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Topic: Timeline of classical mechanics

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	Timeline - SIMILE
		View an iCal (.ics) URL as a Timeline
		The Historical Event Markup and Linking Project [1] generates SVG timelines, maps and animated maps from documents conforming to its XML markup language for historical events.
		LongView, a project of the The Long Now Foundation, is a server side python script for generating HTML timelines from simple datafiles of comma separated values.
	simile.mit.edu /wiki/Timeline (422 words)

	Classical mechanics: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		Classical mechanics is subdivided into statics (which deals with objects in equilibrium) and dynamics (which deals with objects in motion).
		In particular, classical electrodynamics predicts that the speed of light is constant to all observers, a prediction that is difficult to reconcile with classical mechanics and which led to the development of special relativity.
		When combined with classical thermodynamics, classical mechanics leads to the Gibbs paradox[?] in which entropy is not a well-defined quantity and to the ultraviolet catastrophe in which a flbody is predicted to emit infinite amounts of energy.
	www.encyclopedian.com /ne/Newtonian-mechanics.html (1383 words)

	People in classical mechanics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		In physics, Classical mechanics is one of the two major sub-fields of study in the science of mechanics, which is concerned with the motions of bodies, and the forces that cause them.
		However, the emergence of classical mechanics was a decisive stage in the development of science, in the modern sense of the term.
		Classical mechanics is used to describe the motion of human-sized objects, from projectiles to parts of machinery, as well as astronomical objects, such as spacecraft, planets, stars, and galaxies, and even microscopic objects such as large molecules.
	peopleclassmech.net.ru (1197 words)

	More on Quantum Mechanics
		Quantum mechanics predicts at least three classes of phenomena that classical mechanics and classical electrodynamics cannot account for: (i) the quantization (discretization) of certain physical quantities, (ii) wave-particle duality, and (iii) quantum entanglement.
		An alternative formulation of quantum mechanics is Feynman's path integral formulation, in which a quantum-mechanical amplitude is considered as a sum over histories between initial and final states; this is the quantum-mechanical counterpart of action principles in classical mechanics.
		Another difficulty with quantum mechanics is that the nature of an object isn't known, in the sense that an object's position, or the shape of the spatial distribution of the probability of presence, is only known by the properties (charge for example) and the environment (presence of an electric potential).
	www.artilifes.com /quantum-mechanics.htm (3712 words)

	Copenhagen . Glossary \| PBS
		Quantum theory, or quantum mechanics, is the physical theory that attempts to describe the motions of atomic and sub-atomic particles.
		Perhaps the most interesting distinction between quantum mechanics and classical physics is that in the classical theory, if a particle's position and momentum are known at some point, together with all forces acting on it, then its motion at any time in the future can be known exactly.
		A principle of quantum mechanics developed by Werner Heisenberg in the 1920s which asserts that it is not possible to determine the position and momentum of a particle at the same instant.
	www.pbs.org /hollywoodpresents/copenhagen/glossary.html (1608 words)

	History of computing Antiquity : 1620 - 1671
		The mechanism is said to be designed for the astronomer Kepler who wanted to perform calculations on the paths of stars and other celestial bodies.
		The mechanisms were always out of alignment and only Pascal and one of his workmen could fix them.
		It uses auxiliary dials instead of a carry mechanism and this required the user to re-enter the numbers manually.(18) This is the first calculator in the UK.
	www.thocp.net /timeline/1620.htm (1319 words)

	Quantum Physics
		And yet, there is a huge body of experimental and mathematical evidence that the laws of quantum mechanics are obeyed, showing that quantum states have to be described by mixing the possible outcomes in a form of wave function, which only collapses into a definite outcome when the observation takes place.
		Quantum mechanics predicts that the choice of the axis for the first measurement of spin will alter the results of measurement of spin of the second particle, in a manner which is not consistent with the notion that the two particles have separated and become independent.
		Quantum mechanics seems to contradict the idea that, prior to measurement, a particle is a point-like object with an unknown position, and appears to say that the particle is actually a wave spread over space.
	www.kheper.net /cosmos/quantum_physics/quantum_physics.htm (3060 words)

	Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics (MCE) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Application of the principles of thermodynamics and fluid mechanics to the design of rotating machinery such as turbines, compressors, centrifugal and axial flow pumps.
		Emphasis on mechanical and chemical methods of wear detection, and strain and optical techniques of stress evaluation.
		Mechanics of material behavior from the micro structural viewpoint; physical mechanisms of Deformation and Fracture; continuum Mechanics and thermodynamics; rheological classification of solids; thermodynamics and viscoelasticity; plasticity and viscoplasticity; damage mechanisms; applications to metals, ceramics and composites.
	www.uri.edu /catalog/cataloghtml/courses/mce.html (1682 words)

	Quantum Mechanics Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The problem was, classic electrodynamics and statistical physics predicted that the flbody spectrum would race off to infinity as the frequency increased, not roll over in a bell curve as shown at left.
		He develops matrix mechanics, in which pure numbers representing the energy and momentum of electron orbitals are manipulated without any regard for what they might mean in terms of a physical picture.
		A picture gradually emerges in which quantum mechanical particles (such as the photon or the electron) come to be seen as entities unto themselves – neither particles nor waves, nor even some kind of hybrid particle/wave "duality".
	www.physics.northwestern.edu /Phyx103/web/quantum-timeline.html (5811 words)

	Transcending the Control System: Timeline Dynamics
		Timeline dynamics is essentially about temporal feedback loops between the present and its available range of probable futures.
		While fear is completely lacking, you still reinforce their timeline and thereby increase how much force they can use against you.
		Some miracles are intentionally inserted into the timeline as a matter of divine intervention, but they also happen as a consequence of natural law.
	montalk.net /matrix/122/timeline-dynamics (3131 words)

	ORO: Oxford Reference Online: Premium Collection sample entries
		The second postulate, which denied the validity of classical electrodynamics for radiative processes in atoms and made the frequencies of atomic spectral lines different from the orbital frequencies of the electronic motions, required surrendering the classical connection between the frequency ν of the emitted radiation and the mechanical frequency of the electron in its orbit.
		Its guiding principles were satisfaction of Bohr's correspondence principle (in the appropriate limit the theory should yield the classical results); recognition that the troubles of the "old quantum theory" arose primarily from breakdown of the kinematics underlying classical dynamics; and restriction of the theory to relations between observable quantities.
		In contrast to classical physics, which contained no scale and was assumed to apply both in the micro and macro domain, quantum mechanics asserted that the physical world presented itself hierarchically.
	www.oxfordreference.com /pages/samplep10 (1943 words)

	[No title]
		Before they ended with the crash of the stock market in 1929, which triggered the Great Depression, the twenties produced such human and technological accomplishments as the invention of television and the jet engine, and the first transatlantic solo flight by Charles Lindbergh in 1927.
		Out of range of public clamor, this exhilarating atmosphere also produced what might be called the greatest achievement in the history of physics: the development of quantum mechanics.
		It broke with classical physics even more radically than Special and General Relativity -- and for three quarters of a century it has passed all experimental tests.
	timeline.aps.org /aps/Timeline/Middle.cfm?DecadeYear=1925 (366 words)

	A timeline of mathematics and theoretical physics
		Born and Jordan point out to him that this is a matrix algebra, and the matrix formulation of quantum mechanics is born.
		Gerard 't Hooft publishes his proof that the electroweak gauge theory of Weinberg is renormalizable and a new chapter in theoretical physics begins -- the age of quantum gauge field theory.
		Stephen Hawking combines quantum field theory with classical general relativity and predicts that fl holes radiate through particle emission, behave as thermodynamic objects, and decay with a finite lifetime into objects that we don't yet understand.
	superstringtheory.com /history/history3.html (2102 words)

	Science Timeline
		The mathematics itself is the deterministic 'classical' mathematics of classical waves.
		In 1926, de Broglie attempted to obviate the quantum mechanical conundrum 'wave or particle' by maintaining instead that it is 'wave and particle,' reasoning that "quantum phenomena do not exclude a uniform description of the micro and macro worlds..., system and apparatus" (Bell 1987:175).
		Dirac went on to say that this principle forms the foundation of quantum mechanics, and is completely opposed to classical mechanics since this principle requires indeterminacy in the results of observations.
	www.sciencetimeline.net /1926.htm (5301 words)

	A Timeline of Structural Theory
		In large part the science of chemistry is concerned with modelling the chemical structure of matter and understanding the nature of the chemical bond.
		The red arrow is used to represent act of "conversion from quantum to classical" and it is used twice, between the Bohr atom and Lewis theory, and between VB theory and VSEPR theory.
		Classical mechanics represents atoms as spheres that bond together and exhibit valency.
	www.meta-synthesis.com /webbook/30_timeline/timeline.html (4046 words)

	Mrs. Murphey-Jones' Quest for Perfection: Classical Music - A TimeLine WebQuest
		Classical music is a term often used to describe the long tradition of "serious" music from the European Middle Ages to the present.
		The classics are often associated with orchestral music, but they also include solo music for instruments, opera, and choral music.
		An explanation of the impact of classical music on modern culture.
	www.coe.ufl.edu /webtech/Timemachine/music/Classical/Classical.htm (877 words)

	FUN
		timeline - a brief history of the universe.
		classical - course notes and problems in classical mechanics, including some cool problems on classical mechanics in imaginary time.
		harmonic - discreteness and the role of compact groups and double covers in the quantum mechanics of spin and the harmonic oscillator.
	math.ucr.edu /home/baez/FUN.html (1155 words)

	TIMELINE 2nd MILLENIUM B.C. page of ULTIMATE SCIENCE FICTION WEB GUIDE
		Confucius was born in the state of Lu during an era when local rulers failed to pay homage to the emperor of a Chou dynasty in decline.
		An acorn, for example, is a seed that could become an oak." Time line for the history of science and social science c.340 BC "Aristotle proposed that Earth is a sphere, that space is continuous and always filled with matter.
		Knowing that the Earth is spheric, and the measured angle between both places is 7 degrees, the circumference of the spheric earth is approximately 50 times that distance, that is approximately 40,000 km, surprisingly close to the actually known values.
	www.magicdragon.com /UltimateSF/timeline1KBC.html (7141 words)

	Timeline: Classical Mechanics and Free Fall - SIMILE
		Timeline: Classical Mechanics and Free Fall - SIMILE
		Facts about Timeline: Classical Mechanics and Free Fall — Click + to find similar pages.
		This page was last modified 12:00, 2 August 2007.
	simile.mit.edu /wiki/Timeline:_Classical_Mechanics_and_Free_Fall (40 words)

	List of themed timelines - Internet-Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Timeline is a 1999 science fiction novel by Michael Crichton
		Timeline is a 2003 film based on the novel.
		Find list of themed timelines and more at the #1 online resource for all of your online needs.
	www.internet-encyclopedia.com /ie/l/li/list_of_themed_timelines.html (356 words)

	Site Contents at the free Online Encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		You are here: Online Encyclopedia > Site Map pg 7 > Timeline of Slovene...
		Timeline of U.S. attack on Afghanistan in January 2002
		In a household, clothes hangers are the single one item that you own the most of, yet no one can name even one brand?
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /index_321.html (136 words)

	1971 at progressiverock.com
		Side two began with Hawkwind's first classic, "Master Of The Universe", centered on a main riff that wouldn't be out of place in a Black Sabbath tune.
		Both were full of VDGG mechanics - the relative calm of "Man-Erg" pierced by Banton's hammering organ, while "Lemmings" reached down to even darker imagery, both lyric and sonic.
		The album contained some classic Gong repertoire: the simple riff of "You Can't Kill Me" is Allen's testimony to the events in Paris during the 1968 student uprisings.
	www.progressiverock.com /timeline.asp?sYear=1971 (6366 words)

	Mathematical Chronology
		It is a compilation of treatises on mathematics, mechanics, and related areas.
		Wallis publishes his Mechanica (Mechanics) which is a detailed mathematical study of mechanics.
		It summarises all the work done in the field of mechanics since the time of Newton and is notable for its use of the theory of differential equations.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Chronology/full.html (6672 words)

	Timeline of Robotics part 1
		At the Heilbrunn chateau in Germany, a mechanical theatre is created featuring 119 animated figures that perform a play about village life to the accompaniment of a water-powered organ.
		This was closely followed by his second automaton that played a flute and a drum or tambourine, but by far his third was the most famous of them all.
		The Mechanical Trumpeter constructed by Friedrich Kaufmann in 1810.
	www.thocp.net /reference/robotics/robotics.html (2816 words)

	Sketching the History of Statistical Mechanics and Thermodynamics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Boltzmann formulates a statistical mechanical version of the second law of thermodynamics in the paper, "On the Relation Between the Second Law of the Mechanical Theory of Heat and the Probability Calculus with Respect to the Theorems on Thermal Equilibrium".
		Gibbs publishes Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics, his treatise on the subject, deriving common thermodynamic properties from particle statistics, giving his full account of ensemble theory and their relationships (including the so-called "Gibbs paradox," though there was nothing paradoxical about it at the time).
		Einstein publishes a paper on the photoelectric effect, basing his analysis on an analog of the statistical mechanical approach for classical electromagnetic fields modelled as quanta of light.
	history.hyperjeff.net /statmech.html (6788 words)

	Relativity Timeline
		His study of mechanics led to a description of uniform motion referred to as the Galilean transformations.
		Roy Glauber was recognized for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence in which he described the behavior of light particles known as photons.
		Present William Harter uses Doppler shifted light to derive space-time relativity and various properties of classical and quantum mechanics.
	www.uark.edu /ua/pirelli/html/contributors.html (458 words)

	History From Atom to Bomb - Timeline
		Werner Heisenberg demonstrates that all statements about the movement of a particle are governed by the uncertainty relationship: the more accurately you know its position, the less accurately you know its velocity and vice versa.
		Niels Bohr relates Heisenberg's particle theory and Schrodinger's wave theory through the complementarity principle, according to which the behavior of an electron can be understood completely only by descriptions in both wave and particle form.
		Werner Heisenberg opens the new era of nuclear physics by using neutron theory to apply quantum mechanics to the structure of the nucleus.
	www.ntshf.org /fromatom.htm (622 words)

	Ephilosopher :: Metaphysics and Epistemology :: Determinism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		(3) Also in classical physics (I'm not sure if this is the same as (2), it may not be) there are cases where the final state of a system can be altered by a finite amount by making an arbitrarily small change in the initial conditions.
		One example from classical mechanics was a symmetric collision between 3 ideal billiard balls.
		Under some interpretations of quantum mechanics quantum chaos is genuinely indeterminant, at least that’s my interpretation of the article on decoherence.
	www.ephilosopher.com /phpBB_14-action-viewtopic-topic-828.html (1825 words)

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