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	The Tigua Indians: Food for Thought
		The Tigua Indians' arrival to this area began in 1680 as a result of the Pueblo Revolt, a bloody confrontation between the Spaniards living in Taos and Santa Fe, New Mexico, and the New Mexico Indians who included the Tewas of Isleta.
		The Tiguas serve their own bread as an accompaniment to several dishes and heap brisket and a special sauce on slices of bread as one of their specialties.
		From seventeenth-century refugees to farmers to twentieth-century restaurateurs, the Tiguas are determined to survive.
	www.epcc.edu /ftp/Homes/monicaw/borderlands/09_tigua.htm (1262 words)

	Tigua nemesis Texas attorney general to run for Senate seat : ICT [2002/01/11]
		Representatives from the Tigua tribe were still in New Orleans arguing in the U.S. 5th Circuit Court of Appeals against the state's attempt to close their Speaking Rock Casino and were unavailable for further comment at this time.
		The trial arguments between the state of Texas and the Tigua tribe began on Jan. 9 in New Orleans.
		A decision is expected soon in the Tigua case, but both parties have stated that if they lose they plan on an appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court.
	www.indiancountry.com /content.cfm?id=1010760371 (421 words)

	Tigua Indian Tribe History
		At the time of Coronado's visit to New Mexico in 1540-42 the Tigua inhabited Taos and Picuris in the north, and, as today, were separated from the middle group by the Tano, the Tewa, and the Rio Grande Queres (Keresan).
		The Tigua were first made known to history through Coronado's expedition in 1540, whose chroniclers describe their territory, the province of Tiguex, on the Rio Grande, as containing 12 pueblos on both sides of the river, and the people as possessing corn, beans, melons, skins, and long robes of feathers and cotton.
		The eastern portion of what was the southern area of the Tigua up to about 1674 was limited to a narrow strip along the eastern slope of the Manzano mountains, beginning with the pueblo of Chilili in the north, including Tajique and possibly a pueblo near the present Manzano, and ending with Quarai.
	www.accessgenealogy.com /native/tribes/pueblo/tiguaindianhist.htm (947 words)

	Pintores de Tigua: Indigenous Artists of Ecuador
		Tigua artists high in the Ecuadorian Andes are renowned for their colorful paintings of rural life.
		Not a few Tigua artists have turned their backs on the country, forsaking the rural hardships for the advantages of urban life with its abundance of tourists and art dealers.
		Tigua artists who severed their roots and still paint bucolic scenes of village life are frowned upon by those artists still living with their families in rural areas.
	www.adventure-life.com /articles/ecuadorian-artists-39.php (1280 words)

	Tigua plan 1999 - abandoned
		The Tigua Tribe is also concerned about the interpretations of their cultural property by the academic community and the representation of their culture to the public.
		Tigua oral history is rich with references to the everyday use of the Tanks including camp sites, hunting and gathering, food processing, preservation, and storage.
		The Tigua Indian Tribe claims to use 72 species of plants of which 39 (54.1%) are found in the Hueco Tanks region and 34 (47.2%) occur within the park boundaries.
	www.huecotanks.com /tigua/TIGUA.html (7534 words)

	Tigua enrollment is stalled in Senate : ICT [2001/01/03]
		The Tigua or Ysleta del Sur Pueblo is the oldest community in Texas, yet one of the newest pueblos.
		Tigua tribal leaders say they believe the Texas agriculture commissioner, who has voiced opposition to one of Tigua's trust applications, complained to Sen. Gramm's office regarding the blood quantum bill.
		Tigua council representatives say they attempted, on numerous occasions, to speak with both Sen. Gramm and the Agriculture commissioner but their calls have not been returned.
	indiancountry.com /content.cfm?id=484 (720 words)

	Archeology of Otero Mesa
		The appropriation of Tigua lands beginning in the 1870s was not a product of Tigua abandonment, but rather a practice of patenting land title through the American system of land tenure in contravention to the traditional Tigua world view of shifting landscapes, expansive catchment areas and concepts of community land rights.
		The Tigua are struggling to maintain their cultural and spiritual identity in a landscape which has been eroded considerably over the past 150 years of their 300+ year history in El Paso.
		Despite continuing struggles to maintain their culture and ethnicity, the Tigua have demonstrated a resistant and persistent identity which is validated not only by state and federal recognition, but also by the broader American Indian community which has embraced the Tigua as an authentic ethnicity and which has encouraged and supported their association and engagement.
	www.wildmesquite.org /otero/alamoMountain.htm (1623 words)

	Tigua Indians Survive
		The Tiguas were officially recognized as an American Indian tribe just 30 years ago in 1968, when President Lyndon B. Johnson signed Public Law 90-287, even though the tribe had lived in the El Paso area since 1680.
		The Spanish used Tigua labor to build what is the oldest mission in Texas today, originally known as La Misión de Corpus Christi de Ysleta del Sur to distinguish it from the northern Isleta pueblo.
		In 1960s, Tom Diamond took on the case of the Tiguas and led a long legal fight that resulted in the state of Texas recognizing the Tiguas as a distinct tribe in 1967.
	www.epcc.edu /nwlibrary/borderlands/17_tigua_indians.htm (1361 words)

	Handbook of Texas Online:
		The Tigua (Tiguex, Tiwa, Tihua) Indians of Ysleta del Sur Pueblo of El Paso are descendants of refugees from the Río Abajo or lower Rio Grande pueblos who accompanied the Spanish to El Paso on their retreat from New Mexico during the Pueblo Revolt of 1680.
		Continued repression of the Tiguas' traditional practices resulted in several conflicts with the Spaniards and culminated in the Pueblo Revolt of 1680, which drove the Spaniards to El Paso del Norte.
		The Isleta group of the Tiguas has officially recognized the Ysleta group, but some of the former continue to harbor suspicions that the Ysleta group's blood quantum is so diluted that the tribe is completely Hispanicized.
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online/articles/TT/bmt45.html (983 words)

	WowEssays.com - Tigua Indians
		Since 1680 it had been believed that the Tiguas were traitors to the Pueblo Nation, and had chose sides with the Spanish during the Pueblo Revolt.
		The remaining Tigua were shackled and used as a human shield on the treacherous trek south to El Paso.
		The Tiguas were moved from Santismo Sacramento to a nearby site to form the Pueblo of Corpus Christi de la Ysleta del Sur Pueblo where they have remained to this day.
	www.wowessays.com /dbase/aa2/lpf384.shtml (4515 words)

	tigua_alamomountain
		Likewise, the expansive Tigua use of the Rancho de Ysleta use-right in the Hueco Bolson, Franklin Mountains, Hueco Mountains, and further, was a matter of community and individual practice and not of cadastral survey and individual property title.
		The Tigua are struggling to maintain their cultural and spiritual identity in a landscape which has been eroded considerably over the past 150 years of their 300+ year history in El Paso.
		Despite continuing struggles to maintain their culture and ethnicity, the Tigua have demonstrated a resistant and persistent identity which is validated not only by state and federal recognition, but also by the broader American Indian community which has embraced the Tigua as an authentic ethnicity and which has encouraged and supported their association and engagement.
	www.oteromesa.org /tigua_alamomountain.htm (1583 words)

	Tigua Indians
		The Tigua Indians people came originally from the northern pueblos of Isleta, New Mexico.
		Tigua men dress in khaki fringed shirts and trousers belted with a wide, colorful hand-woven sash, traditionally worn on ceremonial occasions.
		After the meeting at the tuhla, the Tiguas proceed to the next symbolic building, the Ysleta Mission.
	www.epcc.edu /nwlibrary/borderlands/10_tigua_indians.htm (1184 words)

	Exotic Arts: Tagua sculptures, Tigua and naive Haitian paintings
		"Tigua" paintings are all produced by artists living in the village of Tigua, in the western region of the Corcillère Mountains in the Andes.
		The lifestyle depicted is that of farmers living in small communities, raising lamas and sheep and growing potatoes and barley on a mosaic of little plots of windswept land, as well as on the slopes and in the valleys.
		Generally speaking Tigua paintings are relatively small due to the limitations imposed by the size of the sheepskin.
	www.decorhomegallery.com /english/arts-exotiques (437 words)

	Tarahumara - Mata Ortiz - Tigua Indian Pottery - Tarahumara-Pottery
		Tigua Indian pottery large mouth vase made by hand with natural clay and hand painted with a traditional rain design pattern and colors of the Tigua Indians.
		Tigua Indian pottery wedding vase made by hand with natural clay and hand painted with a traditional rain bird design pattern and colors of the Tigua Indians.
		Tigua Indian pottery dish made by hand with natural clay and hand painted with a traditional lizard design pattern, a symbol of good luck, in the colors of the Tigua Indians.
	www.missiondelrey.com /tapo.html (2788 words)

	The Tigua Indians of Texas
		The Tigua and other Pueblos are famous for their beautiful pottery.
		The State of Texas ignored the Tigua's Spanish land grant and title to the land.
		The Tigua still respect their ancestor's religious beliefs by performing many of the old ceremonies, dances and songs.
	www.texasindians.com /tigua.htm (2351 words)

	Road plan rankles Texas' Tigua Indians - Boston.com
		But the square of dirt is a holy site for the Tigua Ysleta del Sur Pueblo tribe and the site of the tribe's original pueblo.
		The Tigua tribe, recognized as a sovereign nation in 1987, was one of several tribes forced to close lucrative casinos after being targeted by Jack Abramoff.
		A teary Rachel Quintana said she worried that destroying the Tigua site was "setting a precedent that we aren't sympathetic to their culture, their religion.
	www.boston.com /news/nation/articles/2007/09/15/road_plan_rankles_texas_tigua_indians/?rss_id=B (750 words)

	Ecuador Travel Guide - Art & Culture
		The artists of Tigua are renowned for their colorful paintings depicting village life high in the mountains of rural Ecuador.
		Despite their lack of formal training, the artists of Tigua, have gained renown throughout Ecuador and beyond for the vitality of their paintings and detailed rendering of nature and traditional life in the remote highlands.
		Most Tigua paintings are relatively small, mainly because they are limited by the size of the sheep skin.
	www.ecuador-travel-guide.org /art&culture/ecuart.htm (579 words)

	Mia Tigua - NexusWiki (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Mia Tigua is the commonly accepted name for the famous (or infamous, depending) "lost" island of Saint Germaine.
		It is said that Mia Tigua lay to the North East of Saint Germaine Island.
		The name "Mia Tigua" comes from islander polyglot and translates most directly to "My Tomb" or "Our Tomb." It is said that the island was the place of the dead, where the original Amerindian islanders buried their dead priests and kings with great ceremony (commoners were buried along the Northern shore of Northcamp Island).
	wiki.nexuswar.com /index.php/Mia_Tigua (243 words)

	Southern Baptists of Texas Convention
		Tigua's pastor, Mark Rawles, had been at the church for nearly eight years and had tried virtually everything he knew to do to help the church turn around and reach its community.
		In its efforts to improve the facility, Tigua had in recent years remodeled the sanctuary, put a rock fence around the property and made other improvements to its property to attract new members.
		After Tigua exchanged its larger facility with La Verdad's smaller church building, Tigua sold the smaller building to an apartment complex adjacent to the property.
	www.sbtexas.com /default.asp?action=article&aid=366&issue=5/15/2003 (1279 words)

	TIGUA INDIANS. Free term papers for college, book reports and research papers. Welcome to Need Essays
		Since 1680 it had been believed that the Tiguas were traitors to the Pueblo Nation, and had chose sides with the Spanish during the Pueblo Revolt.
		The remaining Tigua were shackled and used as a human shield on the treacherous trek south to El Paso.
		The Tiguas were moved from Santismo Sacramento to a nearby site to form the Pueblo of Corpus Christi de la Ysleta del Sur Pueblo where they have remained to this day.
	www.needessays.com /essay/018006.html (4629 words)

	Blue Corn Comics -- Stereotype of the Month Entry
		Arguments about whether or not the Tigua are really Indians still go on, but our legislature, in 1968, settled the question, at least legally, and recognized the Tigua as an Indian tribe.
		Downtrodden no more, the Tigua are now financially stout, even after the shutdown of their casino by the state a few years back.
		The Tigua reached an agreement in 1993 to pay part of their casino revenues to the state of Texas.
	www.bluecorncomics.com /stype461.htm (2688 words)

	Tigua Gallery
		The style is naif and the canvas is made from sheepskin wrapped over a wooden frame, nailed on the edges and allowed to dry.
		The drying process creates a taut canvass and often you can "play" your Tigua paintings as the sound when the skin is tapped, is that like that of a drum's skin.
		Tigua is located over 11,000 feet MSL so if you're a low- lander, it will take a few days to getting accustomed to the high altitude.
	theblackhornet.com /gallery/story.html (401 words)

	Texas Monthly August 1999: The Blood of the Tigua
		The construction of a $40 million Tigua housing development, which will include luxury homes and an Olympic-size pool, is already under way, as is a public relations campaign to revamp the tribe’s image and highlight the $3 million it has given to local causes.
		Most significant, however, is the Tigua’s newfound sense of manifest destiny, which has resulted in nearly a dozen lawsuits over land and water rights, as well as the purchase of the Chilicote Ranch in Valentine: a 68,000-acre spread that sits atop El Paso’s contingency water supply.
		Because of Tigua lawsuits seeking control of the city’s irrigation ditches, which the tribe claims its ancestors dug, and of the city’s water reserves in New Mexico, some city officials believe that the tribe is positioning for control of the Rio Grande—and ultimately, for El Paso’s supply of drinking water.
	www.texasmonthly.com /1999-08-01/feature4-2.php (1155 words)

	Tigua Story
		Since those days of Julio's earliest successes, the popularity of Tigua Art has spread to other villages and continues to grow in its cultural, social and economic influence.
		Tigua Paintings can be found on exhibit in the United States and Europe in galleries and museums thanks in part to the efforts of UC Berkeley based, Jean Colvin, who has worked enthusiastically to bring the best of this art to the world's attention.
		We would like to spread the word on Tigua Art, and are delighted to be able to use the internet to bring the world's attention to a most remote people and their fascinating paintings.
	www.elvispelvis.com /tiguastory.htm (341 words)

	Art Levine: Bob Ney: Crook... or Con-Man? - The Huffington Post
		Ney told the Tiguas of El Paso that a provision he was supposedly promoting in 2002 to re-open their casino actually had a good chance of passage when he knew that it never went anywhere.
		He was asked in March 2002 by Abramoff to champion the Tigua bill, by July he learned from Senator Chris Dodd that Dodd had no interest in any gambling provision being attached to election legislation - and then he flew off to Scotland for his infamous August golf trip to St. Andrews.
		Shortly after his return, Ney met with the Tigua officials at his office, charming them while relating the strong progress their bill was making in Congress - less than a month after he learned the measure was dead.
	www.huffingtonpost.com /art-levine/bob-ney-crook-or-con_b_14459.html (852 words)

	King Bush and The Search For The Tigua
		The Tigua's current governor is Vince Muñoz, who took the job in December 1996, following a bitter struggle for the position that ended in the ejection of several former officers from the tribal rolls.
		The point of all the Tigua's lawsuits, Speer suggests, is not actually to possess all of West Texas, but to use the claims as leverage to buy land on favorable terms and annex it to the reservation.
		To Diamond, criticisms of the Tigua from George Bush or anyone else are simply the latest in a centuries-long series of attempts to deny the Indians their due.
	www.bushfiles.com /bushfiles/KingBushandtheTigua.html (3428 words)

	Tiwa - TheBestLinks.com - Tigua, Spain, 1680, Pueblo people, ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Tigua, Tiwa, Spain, 1680, Pueblo people, Conquistador, El Paso, Texas, Pueblo...
		Tiwa, in Spanish Tigua, is a group of closely related languages spoken by some Pueblo people in New Mexico.
		After the revolt against the Spanish Conquistadors in 1680, a few of the Tigua fled south with the Conquistadors to El Paso, Texas, where they founded Ysleta, Texas, where they live to this day.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Tigua.html (127 words)

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