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	Encyclopedia article: Tim van Gelder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Tim van Gelder is professor of philosophy (The rational investigation of questions about existence and knowledge and ethics) at the University of Melbourne (additional info and facts about University of Melbourne).
		van Gelder is one of the foremost proponents of dynamicism (additional info and facts about dynamicism) or dynamic cognition (additional info and facts about dynamic cognition) in cognitive science (The field of science concerned with cognition; includes parts of cognitive psychology and linguistics and computer science and cognitive neuroscience and philosophy of mind).
		van Gelder is a leading proponent of argument mapping in both educational and professional contexts.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/t/ti/tim_van_gelder.htm (321 words)

	Tim van Gelder - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tim van Gelder is an associate professor of philosophy and a fellow of the Philosophy Department at the University of Melbourne.
		Van Gelder is one of the foremost proponents of dynamicism or dynamic cognition in cognitive science.
		This is a theory of cognition that proposes that dynamical systems theory provides a better model (or metaphor) for human cognition than the 'computational' model.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tim_van_Gelder (251 words)

	Computation and Dynamical Models of Mind*
		Van Gelder draws heavily on an analogy between the dynamical, centrifugal Watt governor and the functioning of the human mind to establish the validity of his dynamicist approach (p.
		Van Gelder's attempts to strengthen the role of the governor by comparing it to the Turing machine are indicative of his reluctance to assign the governor to the logically weak position of a simple example.
		Van Gelder notes that the idea of representations "clearly supported the computational conception against a behaviorism which eschewed such resources, however, it was no use against a connectionism which helped itself to internal representations, though rather different in kind than the standard symbolic variety" (p.
	watarts.uwaterloo.ca /~celiasmi/Papers/dynamics.mm.html (4103 words)

	Encyclopedia: Tim van Gelder
		A new approach in cognitive science proposed by Tim van Gelder which proposes that differential equations are a better way of modelling cognition than more traditional computer models.
		Tim van Gelder is professor of philosophy at the
		van Gelder is one of the foremost proponents of dynamicism or
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Tim-van-Gelder (631 words)

	[No title]
		It is clear that what would be lost by van Gelder's prohibition includes a great deal that is valuable: mathematical convenience, functional insight, the capacity for simulation, and the ability to bring to bear a ri ch body of mathematical results in understanding the cognitive physiology of the nervous system.
		Van Gelder does none of this, and in fact he does not reject representation, only representation by means of features of biologica l mechanisms; instead he makes vague proposals for dynamical features--e.g., "attractors" as representations.
		Van Gelder's fundamental concern is for holism, for a science of cognition that does not separate brain, body and environment into pieces that are explained by combining mechanisms internal to the parts with external relations to other systems.
	philsci-archive.pitt.edu /archive/00000139/00/van_gelder.rtf (3072 words)

	Tim Van Gelder [Definition]
		Tim van Gelder is an associate professor of philosophyPhilosophy (a combination of the Greek words philos and sophia) is understood in different ways historically and by different philosophers.
		Van Gelder is one of the foremost proponents of dynamicismDynamicism, also termed the dynamic hypothesis or the dynamic hypothesis in cognitive science or dynamic cognition, is a new approach in cognitive science proposed by Tim van Gelder.
		More recently, van Gelder has been working on reasoning and critical thinkingCritical thinking is a mental process of analyzing or evaluating information.
	www.wikimirror.com /Tim_Van_Gelder (824 words)

	Research Publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		van Gelder, T. J., Bissett, M., and Cumming, G. Cultivating Expertise in Informal Reasoning.
		van Gelder, T.J. and Rizzo, A. Reason!Able Across the Curriculum.
		In C. Davis, T. van Gelder, and R. Wales ed., Cognitive Science in Australia, 2000: Proceedings of the Fifth Australasian Cognitive Science Society Conference.
	www.philosophy.unimelb.edu.au /tgelder/Publications.html (1286 words)

	[No title]
		Van Gelder believes that there are two issues raised by this objection as posed by Kirsh.
		Van Gelder believes that Kirsh is being anti-realist by claiming that whether a cognitive agent is computational or dynamical depends on our purpose-relative point of view.
		Van Gelder believes the first issue to be an empirical one, but discusses the second one later.
	www.cnbc.cmu.edu /~noelle/researcher/mind-as-motion/discussion/06.10.97.2224.dleland.txt (1105 words)

	Tim van Gelder - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Tim van Gelder - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		This encyclopedia, history, geography and biography article about Tim van Gelder contains research on
		Tim van Gelder, Further reading, External links and Cognitive scientists.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Tim_van_Gelder (267 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		In a widely-cited article[1], van Gelder describes the 'centrifugal governor', as adopted by James Watt (1736-1819), to regulate the speed of a steam engine.
		As far as the dynamical ideas on cognition go, van Gelder and Port trace the roots of the dynamical approach to cognition to developments in cybernetics in the late forties and early fifties, and to the pioneering work on neural networks in the fifties and early sixties.
		For instance, as van Gelder and Port mention in their overview, the NETtalk network[4] is essentially a CBE-style device for learning mappings from static input representations of text segments into static outputs of phonemes.
	www.mdx.ac.uk /www/psychology/cog/psy3260/metascience.htm (3043 words)

	Tim Takes On The Ladies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Tim Henman is confident of continuing his winning sequence against Greg Rusedski on Wednesday.
		Tim Yeo is a bit of a chancer, he was caught with his pants down a few years ago and yet still has a certain
		Tim Hobbs from Telford made a winning debut as an international rally co-driver in Ireland last weekend when he partnered Guy Woodcock from Nantwich to a class victory in a Ford Escort.
	news.peem.co.uk /Comment/103c30a6ae7 (760 words)

	Staff (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Tim van Gelder is a cognitive scientist with a background in philosophy, and a specialist in reasoning skills and argument mapping.
		Tim was winner of the 2001 Eureka Prize for Critical Thinking.
		She taught Critical Thinking with Tim van Gelder for several years and was involved in researching the effectiveness of the Reason!
	www.austhink.org /staff.htm (767 words)

	Ockham's Razor - 7/05/00: Gambling For High Stakes
		Well, in fact the word from academe, rather than lala-land, indicates that the end of civilisation is more likely to come through the efforts of physics, and that now we must examine the options accordingly.
		This requires philosophical examination and so, for your edification, we’ve arranged a talk by Tim van Gelder, a professor from the University of Melbourne.
		Tim van Gelder is Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Melbourne.
	www.abc.net.au /rn/science/ockham/stories/s124364.htm (1897 words)

	MITECS: Philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		It is surprisingly difficult to find an answer within the cognitive science community to the question of whether there is a univocal notion of COMPUTATION that underlies the various different computational approaches to cognition on offer.
		While dynamicists (e.g., Port and van Gelder 1995) have sometimes been touted as providing a noncomputational alternative to both classic and connectionist cognitive science (e.g., Thelen 1995: 70), as with claims about the nonrepresentational stance of such approaches, such a characterization is not well founded (see Clark 1997, 1998).
		van Gelder and Port 1995; Horgan and Tienson 1996; and Giunti 1997).
	www.cs.buffalo.edu /pub/WWW/faculty/rapaport/575/F01/myphilintro.html (12843 words)

	Psychology at La Trobe – Tools for enhanced critical thinking
		Tim van Gelder has over the past several years been developing the Reason!able software that has proved very effective in university and school classrooms for supporting argument mapping, as the basis for effective enhancement of critical thinking.
		In this ARC-funded project (2001-2003) we are evaluating this software and the related educational materials, and are using these to test the Quality Practice Hypothesis, which proposes a promising model for the development of thinking skills.
		Van Gelder, T., Bissett, M., and Cumming, G. Cultivating expertise in informal reasoning.
	www.latrobe.edu.au /psy/cumming/comptect.html (305 words)

	Chapter 5
		Van Eemeren, F. H., Grootendorst, R., Henkemans, F. S., Blair, J. Johnson, R. H., Krabbe, E. W., et al.
		Van Gelder, T. How to improve critical thinking using educational technology.
		This program was developed by Tim van Gelder and Andy Bulka (programmer) at the University of Melbourne and used in teaching in 1998.
	kmi.open.ac.uk /projects/VisualizingArgumentation/chapter_5.html (610 words)

	The Australian Skeptics Eureka Prize For Critical Thinking (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		The prize was accepted by Dr Tim van Gelder of the Department of Philosophy, University of Melbourne.
		method, Dr van Gelder investigated whether or not critical thinking may be taught and if so, what is the most effective method of doing so.
		Dr van Gelder looked at current critical thinking courses before proposing and testing an alternative.
	www.austmus.gov.au /eureka/2001/skeptics.htm (391 words)

	Reason!: Improving Informal Reasoning Skills (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		van Gelder, T. Argument Mapping with Reason!Able (pdf file).
		van Gelder, T.J. and Rizzo, A. (2001) Reason!Able Across the Curriculum.
		van Gelder, T.J., Williams, N., Di Nicolantonio, R., and Kemm, R. (1999) Critical thinking in physiology: A Reason!-able approach.
	www.philosophy.unimelb.edu.au /reason (519 words)

	Phil/Psych 256, Week 11, Dynamics and the Social
		Van Gelder's view is more radical: take the Watt governor as a prototype, and dispense with any notion of explicit represenation, and dispense with connectionist structure as well: just give equations that describe the behavior of the system.
		van Gelder's model has the same limitations as Brook's robots, blindly responding to the world.
		We need a model of mind as both situated in the world and able to think about it with a fair degree of freedom, which requires the representational theory of mind.
	cogsci.uwaterloo.ca /courses/Phil256/Phil256.Week11.2004.html (1109 words)

	Trinity College Learning Innovation Centre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Tim van Gelder and Austhink were fundamental to the establishment of the Trinity LIC.
		These are now located in the Learning Innovation Centre and we have begun the process of familiarising interested staff in how to make the most of the facilities.
		The paper describes the educational and operational benefits we have accrued by using open source software and argues for it as an extremely attractive alternative to proprietary alternatives.
	www.trinity.unimelb.edu.au /lic/activities.shtml (921 words)

	ICT in Education Volume 25 No 1 - Reason!Able across the curriculum
		Tim van Gelder, University of Melbourne and Alberto Rizzo, Melbourne Grammar School
		This paper illustrates Reason!Able in use, then describes some of the underlying educational principles, results from a recent study evaluating learning in students using Reason!Able.
		Tim van Gelder, University of Melbourne and Alberto Rizzo, Melbourne Grammar School (2002).
	www.acce.edu.au /JournalDB/ShowDetails.asp?ArticleID=285 (105 words)

	OpinionJournal - Taste
		The Experts and Expertise page of Tim van Gelder's Critical Thinking on the Web makes no claims for comprehensiveness.
		van Gelder, a philosophy professor in Melbourne, Australia, has pulled together summaries of and links to a baker's dozen essays and studies that shake the foundations of authority in art, business, criminal justice, psychotherapy, wine snobbery, literary criticism and punditry.
		van Gelder puts it, "shows that art experts can't distinguish between Mondrian's paintings and randomly generated pseudo-Mondrians"; the confessions of Steven Moss, an expert witness, who says, "I quickly learned not to worry whether or not I was right"; and Mark Halpern's look at punditry: "Experts and authorities are forever making predictions.
	www.opinionjournal.com /taste?id=110003648 (761 words)

	Dynamical Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Port, Robert F. (Editor) - Van Gelder,Timothy (Editor), Mind As Motion : Explorations in the Dynamics of Cognition, Cambridge MA: MIT Press.
		" in Rescogitans) - Tim van Gelder is an associate professor (Principal Fellow) in the Department of Philosophy, University of Melbourne.
		van Gelder, T. (1995), "What might cognition be if not computation?" in Journal of Philosophy 92: pp.
	lgxserver.uniba.it /lei/mind/topics/00000034.htm (936 words)

	KLI Theory Lab - Authors - Tim Van Gelder
		KLI Theory Lab - Authors - Tim Van Gelder
		van Gelder, T. The dynamical hypothesis in cognitive science.
		van Gelder, T. What might cognition be, if not computation?
	www.kli.ac.at /theorylab/AuthPage/V/Van_GelderT.html (53 words)

	[No title]
		Tim van Gelder in a way summarizes the case: at least sometimes, it is virtually enough just to elicit and diagram an argument.
		van Bruggen makes the point that CSAV "is primarily used for the solution of ill-structured problems" (p27) - the term goes back to Herbert Simon, and is certainly in the same area as wicked problems.
		Van Gelder starts slowly, recapitulating the basic comparison of argument in text versus diagrams, but arrives at
	i.f.alexander.users.btopenworld.com /reviews/kirschner.htm (1890 words)

	CriticalThinking.NET (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		A good general critical thinking site has been organized by Tim van Gelder of the University of Melbourne.
		Van Gelder's Web site is also useful, as is Ennis' site (both mentioned above).
		In addition to the Web sites listed, the broadest of which is van Gelder's, there are many other web sites that can be discovered by doing a search for "critical thinking" through your browser or some other search engine.
	www.criticalthinking.net (392 words)

	Tim van Gelder - Bio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Tim van Gelder is Associate Professor (Principal Fellow) in the Department of Philosophy, University of Melbourne; a Research Fellow in Trinity College, and a principal of Austhink, a Melbourne-based consulting and training group.
		After an undergraduate degree at the University of Melbourne, Tim completed a PhD in philosophy and cognitive science at the University of Pittsburgh.
		He then taught at Indiana University before returning to Melbourne as an Australian Research Council fellow.
	www.philosophy.unimelb.edu.au /tgelder/bio.html (176 words)

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