-to-side suture.
		Eight tibial nerves from 5 adult cats were crushed just distal to the branches to the deep toe-flexors and studied during light anesthesia before the lesion: control nerves (CN); and in regenerated nerves after muscle reinnervation (RN).
		The tibial nerve was stimulated at the ankle via a non-polarizing surface Ag-AgCl cathode with the anode placed 5 cm proximally; the evoked compound muscle action potential (CM-AP) was recorded from plantar muscles through a subcutaneous needle electrode referenced to the first toe.
	pns.ucsd.edu /PostF.abstracts.html (5895 words)

	5. Anatomy of Dog Stifle Joint (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		There are two groups of muscles in the dog stifle: those that extend the joint and those that flex it.
		The Meniscal ligament Attach cranial and caudal horns of menisci to femur and tibia.
		Also present (only in the dog and ox) is a transverse (intermeniscal) ligament uniting the two cranial tibial ligaments.
	d-mis-web.ana.bris.ac.uk /calnet/pot404/page5.htm (349 words)

	AAPM&R - April 1999 EMG Case (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The CMAP was absent in the right tibial nerve, and CMAP amplitudes were markedly reduced in the right peroneal and left tibial nerves.
		Motor nerve conduction velocities were within the range of low/normal for the right tibial nerve and normal for the right and left peroneal nerves.
		The needle EMG examination showed membrane instability in muscles supplied by both the right peroneal and tibial nerves as well as increased polyphasicity of motor units in the right long head of the biceps femoris muscle, innervated by the sciatic nerve.
	www.aapmr.org /education/archive/emg9904c.htm (756 words)

	Glycogen accumulation in tibial nerves of experimentally diabetic and aging control rats. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Glycogen accumulation in tibial nerves of experimentally diabetic and aging control rats.
		Tibial nerves of streptozotocin-diabetic, alloxan-diabetic, and age-matched control rats were examined at 2 weeks and 2, 4, 8, and 12 months following the induction of diabetes.
		Quantitative data suggest that axonal accumulation of glycogen-like granules is related to aging or injury related phenomena to which diabetic axons may be more susceptible.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_7310436.html (155 words)

	Hypothermic neuroprotection of peripheral nerve of rats from ischaemia—reperfusion injury -- Mitsui et al. 122 (1): ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Hypothermic neuroprotection of peripheral nerve of rats from ischaemia—reperfusion injury -- Mitsui et al.
		sciatic nerve, distal sciatic nerve, mid-tibial nerve and distal
		3 h of ischaemia, IFD was confined to the tibial nerve.
	brain.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/122/1/161 (3100 words)

	[Peripheral nerve abnormalities of mutant ( PMA) mouse--myelinated fiber counts of sciatic, peroneal, sural and tibial ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		[Peripheral nerve abnormalities of mutant (PMA) mouse--myelinated fiber counts of sciatic, peroneal, sural and tibial nerves].The pma mice showed pes equinovarus bilaterally and their peroneal nerves were absent.
		On the other hand they were significantly greater (p less than 0.0001) in the sural nerve in pma mice than in control mice.
		The mean total transverse fascicular area and mean total number of myelinated fibers per nerve in the sciatic nerve in pma mice was significantly less (p less than 0.02) than that in control mice.
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gp/5410022.html (185 words)

	Sciatic Nerve and Sciatica
		The sciatic nerve is the longest and largest nerve in the body measuring three-quarters of an inch in diameter.
		The tibial nerves pass in front of the knee and downward into the foot (heel, sole, toes).
		If the nerve is compressed, caused by conditions such as a bulging or herniated disc or tumor (rare), symptoms may include a loss of reflexes, weakness and numbness besides severe pain.
	www.spineuniverse.com /displayarticle.php/article2524.html (454 words)

	Dynamic Control of Location-Specific Information in Tactile Cutaneous Reflexes from the Foot during Human Walking -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Hugon M (1973) Exteroceptive reflexes to stimulation of the sural nerve in normal man. In: New developments in electromyography and clinical neurophysiology, Vol 3 (Desmedt JE, ed), pp 713-729.
		Van Wezel BMH, Ottenhoff FAM, Duysens J (1994) Reflex responses to low-intensity stimulation of the sural, tibial, and peroneal nerves during human walking.
		Woolf CJ, Swett JE (1984) The cutaneous contribution to the hamstring flexor reflex in the rat: an electrophysiological and anatomical study.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/17/10/3804 (6257 words)

	Responses of sympathetic outflow to skin during caloric stimulation in humans -- Cui et al. 276 (3): 738 -- AJP - ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		tibial and peroneal nerves decreased to 50 ± 4% (with baseline
		peroneal and tibial nerves induced by the external meatus irrigation
		stimuli and that the SSNA in the peroneal nerve that innervates
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/276/3/R738 (4716 words)

	Resection of the Sciatic, Peroneal, or Tibial Nerves: Assessment of Functional Status -- Brooks et al. 9 (1): 41 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Resection of the Sciatic, Peroneal, or Tibial Nerves: Assessment of Functional Status -- Brooks et al.
		Resection of the Sciatic, Peroneal, or Tibial Nerves: Assessment of Functional Status
		Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors of the buttock and lower extremity.
	www.annalssurgicaloncology.org /cgi/content/full/9/1/41 (2746 words)

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