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Topic: Time constraints

	CPU Reservations and Time Constraints
		Thus, it is possible to assign specific future time intervals for the execution of the time constraint, both from the activity of the thread requesting the time constraint and from the free intervals.
		Constraints that fail to complete within their estimated amount of time are prevented from making others late or stealing time from other activities' reservations since the scheduler switches to the next constraint in deadline order once the late constraint's time allotment has expired.
		While free CPU time is plentiful, constraint feasibility is hardly influenced by the reservation, but once it becomes scarce, the reservation guarantees sufficient time to respond in approximately 500ms (50ms of work with a 10% reservation), unlike the no-reservation case where the response time is unbounded.
	research.microsoft.com /~mbj/papers/sosp97/sosp97.html (11752 words)

	An Overview of the Rialto Real-Time Architecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Time constraints allow a thread to specify the timeliness requirements for the execution of a block of code to the system, allowing the system to attempt to schedule execution of the code so as to be able to meet those requirements.
		Similarly to the feedback used with time constraints, this resource self-awareness is achieved by observing the resources actually used when doing specific tasks, and then reserving those resource amounts in order to be able to guarantee sufficient resources to do those tasks predictably on an ongoing basis.
		Run-by times for threads without constraints are advanced by the time run times the activity’s scale factor times the number of runnable threads in the activity.
	www.barrera.org /rialto/rialto.htm (4499 words)

	Time Constraint Scoping and Priorities
		In either case, the timeliness of the thread's execution through the deadline's scope is measured by the value of the time constraint's time/utility function (or degenerate special case) at the time the thread execution terminates (whether before or after the deadline).
		Such constructs for specifying actual time constraints on code regions executed by a thread first appeared in the Alpha distributed real-time OS kernel [Clark et al.
		In a distributed real-time system, time constraints must be interpreted uniformly, so the system must have global physical time that is appropriately well synchronized at each node.
	www.real-time.org /timeconstraintscopes.htm (584 words)

	CPU Reservations and Time Constraints
		A Time Constraint is a dynamic request issued by a thread to the scheduler that the code associated with the constraint be run to completion between the associated start time and deadline.
		The requesting thread is either guaranteed that sufficient time has been assigned to perform the specified amount of work when requested or it is immediately told via a return code that this was not possible, allowing the thread to take alternate action for the unsatisfiable constraint.
		Providing time constraints that can be guaranteed in advance, even when the CPU resource reservation is insufficient or non-existent, is one feature that sets Rialto and Rialto/NT apart from other constraint- and reservation-based schedulers.
	www.cs.utah.edu /~regehr/papers/usenixnt99/RialtoNT.html (6699 words)

	Real Time Constraints (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		A real-time constraint applied to a trigger specifies the amount of time allowed between the time that the transition is triggered (the specified event occurs or the condition becomes true) and the time the object leaves the prior state and enters the transition.
		When a real-time constraint applies to a set of actions or time that covers more than a single state or transition, path markers are used.
		Applying this to figure 4, this diagram indicates that time a feeder leaves the prepare food state until the feeder leaves the feed monkeys state should be less than one hour.
	osm7.cs.byu.edu /eric/RTC.html (393 words)

	Introduction to JavaRealTime (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The sleep time provides a decent approximation of the period of the task, but if the time the operation takes to execute is comparable to the sleep time, the period is actually the sum of the two.
		Unless the execution time of the task is constant, there now is no way to determine the period of this task.
		The worst case execution time is a upper bound on the execution time of a task, generated by analysis of the source code.
	www.eecs.berkeley.edu /~jimy/java/JavaRealTime/intro.html (1029 words)

	SMIL 2.0 Timing and Synchronization
		The timing model is defined by building up from the simplest to the most complex concepts: first the basic timing and simple duration controls, followed by the attributes that control repeating and constraining the active duration.
		When a begin time is specified as a syncbase variant, a marker value or a wallclock value, the defined time must be converted by the implementation to a time that is relative to the parent time container (i.e.
		Time dependents defined relative to the end of this element should be resolved using the computed active end (which may be in the past), and not the observed active end.
	www.w3.org /TR/2005/REC-SMIL2-20050107/smil-timing.html (8768 words)

	Time Constraints
		Any given thread may perform any combination of time-constrained ("real-time") and non-time-constrained ("non-real-time") actions, as explained on the Time Constraint Scopes and Priorities page; real-time research and practice both usually presume the special case that an execution entity (e.g., thread) is either real-time or non-real-time in its entirety.
		First we consider deadlines -- the best-known case of time constraints, and yet one that is not well understood in the community of real-time computing practitioners (at least).
		Following that, we look at time constraints as a programming construct -- their lexical scoping, and their semantics in comparison to priorities.
	www.real-time.org /timeconstraints.htm (165 words)

	ESP's Constraints
		This data consists of the time windows during which the activity is to be performed, the maximum performance duration, the separation between performances, the minimum and maximum step durations, and the minimum and maximum step delays.
		This time period, which is defined as a minimum and maximum separation between performances, must be non-negative.
		To calculate performance separation time, the beginning and end of an activity performance are based upon the scheduling of those steps which are necessary for all performances.
	liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov /Shuttle/mplan/esp/constraints.html (1970 words)

	Enforcing Compile-time Constraints (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Enforcing this constraint is easy: the compiler tries to invoke this operator for the given type.
		More abstract constraints such as "must have a base class" or "must be a POD type" require more code maneuvers and resourcefulness from the programmer.
		Use "constraint templates" to automate the enforcement of compile-time constraints.
	www.devx.com /cplus/10MinuteSolution/24908 (606 words)

	Call for Papers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The International Society for the Study of Time announces its thirteenth triennial conference, from July 28th to August 3rd 2007, on the theme of Time: Limits and Constraints.
		Limits and constraints are rich terms that suggest many lines of conceptual and applied investigation into the study of time across all academic disciplines and fields of creative endeavor.
		Limits and constraints of temporal processes are as important and powerful for what they produce as what they prevent; they demarcate the parameters of emergence as much as endings.
	www.studyoftime.org /Conference/Announcement/default.aspx (983 words)

	A free Sales Training Article by Dave Kahle ~ Dealing With Your Customer's Time Constraints'
		Time, more than money, is the precious commodity of the Information Age.
		If you're not going to have as much time in front of the customer as you'd like, then you must concentrate on making the time that you do have as valuable and productive as possible.
		You'll find it easier to make appointments and get time with your customers when you've built in them the expectation that the time spent with you will be well worth the cost of it.
	www.davekahle.com /article/constraints.htm (1588 words)

	Mobile Multiplayer Gaming, Part 1: Real-Time Constraints
		Overall, the foremost and critical problem for a real-time game is the network's latency, the time between sending a request and receiving a response.
		The casual pick-me-up-put-me-down mode of play typical of mobile gamers is completely at odds with conventional multiplayer designs, which emphasize congregating in a game lobby until all players are ready to begin a game together.
		The slower pace allows users to react to other players actions in real time even under poor network conditions; delays in receiving updates from other players are rarely noticed.
	developers.sun.com /techtopics/mobility/midp/articles/gamepart1 (2831 words)

	Lightning: Time constraints yield tight schedule
		After catching a glimpse at the NHL schedule, which was released Wednesday, the Lightning might need to draw up plans to stress conditioning even more.
		Because the NHL is taking 16 days off (Feb.12-27) for the Olympics, a compressed schedule has the Lightning playing on back-to-back nights a whopping 19 times this season.
		It doesn't leave the Eastern time zone after Jan.20, and in the final month of the season, the Lightning's only road trips are three visits to Sunrise to play the Panthers, two visits to Raleigh, N.C., to play the Hurricanes and one visit to Washington to play the Capitals.
	www.sptimes.com /2005/07/28/Lightning/Time_constraints_yiel.shtml (579 words)

	Dr. Dobb's \| Overloading to Enforce C++ Compile-time Constraints \| May 18, 2005
		The constraint in question is called must_have_base, which as the name suggests, enforces the fact that one class is derived from another.
		It takes the address of the constraints method, rather than calling it, to ensure minimal runtime impact, no matter how dense the compiler it's used with.
		The imperfection in the constraint is that it doesn't prevent the template parameters, D and B, from having the same type.
	www.ddj.com /184407752 (574 words)

	CPU Reservations and Time Constraints (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Varieties of constraints are described in [Northcutt 88, Wall et al.
		guaranteed time constraint scheduling with accurate a priori feasibility analysis.
		Threads within each activity are scheduled round-robin unless time constraints or thread synchronization primitives dictate otherwise.
	research.microsoft.com.cob-web.org:8888 /~mbj/papers/sosp97/sosp97.html (11760 words)

	Time Constraints (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		A lack of time is considered a major barrier to school restructuring efforts.
		When efforts to link students with integrated services are undertaken, the challenge of time constraints increases substantially.
		Prisoners of Time, the National Education Commission on Time and Learning proposes recommendations for putting the issue of time at the top of the nation's education reform agenda.
	www.ncrel.org /sdrs/areas/issues/students/atrisk/at5time.htm (58 words)

	Maintaining Constraints in Real-Time Data Management Systems
		In particular, we are examining applications that involve real-time responsiveness in diverse environments (which are not related in any way to this project other than as sources that provide application specific information): a reconfigurable manufacturing automation environment (i.e., see http://erc.engin.umich.edu), and a scientific research collaboratory (i.e., the UARC project at University of Michigan).
		Maintaining constraints in a data management environment in a real-time manner is becoming increasingly important.
		Often, practical limitations or application requirements indicate the kind of time constraints required, and it becomes the responsibility of the system to provide the support to meet these correctness and timing constraints.
	www.cs.ucla.edu /csd/IDM99/Proceedings/Summaries/Soparkar.htm (820 words)

	The Real-Time Specification for Java
		The Real-Time Specification for Java (RTSJ) is the definitive reference to the semantics, extensions, and modifications to the Java programming language that enable the Java platform to meet the requirements and constraints of real-time system predictability, performance, and capabilities.
		The newly developed RTSJ enables the creation, verification, analysis, execution, and management of code written for the Java platform for which the correctness conditions, timeliness, and execution predictability are paramount.
		This specification provides programmers with the ability to model applications and program logic that require predictable execution which meets hard real-time constraints.
	java.sun.com /docs/books/realtime (352 words)

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