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Topic: Tidal ranges

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tidal locking

tidal estuary

tidal bore

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	Ocean Energy Council.com- What is Tidal Energy?
		A tidal range of at least 7 m is required for economical operation and for sufficient head of water for the turbines.
		Tidal energy is a renewable source of electricity which does not result in the emission of gases responsible for global warming or acid rain associated with fossil fuel generated electricity.
		Tidal power is a form of low-head hydroelectricity and uses familiar low-head hydroelectric generating equipment, such as has been in use for more than 120 years.
	www.oceanenergycouncil.com /faqtidal.html (1778 words)

	tide. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Spring tide, having the maximum range, occurs during the full moon when the earth is between the moon and the sun, and new moon when the moon is between the earth and the sun.
		The typical tidal range in the open ocean is 2 ft (0.61 m) but is much greater near the coast.
		The world’s widest tidal range occurs in the Bay of Fundy, in E Canada, where the sea level changes by 40 ft (12 m) during the day, while the Mediterranean, Baltic, and Caribbean Seas are relatively tideless.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ti/tide.html (944 words)

	Tide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tides are the cyclic rising and falling of Earth's ocean surface caused by the tidal forces of the Moon and the Sun acting on the Earth.
		Tidal heights are also very important; for example many rivers and harbours have a shallow "bar" at the entrance which will prevent boats with significant draught from entering at certain states of the tide.
		An arrow on the tidal chart indicates the direction and the average flow speed (usually in knots) for spring and neap tides.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tides (3037 words)

	EPA > Polluted Runoff (Nonpoint Source Pollution) > MMGI > Chapter 5 > Marina Flushing Management Measure - II. Siting ...
		A large tidal prism relative to the mean total volume of the waterbody indicates a large potential for flushing because more of the "old" water has a chance to become mixed with the "new" water outside the boundary or opening to the waterbody.
		In areas where tidal ranges do not exceed 1 meter, as in the southeastern United States, a flushing reduction (the amount of a conservative substance that is flushed from the basin) of 90 percent over a 24-hour period has been recommended.
		In tidal waters, marina design should replace conventional rectangular boat basin geometry with curvilinear geometry to eliminate the stagnation effects of sharp-edged corners and to exploit the natural hydraulic patterns of flow and prevent the occurrence of areas where flushing is negligible (Cardwell and Koons, 1981).
	www.epa.gov /nps/MMGI/Chapter5/ch5-2a.html (2694 words)

	Tidal Hydrology, Hydraulics, and Scour at Bridges Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 25 Appendix B - Hydraulics ...
		First, the tidal force envelope produced by the moon's gravitational attraction is accompanied by a tidal force envelope of considerably smaller amplitude produced by the sun.
		The tidal force exerted by the sun is a composite of the sun's gravitational attraction and a centrifugal force component created by the revolution of the earth's center-of-mass around the center-of-mass of the earth-sun system, in an exactly analogous manner to the earth-moon relationship.
		The corresponding tidal force envelope due to the moon is depicted, in profile, by the dashed ellipse.
	www.fhwa.dot.gov /engineering/hydraulics/hydrology/hec25appb.cfm (5019 words)

	WEC Survey of Energy Resources 2001 - Tidal Energy
		Tidal amplitudes are increased substantially towards the coast, particularly in estuaries.
		Tidal energy potential is particularly prevalent along the north-western coast of Australia, where tidal ranges are amongst the largest in the world.
		The tidal ranges of the Gulf of Kutch and the Gulf of Khambat are 5 m and 7 m respectively, the theoretical capacities 900 MW and 7 000 MW respectively and the estimated annual output approximately 1.6 TWh and 15.0 TWh respectively.
	www.worldenergy.org /wec-geis/publications/reports/ser/tide/tide.asp (4287 words)

	Tidal Creek (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Tidal creeks are the most common type of coastal waterway in Australia, and are most abundant in north-western Australia and the Gulf of Carpentaria, where they occur along mostly macrotidal, low-gradient coastal plains.
		The coastal mudflats that generally surround tidal creeks tend to be at or above the limit of high tide, and seawater is mainly confined to the tidal channel, except during spring tides.
		Tidal creeks are highly variable in size (Heap et al., 2001) and, due to strong tidal currents generated by large tidal ranges, are usually highly turbid.
	www.ozestuaries.org /oracle/ozestuaries/conceptual_mods/cm_tc.htm (749 words)

	Introduction to Tides
		For example, the tidal range at the mouth of a bay and the tidal range at the head of the same bay may differ by several feet.
		Tidal ranges depend on many factors including the phase of the Moon, the time of year, and local bathymetry.
		Greater tidal ranges are observed during perihelion when the Earth is closest to the Sun (generally during the first week of January).
	meted.ucar.edu /oceans/tides_intro/print.htm (6453 words)

	Tide Summary
		The greatest tidal range, the spring tides, occurs when the Moon and Sun are aligned on the same or opposing sides of the Earth, that is, during new and full moons.
		The lowest tidal range, the neap tides, occurs when the Moon and Sun are at right angles to the Earth--during the first quarter and third quarter moons.
		The tides' range is then at its maximum: this is called the "spring tide", or just "springs" and is derived not from the season of spring but rather from the Dutch verb springen, meaning "to jump" or "to leap up".
	www.bookrags.com /Tide (6400 words)

	Ocean in Motion: Tides - Characteristics
		Tidal ranges can be measured in inches, like those in Lake Superior, Michigan, or in feet or yards.
		In areas with large tidal ranges, boats anchored at high tide are often left stranded on the dry beach at low tide.
		Tidal currents are especially strong where the ocean is connected to an estuary or bay, and boats sometimes have to wait for a current in to enter or leave a harbor.
	www.onr.navy.mil /focus/ocean/motion/tides2.htm (347 words)

	OC2910 - Tides: Basic Concepts and Terminology
		Barotropic tidal currents are the periodic water motions accompanying the tidal changes in sea level.
		The intersection of the tidal datum with land determines the landward edge of a marine boundary.
		One common method to show how the tidal sea level amplitude and phase of a given constituent vary over a geographic area of the ocean is to use charts with lines connecting areas of the same phase (cotidal lines) and lines or colors showing areas with the same amplitude (corange lines).
	www.oc.nps.navy.mil /nom/day1/partc.html (1933 words)

	Tidal Electric - Technology
		Although it has been in use for more than 1000 years, the tidal barrage is unsuitable for broad-scale commercial use because of environmental and economic drawbacks due, primarily, to its shoreline location (see pages 3-4).
		Offshore tidal power generation utilizes an offshore impoundment structure built of rubble mound construction materials (loose rock, sand, and gravel) sited in a shallow tidal flat with a large tidal range.
		Placing the impoundment structure offshore resolves the environmental and economic problems of the tidal barrage and reintroduces the vast potential of the oceans’ tides to the array of generation choices at the dawn of an era in which renewable source power is evolving from a marginal to a mainstream technology choice.
	www.tidalelectric.com /Introduction.htm (192 words)

	tide - physical oceanography
		In opposition with the sun-earth-moon in line, the tide-generating forces of the sun and moon are additive producing maximum tidal ranges (spring tide).
		In an ocean with an average depth of 3.9 km, the tidal bulges move at speeds slightly under 700 km/hr which is much less than required for two tidal bulges to transit the 20,000 km circumference of the earth in one day.
		The continents interrupt the free movement of the tidal bulges, and the separate ocean basins develop oscillatory waves whose character modifies the forced astronomical tidal waves.
	geology.uprm.edu /Morelock/GEOLOCN_/tide.htm (766 words)

	Creative Environmental Networks - Tidal
		Tidal power works much like hydroelectricity in that it uses the movement of water to power a turbine to create electricity.
		La Rance tidal energy barrage is possibly the most well known and successful in the world, but it relies on the total capture of an estuary’s tidal waters with the resultant effects on the marine environment.
		As some tidal stream devices use similar technology to wind turbines, they may benefit from wind turbine technological developments to considerably reduce the cost of their own research and development, thereby giving these devices a market advantage.
	www.greenenergycentre.org.uk /tidal.asp (472 words)

	RESULTS
		A comparison of current patterns with their corresponding tidal heights showed that the Bay’s currents underwent changes from the beginning to end of a tidal stage (flood or ebb).
		To describe how the current patterns relate to tidal height, the patterns are referred to by the tidal range in which they occur.
		The tidally averaged vertical profiles of residual velocity and sediment concentrations for the Creek and Waterway transects for the Spring and Summer sampling periods are shown in Figure 35.
	home.earthlink.net /~ctroyc/figs/RESULTS.html (2895 words)

	Tidal Energy - Power from the Moon 'n Sun
		Tidal energy devices exploit the natural rise and fall of coastal tidal waters caused principally by the interaction of the gravitational fields of the Sun and Moon.
		The difference between the tide mill and today's tidal power plant is the size of the unit and the amount of energy generated.
		Tidal energy is currently more expensive to generate than conventional energy or that from many other renewable sources.
	www.tidalfluxenergies.com (584 words)

	NDP-043C (Tidal Ranges) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The mean tidal range for each grid cell is the average of the diurnal tidal ranges of all stations within a given cell.
		The mean tidal range at a given tide station in this data set is defined as the difference in height between mean high water and mean low water in 1992.
		Furthermore, the velocity of tidal currents in estuaries depends on the tide range, as well as the asymmetry of the tidal cycle and channel morphology.
	cdiac.esd.ornl.gov /epubs/ndp/ndp043c/sec76.htm (458 words)

	Science Question of the Week - Dec. 21, 2001 - tidal bores
		A tidal bore is the leading edge of the rising tide.
		On the Pacific end of the Panama Canal, the tidal range is 16 feet.
		Across the Atlantic from Nova Scotia, tidal bores occur on a number of rivers in northern Europe, including the Severn River in England and the Seine and Dordogne Rivers in France.
	www.gsfc.nasa.gov /scienceques2001/20011221.htm (991 words)

	Land Qualities for Tidal Lowlands
		Small tidal ranges in well maintained canals at less than 8 km canal distance from river means usually that you are in the upper reaches of the tidal stretch of the river, close to the floodplain river stretch.
		A small tidal range here usually means you are still in the tidal stretch of the river, but only too far away from river.
		Tidal irrigation depends here on the combined effect of rainfall, relatively small canals, high tides and the low position of the land.
	www.eelaart.com /land_qualities.htm (1306 words)

	NOAA National Ocean Service Education: Tides and Water Levels
		Solar tides are about half as large as lunar tides and are expressed as a variation of lunar tidal patterns, not as a separate set of tides.
		About two weeks later, when the moon is farthest from the Earth (at apogee), the lunar tide-raising force is smaller, and the tidal ranges are less than average.
		When the Earth is furthest from the sun (aphelion), around July 2, the tidal ranges are reduced (Sumich, J.L., 1996; Thurman, H.V., 1994).
	www.nos.noaa.gov /education/kits/tides/tides06_variations.html (366 words)

	Hydrology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The amount of damage afflicted by a tropical storm is often exacerbated by the tidal range and water depth offshore of the site where the hurricane strikes land.
		Therefore, the small tidal range that occurred along Port St. Joe during our study is typical of the panhandle coast, whereas the tidal range off Cape San Blas was even narrower than the average ranges along the northwest Florida coast.
		The narrow tidal range along Cape San Blas may not provide a sufficient buffer during tropical storms, therefore, this area may experience severe damage during storm events.
	www.wec.ufl.edu /coop/CapeSanBlas/Hydrology.htm (600 words)

	Department of Marine Science
		Tides are caused by the Earth's rotation beneath the tidal bulge.
		Tidal periods are either 12 hours, 25 minutes or 24 hours, 50 minutes depending on location.
		The reason why tidal periods are not 24 hours or 12 hours in length is that the Moon moves forward in its orbit each day.
	www.usm.edu /marine/mar151/MAR_151_Chap_8a.html (810 words)

	Tidal Wave Energy
		Tidal energy exploits the natural rise and fall of coastal tidal waters caused principally by the interaction of the gravitational fields of the Sun and the Moon.
		Historically known as tide mills, the ancient process consisted of a pond filled through a sluice during the flood tide and emptied on the ebb tide via an undershot waterwheel Tide mills were in use on the coasts of Spain, France and the UK before 1100AD.
		Tidal energy potential has been investigated by a number of countries, notably France where a 240 MW demonstration plant was built on the Rance estuary during the 1960's and has now completed 30 years of successful operation.
	www.solarcompanies.com /tidal_wave_energy (289 words)

	NOAA, Our Restless Tides, Explanation of Astronomical Factors, Tides and Tidal Currents
		6, the difference in the height, in feet, between consecutive height and low tides occurring at a given place is known as the range.
		Such tides of diminished range are called neap tides, from a Greek word meaning "scanty".
		5) the tidal force envelope produced by the moon is canted, and difference between the heights of two daily tides of the same phase begin to occur.
	tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov /restles4.html (1171 words)

	Turbidity - Through a Water Column Darkly, Part 2
		Inlets with tidal ranges demonstrate large ranges of particulate and dissolved organic and inorganic constituents.
		These field experiments demonstrate the occurrence of rapid turbidity changes, and also indicate that the settling of TSS is highly dependent on the tidal stage and the residence time (reduced turbulence) of entrapped water after the tidal gate is closed.
		Our laboratory measurements over a continuous spectral range from 400-860 nm using a miniature fiber-optic spectrometer equipped with a high sensitivity CCD detector also confirm the correlation of reflectance over the entire wavelength range with changes in the water constituents and their concentration.
	disc.gsfc.nasa.gov /oceancolor/scifocus/oceanColor/turbid_2.shtml (1219 words)

	DEPENDENCE OF ESTUARINE TURBIDITY ON TIDAL INTRUSION LENGTH, TIDAL RANGE AND RESIDENCE TIME (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		It is shown that there is a marked tendency for long, strongly tidal estuaries to have greater SPM concentrations within their high turbidity regions than either shorter estuaries with comparable tidal ranges at their mouths, or weakly tidal estuaries.
		Using consistently derived data from 44 estuaries throughout the world, contours of the logarithm of maximum estuarine SPM concentration are shown to be reasonably smooth when plotted against the logarithm of mean spring tidal range (at the estuary mouth) and the logarithm of estuarine tidal length.
		Application of a generic tidal model demonstrates that longer estuaries possess faster tidal currents for a given tidal range at their mouth and, in the presence of a supply of erodible fine sediment, therefore (by implication) produce greater concentrations of SPM that can be accumulated within a turbidity maximum.
	www.iugg.org /iapso/abstracts/IB-01/IB01-97.htm (290 words)

	Lesson 10A: TIDES
		Using the tidal heights that occurred during a month, students will generate a tidal curve and examine the monthly tidal range.
		Tides that occur during the quarter moons with a small tidal range are Neap tides.
		Yes, when the earth is closest to the sun (perihelion), the tidal ranges will be enhanced, and when the earth is farthest from the sun (aphelion), the tidal ranges will be reduced.
	education.gsfc.nasa.gov /beta/pages/Units/Unit5/U5L10A.html (994 words)

	tide: The Magnitude and Effects of Tidal Ranges
		Near the coast, the direction of the current changes every 6 1/4 hr from toward the shore (flood current) to away from the shore (ebb current).
		In extreme cases, the tidal rise advances up the river as a solid wall of water often several feet high, a rare phenomenon called a tidal
		Densities of fecal indicator bacteria in tidal waters of the Ballona Wetlands, Los Angeles County, California.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/sci/A0861552.html (484 words)

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