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	Learn more about Luminiferous aether in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		In the late 19th century the luminiferous aether ("light-bearing aether") was invoked as the medium for the propagation of light, when it was discovered, from Maxwell's equations, that light is an electromagnetic wave.
		However, this theory required that matter moving through the aether should modify the velocity of the aether and that because of dispersion the relative velocity of medium and aether would be different for different wavelengths, thus requiring a different aether for each wavelength of light.
		It rather easy to create aether theories which conform to the null result of the Michelson-Morley experiment, but it becomes increasing difficult to create theories that are consistent with all of the related experiments which are consistent with no aether.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /l/lu/luminiferous_aether.html (1142 words)

	Luminiferous aether - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the late 19th century the luminiferous aether ("light-bearing aether"), or ether, was a substance postulated to be the medium for the propagation of light.
		This was initially interpreted to mean that the medium drags the aether along, with a portion of the medium's velocity, but that understanding was rejected after Wilhelm Veltmann demonstrated that the index n in Fresnel's formula depended upon the wavelength of light (so that the aether could not be moving at a wavelength-independent speed).
		Aether theory was dealt another blow when the Galilean transformation and Newtonian dynamics were both modified by Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity, giving the mathematics of Lorentzian electrodynamics a new, "non-aether" context.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Luminiferous_aether (3192 words)

	Luminiferous aether - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		In the late 19th century the luminiferous aether ("light-bearing aether"), or ether, was a substance postulated to be the medium for the propagation of light.
		This was initially interpreted to mean that the medium drags the aether along, with a portion of the medium's velocity, but that understanding was rejected after Wilhelm Veltmann demonstrated that the index n in Fresnel's formula depended upon the wavelength of light (so that the aether could not be moving at a wavelength-independent speed).
		The aether theory was finally abandoned when the Galilean transformation and Newtonian dynamics were both modified by Albert Einstein's theory of relativity.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Luminiferous_ether (2774 words)

	Luminiferous aether - Iridis Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		To account for the apparent incompatibility between this and the free movement of the planets, Stokes suggested that the aether might be (by analogy with pine pitch) rigid at very high frequencies and fluid at lower speeds.
		Aether drag was contradicted by the observations of stellar aberration, a change in angle of light from a star due to the Earth's motion, by James Bradley in 1725 and again by George Airy 1871, which were not consistent with an aether that moved with the Earth.
		The aether theory was finally abandoned when the Galilean transformation and Newtonian dynamics were both modified by Albert Einstein's theory of relativity.
	www.iridis.com /Aether_theory (2112 words)

	PowerPedia:Aether theories - PESWiki
		Aristotle included aether in the system of the classical elements of Ionic philosophy as the "fifth element" (the quintessence), on the principle that the four terrestrial elements were subject to change and moved naturally in straight lines while no change had been observed in the celestial regions and the heavenly bodies moved in circles.
		The aether drag hypothesis is historically important because it was one of the reasons why Newton's corpuscular theory of light was replaced by the wave theory and it is used in early explanations of light propagation without relativity theory.
		The aether drag hypothesis was one of the arguments used in an attempt to explain the Michelson-Morley experiment before the widespread acceptance of the special theory of relativity.
	peswiki.com /index.php/PowerPedia:Aether_theories (10293 words)

	:.Indian Encyclopedia.: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		A century later, however, Young and Fresnel realized that light could be a transverse wave rather than a longitudinal wave—the polarization of a transverse wave (like Newton's "sides" of light) could explain birefringence, and in the wake of a series of experiments on diffraction the particle model of Newton was finally abandoned.
		Of particular interest was the possibility of aether entrainment, which would lower the magnitude of the measurement, perhaps enough to explain MM's experiments which showed a drift that was 10 times less than expected.
		Modern scientific theories of the ancient aether (http://www.mountainman.com.au/aetherqr.htm) - a categorised compendium of articles relating to the emergence of scientific theories that reference the aether, or quantum foam of space.
	www.indianencyclopedia.com /index.php?title=Luminiferous_aether (2794 words)

	Timeline of Luminiferous Aether - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Timeline of Luminiferous Aether begins in the late 19th century with the concept of the aether ("light-bearing aether"), or ether, as a medium for electromagnetic propagation.
		The so-called Sagnac effect was considered excellent evidence for aether at the time, but was later explained via general relativity, although the explaination remains contensious..
		Harold Aspden's crystalline theory of the aether -- originally appeared in the late 1950s and is quite well thought out.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Timeline_of_Luminiferous_Aether (1441 words)

	Luminiferous aether - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lorentz and Fitzgerald offered a more elegant solution to how the motion of an absolute aether could be undetectable (length contraction), but if their equations were correct, the new special theory of relativity (1905) could generate the same mathematics without referring to an aether at all.
		Aether theory was dealt another blow when the Galilean transformation and Newtonian dynamics were both modified by Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity, giving the mathematics of Lorentzian electrodynamics a new, "non-aether" context.
		Modern scientific theories of the ancient aether - a categorised compendium of articles relating to the emergence of scientific theories that reference the aether, or quantum foam of space.
	alcor.concordia.ca /~vpetkov/courses/Luminiferous_aether.html (3987 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		In the late 19th century, luminiferous aether (or ether), meaning light-bearing aether, was the term used to describe a medium for the propagation of light.
		Nevertheless, by this point the mechanical qualities of the aether had become more and more magical: it had to be a fluid in order to fill space, but one that was millions of times more rigid than steel in order to support the high frequencies of light waves.
		Aethers were invented for the planets to swim in, to constitute electric atmospheres and magnetic affluvia, to convey sensations from one part of our bodies to another, and so on, until all space had been filled three or four times over with aethers....
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=luminiferous_aether (5061 words)

	Luminiferous aether - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		To account for the apparent incompatibility between this and the free movement of the planets, Stokes suggested that the aether might be (by analogy with pine pitch) rigid at very high frequencies and fluid at lower speeds.
		In this theory the aether was dragged by large masses, so that that local speed was always that of the nearest massive object, in this case the Earth.
		Aether drag was contradicted by the observations of stellar aberration, a change in angle of light from a star due to the Earth's motion, by James Bradley in 1725 and again by George Airy 1871, which were not consistent with an aether that moved with the Earth.
	www.music.us /education/L/Luminiferous-aether.htm (2354 words)

	Luminiferous aether -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		A century later, however, (Any immature animal) Young and Fresnel realized that light could be a transverse wave rather than a longitudinal wave—the polarization of a transverse wave (like Newton's "sides" of light) could explain birefringence, and in the wake of a series of experiments on diffraction the particle model of Newton was finally abandoned.
		He also suggested that the absence of longitudinal waves suggested that the aether had negative compressibility; but (Click link for more info and facts about George Green) George Green pointed out that such a fluid would be unstable.
		Another, completely different, attempt to save aether was made in the (Click link for more info and facts about Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction hypothesis) Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction hypothesis, which posited that everything was affected by travel through the aether.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/lu/luminiferous_aether.htm (2943 words)

	Aether theories Summary
		Because of this, the aether concept was commonly referred to as luminiferous aether during this period.
		Where LET said that constant velocity through the aether was undetectable, SR used this undetectability to reject the concept of an underlying aether as superfluous, and replaced a notional state of aether motion with it with the concept of the inertial frame.
		"Aether and the theory of relativity"[[6]] was a title used by Einstein in a lecture on general relativity and aether theory.
	www.bookrags.com /Aether_theories (2823 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Luminiferous aether
		Maxwell noted in the late 1870s that detecting motion relative to this aether should be easy enough—light traveling along with the motion of the Earth would have a different speed than light traveling backward, as they would both be moving against the unmoving aether.
		Without referral to an aether, this physical interpretation of relativistic effects was shared by Kennedy and Thorndike in 1932 as they concluded that the interferometer's arm contracts and also the frequency of its light source "very nearly" varies in the way required by relativity.
		Presuming the aether the medium sustaining all physical fields and forces, the aether-space is the universal physical space".
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Luminiferous_aether (4535 words)

	Timeline of Luminiferous Aether - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		the Timeline of Luminiferous Aether begins in the late 19th century with the concept of the aether ("light-bearing aether"), or ether, as a medium for electromagnetic propagation.
		Harold Aspden's crystalline theory of the aether -- originally appeared in the late 1950s and is relatively well thought out.
		Emergent Modern Theories of the Ancient Aether -- links to pages that entertain and develop the hypothesis of the existence of the aether.
	www.music.us /education/T/Timeline-of-Luminiferous-Aether.htm (904 words)

	Michelson-Morley experiment - Questionz.net , answers to all your questions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		They reasoned that, if the luminiferous aether was real, the Earth would at all times be moving through it like a plane through the air, and producing a detectable "aether wind".
		The effect of the aether wind on light waves would be like the effect of a strong current in a river on a swimmer, moving at a constant speed, back and forth between two points.
		Similarly, the effect of an "aether wind" would be that it would take slightly longer for a beam of light to travel round-trip in the direction parallel to the aether wind than it would for a beam of light to travel the exact same round-trip distance at right angles to the wind.
	www.questionz.net /Albert_Einstein/Michelson-Morley.html (1046 words)

	Luminiferous aether explained (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The luminiferous aether: it was hypothesised that the Earth moves through a "medium" of aether that carries light In the late 19th century the luminiferous aether ("light-bearing aether"), or ether, was a substance postulated to be the medium for the propagation of light.
		Another experiment purporting to show effects of an aether was Fizeaus 1851 experimental confirmation of Fresnels 1818 prediction that a medium with refractive index n moving with a velocity v would increase the speed of light traveling through the medium in the same direction as v from c/''n'' to: :
		I felt sure at the time that my heroic conduct was of distinct and shaking him good-humoredly, "you murderous little pacifist you forget it?" Mitchell chuckled and shook his head, "As far as requisite under military orders.
	www.wordspider.net /lu/luminiferous-aether.html (2854 words)

	Aether Theories - Collation of Scientific Theories of the Aether
		He further suggested that the aether also may be responsible for electricity, magnetism, light, radiant heat, and the motion of living things that he, like his contemporaries, thought was the consequence of some source beyond inanimate matter.
		The source of that additional factor lays with the 'aether' which, along with the atmosphere, is being disturbed as a result of the motion of the aircraft.
		An aether model based upon a degenerate Fermion fluid, composed primarily of electrons and positrons in a negative energy state relative to the null state or true vacuum, is proposed and its consequences are explored for physics and cosmology.
	www.mountainman.com.au /aether.html (8821 words)

	Aether theory. Who is Aether theory? What is Aether theory? Where is Aether theory? Definition of Aether theory. ...
		Auguste Piccard and Ernest Stahel at Mont Rigi produce a null result.
		Pease perform the Pearson experiment and produce a null result.
		Kuerti perform a debated analysis of Miller's positive results.
	www.knowledgerush.com /kr/encyclopedia/Aether_theory (1039 words)

	Anti Relativity : Evidence Against the Theory of Relativity
		If this guy ever figures out he's talking about aether, his research will be the forefront of aether technology.
		However, I do not personally agree with the authors interpretation of Aether's implications.
		Aether (Akasha), Vedic Philosophy and Nicola Tesla - by Toby Grotz
	www.anti-relativity.com /links.htm (1584 words)

	Sketches of the history of Electromagnetics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		George Francis FitzGerald (1851-1901) suggests that bodies contract in the direction of motion against the luminiferous aether by an amount which would account for the null results coming from the Michelson-Morley experiments on aether motion.
		Albert Einstein (1879-1955) analyzes the phenomena of the photoelectric effect and theorizes that light may be taken to be made up of vast amounts of packets of electromagnetic radiation in discrete units.
		By the 1820's, the conception of a luminiferous ether which pervaded all of space and allowed for the transmission of electrical and magnetic action becomes the common property of physicists and engineers.
	history.hyperjeff.net /electromagnetism.html (3157 words)

	LUMINIFEROUS AETHER FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Maxwell himself proposed several mechanical models of aether based on wheels and gears and George_FitzGerald even constructed a working model of one of them.
		A few physicists (like Dayton_Miller and Edward_Morley) continued research on the aether for some time, and occasionally researchers still explore these concepts.
		Much like aether, it picks a privileged reference frame and is therefore incompatible with Lorentz_invariance, a symmetry of special_theory_of_relativity.
	www.enablepay.com /luminiferous_aether (2828 words)

	Luminiferous aether (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		To explain this apparent contradiction the Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction hypothesis was proposed but the aether theory was finally abandoned when the Galilean transformation and the dynamics of Newton were modified by Albert Einstein's theory of relativity and when many experiments subsequent to Michelsom-Morley failed to find any evidence of aether.
		Some classic field physicists (like Dayton Miller and Edward Morley) continued research on the aether.
		OCR scan of the aether listing in the 1911 edition encyclopedia page 1
	www.theezine.net /l/luminiferous-aether.html (1056 words)

	A Dissident View of Relativity Theory by William H. Cantrell, Ph.D.
		High school science students are conditioned to ridicule the concept of a nineteenth-century luminiferous aether with eye-rolling and giggling.
		This aether would have a density distribution with altitude that is not unlike that of the Earth’s atmospheric density.
		A very sensitive and precise aether drift experiment might be able to detect this component if conducted at higher altitudes to lessen the slowing effects to a partially entrained aether.
	www.infinite-energy.com /iemagazine/issue59/adissidentview.html (6469 words)

	EINSTEIN WAS WRONG - THE AETHER THEORY ARGUMENT
		In 1905 Albert Einstein killed off the Aether by postulating that it did not exist.
		The Aether Theory of Gravity (ATG) shows that gravitational acceleration is due to refraction in the Aether.
		I have found that in general, the academic community will not entertain criticism of Einstein or the possibility of an Aether and neither will journals publish papers on the subject, hence the reasons for this website, which I hope will initiate more debate on the subject.
	www.aethertheory.co.uk (336 words)

	Heinrich Rudolf Hertz - Iridis Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		In 1885 he became a full professor at the University of Karlsruhe where he discovered electromagnetic waves.
		Following Michelson's 1881 experiment (precursor to the 1887 Michelson-Morley experiment) which disproved the existence of luminiferous aether, he reformulated Maxwell's equations to take the new discovery into account.
		Through experimentation, he proved that electric signals can travel through open air, as had been predicted by James Clerk Maxwell and Michael Faraday, and which is the basis for the invention of radio.
	www.iridis.com /Heinrich_Hertz (316 words)

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