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Topic: Timeline of vaccines

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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Timeline of vaccines
		Vaccines have contributed to the eradication of smallpox, one of the most contagious and deadly diseases known to man. Other diseases such as rubella, polio, measles, mumps, chickenpox, and typhoid are nowhere near as common as they were just a hundred years ago.
		A vaccine (named after vaccinia, the infectious agent of cowpox, which, when innoculated, provides protection against smallpox) is used to prepare a human or animal's immune system to defend the body against a specific pathogen, usually a bacterium, a virus or a toxin.
		Dissenters falsely suggest that modern vaccines might result in outbreaks of smallpox (in fact, they contain no smallpox virus: they contain live vaccinia virus), and suggest that infections in the past originated (as in the small vaccinia outbreak in England in 1961), spread in greater proportion, and/or were more lethal amongst the vaccinated.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Timeline-of-vaccines (402 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Immunization
		Vaccination is the process of administering pathogens that cant reproduce (due to being weakened or dead) to a healthy person or animal, with the intent of conferring immunity against a targeted form of a related disease agent.
		Vaccination Vaccination is the process of administering pathogens that cant reproduce (due to being weakened or dead) to a healthy person or animal, with the intent of conferring immunity against a targeted form of a related disease agent.
		Vaccines that provide active immunization are made in a variety of ways, depending on the type of disease and the organism that causes it.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Immunization (2123 words)

	Vaccine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A vaccine is an antigenic preparation used to produce active immunity to a disease, in order to prevent or ameliorate the effects of infection by any natural or 'wild' strain of the organism.
		Vaccines may be living, weakened strains of viruses or bacteria which intentionally give rise to inapparent-to-trivial infections.
		Vaccines have contributed to the eradication of smallpox, one of the most contagious and deadly diseases known to man. Other diseases such as rubella, polio, measles, mumps, chickenpox, and typhoid are nowhere near as common as they were just a hundred years ago.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vaccine (1749 words)

	NIP: Vacc/Vaccines Timeline
		Vaccines for Children (VFC) program established to provide access to free vaccines for eligible children at the site of their usual source of care.
		On April 12, 1955, the Salk polio vaccine was declared “safe, effective and potent.” Since that date, great strides have been made in reducing and eliminating vaccine-preventable diseases in the United States.
		Since the introduction of the vaccine, great strides have been made in significantly reducing the health impact of vaccine-preventable diseases among children and adults worldwide.
	www.cdc.gov /niP/vaccine/vacc-timeline.htm (968 words)

	Vaccine - Medical Encyclopedia
		A vaccine (named after vaccinia, the infectious agent of cowpox, which, when innoculated, provides protection against smallpox) is used to prepare a human or animal's immune system to defend the body against a specific pathogen, usually a bacterium, a virus or a toxin.
		Advocates of routine vaccination argue that side effects of approved vaccines, whilst real, are either far, far less serious than actually catching the disease, or are very rare, and argue that the calculus of risk/benefit ratio should be based on benefit to humanity rather than simply on the benefit to the immunized individual.
		Dissenters falsely suggest that modern vaccines might result in outbreaks of smallpox (in fact, they contain no smallpox virus: they contain live vaccinia virus), and suggest that infections in the past originated (as in the small vaccinia outbreak in England in 1961), spread in greater proportion, and/or were more lethal amongst the vaccinated.
	www.nursingstudy.com /encyclopedia/Vaccine.html (771 words)

	Learn more about List of themed timelines in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Timeline of quantum mechanics, molecular physics, atomic physics, nuclear physics, and particle physics
		Timeline is the title of a 1999 historical / science fiction novel by Michael Crichton.
		Timeline is also the title of a 2003 motion picture based on the novel.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /l/li/list_of_themed_timelines.html (277 words)

	GuruNet — Content Map
		Timeline of U.S. attack on Afghanistan in December 2001
		Timeline of U.S. attack on Afghanistan in November 2001
		Timeline of U.S. attack on Afghanistan in October 2001
	www.gurunet.com /cm-dsname-Wikipedia-dsid-2222-letter-1T-first-24851 (119 words)

	Immunization Timeline and the History of Vaccines - Keep Kids Healthy
		We recently passed the 50 year anniversary of the Salk polio vaccine and it is a good time to think about the history of vaccines which have made great strides 'in reducing and eliminating vaccine-preventable diseases in the United States' and worldwide.
		Menactra, a new meningococcal vaccine is approved for people between the ages of 11 to 55 years of age.
		RotaTeq is a new rotavirus vaccine from Merck.
	www.keepkidshealthy.com /welcome/immunizations/immunization_timeline.html (882 words)

	MI Conference Series 7 \| Solving the Vaccine Shortage: Market Solutions or Government Intervention?
		If vaccines are difficult and time-consuming to produce, the regulatory approval process for new and existing vaccines is equally complex and protracted, with timetables that are difficult to predict.
		Thimerosal in vaccines has not been shown to be harmful; continuing to use the existing vaccines until the process changes were implemented would have minimized the shortage or prevented it entirely.
		With safety (which is the primary issue in vaccines that might be contaminated with live virus) as a secondary issue here, the pivotal policy question for the FDA was the criteria for determining the efficacy of this new vaccine.
	www.manhattan-institute.org /html/mics7.htm (4977 words)

	HHS - National Vaccine Program Office (NVPO) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Vaccine research and development can be accelerated during the inter-pandemic period by preparing and testing candidate vaccines for influenza strains that have pandemic potential, conducting research that will guide optimal vaccine formulation and schedule, and assessing techniques that can enhance manufacturing yields using current and prospective production methods.
		To shorten the timeline to vaccine availability in a pandemic, develop collections (libraries) of novel influenza strains that may cause a pandemic; prepare reagents to diagnose infection and evaluate candidate vaccines; and develop high-growth reference strains that can be used for vaccine production.
		Conduct research to develop new influenza vaccines that are highly efficacious, are easier to administer, or that are directed against a constant portion of the influenza virus and thus sidestepping the need to develop a new vaccine every year to match the predominant viral strains that are most likely to cause disease.
	www.hhs.gov /nvpo/pandemicplan/exec_summ.html (4249 words)

	Vaccine (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The process of ditributing and administrating vaccines is referred to as vaccination.
		Vaccines have contributed to the eradication of Smallpox, one of the most contagious and deadly diseases known to man. Other diseases such as rubella, polio, measles, mumps, chickenpox, and typhoid are no where near as common as they were just a hundred years ago.
		Advocates of routine vaccination argue that side effects of approved vaccines are either far less serious than actually catching the disease, or are very rare, and argue that the calculus of risk/benefit ratio should be based on benefit to humanity rather than simply on the benefit to the immunized individual.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/V/Vaccine.htm (1668 words)

	CAPS Publications - Vaccine Research Monograph (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In 1982, a hepatitis B vaccine was developed with the assistance of the pharmaceutical company Merck, but because of previous efforts to keep the epidemic quiet, the public remained largely ignorant of the danger of the disease or the new potential to prevent it.
		If vaccine efficacy studies were done in low-risk populations, there would such a small number of HIV exposures, and such a small difference in the number of infections between the vaccine and placebo groups that investigators would not be able to tell for sure if the vaccine was having any effect.
		Vaccine trials will require a series of complex and difficult decisions, including which candidate vaccines to test, when to begin large-scale human trials, whether or not to expand intermediate sized trials, and how to use the cohorts and Phase III infrastructure when vaccine products are not available for testing.
	www.caps.ucsf.edu /capsweb/publications/monograph1.html (9217 words)

	AVAC - Library
		The search for a vaccine for HIV promises to require decades of work by researchers and sustained optimism on the part of trial volunteers and the public.
		Vaccines for HIV are not the first to require multiple human trials over many years.
		The vaccine for haemophilus influenzae type B (HIB) was developed over a 17-year period and involved hundreds of thousands of individuals in human trials.4 The HIB vaccine may have limited application as a model of the social dynamics of HIV vaccine research, however.
	www.avac.org /lib/libVT3b.htm (646 words)

	PATH: GAVI Alliance will finance rotavirus vaccines in world's poorest countries
		Established four years ago, RVP is one of GAVI’s Accelerated Development and Introduction Plans, charged with gathering evidence on the burden of rotavirus disease, the efficacy of rotavirus vaccines in developing countries, and the cost and benefits of their use, in order to build a case for investment by the global health community.
		Countries that were represented in the initial clinical trials to prove the vaccines’ safety and efficacy, particularly those in Latin America, will be among the first to adopt rotavirus vaccines, and support activities will focus on helping those countries prepare applications for funding and document the impact of these vaccines.
		PATH is working with the vaccine manufacturers to conduct clinical trials to test vaccine efficacy in resource-poor populations of Asia and Africa.
	www.path.org /news/pr061128_gavi_rvp.php (666 words)

	Timeline of vaccines - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This is a timeline of the development of prophylactic human vaccines.
		Early vaccines may be listed by the first year of development or testing, but later entries usually show the year the vaccine finished trials and became available on the market.
		Although vaccines exist for the diseases listed below, only smallpox has been eliminated worldwide.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Timeline_of_vaccines (133 words)

	Timeline of vaccines - Information from Reference.com
		There are no dictionary entries for Timeline of vaccines, but Timeline, of, vaccines are spelled correctly.
		Vaccine Timeline - The Impact of New Technologies in Medicine...
		This is a timeline of the development of vaccines.
	dictionary.reference.com /search?q=Timeline%20of%20vaccines (271 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Health \| High hopes for fridge-free jabs
		Vaccines need to be refrigerated, a process known as the "cold chain", to protect them against extreme temperatures.
		But this can prove tricky in some areas of the world and it is estimated about half of all vaccinations are wasted each year because of contamination or exposure to extremes of temperature.
		In vaccines, it is used to produce a dry vaccine which reactivates once it is injected into the body.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/health/3754504.stm (581 words)

	Vaccines: Events/50thPolio/Timeline
		On April 12 at the University of Michigan, Dr. Francis announces field trial results: Salk vaccine is “safe, effective and potent.” Dr. Francis’s Vaccine Evaluation Center becomes the model for future vaccine trials.
		Oral polio vaccine, developed by Dr. Albert Sabin, is licensed for use in the United States.
		The U.S. Public Health Service recommends that the oral vaccine be discontinued in the United States, and a modified IPV becomes the preferred vaccine.
	www.cdc.gov /vaccines/events/polio-vacc-50th/timeline.htm (652 words)

	Timeline of vaccinations - A timeline of vaccinations from the...
		Overview: A timeline of vaccinations from the eighteenth century to the present day.
		This is a timeline of the development of vaccines.
		Although vaccines exist for many human diseases, only smallpox has been eliminated worldwide and these diseases continue to causes ten's of millions of deaths each year.
	www.askbaby.com /topic/timeline-vaccinations.htm (242 words)

	Timeline of vaccines in TutorGig Encyclopedia
		This is a timeline of the development of prophylactic human vaccines.
		Early vaccines may be listed by the first year of development or testing, but later entries usually show the year the vaccine finished trials and became available on the market.
		Although vaccines exist for the diseases listed below, only smallpox has been eliminated worldwide.
	www.tutorgig.com /ed/Timeline_of_vaccines (200 words)

	[No title]
		Vaccination is a term coined by Edward Jenner Latin : vacca—cow cowpox virus smallpox, a deadly and highly contagious disease.
		Louis Pasteur anthrax rabies vaccine Generically the process of protecting against an by "priming" the immune system immunogen immunization vaccine In a great triumph for public health and scientific medicine, vaccination campaigns have eliminated smallpox throughout the world and restricted polio mumps, measles and rubella rare.
		A vaccine (named after vaccinia cowpox, which, when inoculated, provides protection against smallpox) is used to prepare a human or animal 's immune system pathogen, usually a bacterium, a virus or a toxin virulence, or a toxoid inoculation.
	www.en-cyclopedia.com /index1/v (1942 words)

	Site Contents at the free Online Encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Timeline of the 2001 anthrax attacks in Florida
		Timeline of the 2001 anthrax attacks in New York
		In a household, clothes hangers are the single one item that you own the most of, yet no one can name even one brand?
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /index_322.html (170 words)

	overview
		Recommendations for the administration of vaccines in the United States are determined by public health officials associated with health organizations such as the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP), the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP), the National Vaccine Advisory Committee, and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP).
		Generally, inactive vaccines are more tolerated than live, attenuated vaccines that may elicit febrile conditions, particularly in children.
		Live vaccines can potentially revert to more virulent forms, leading to the manifestation of disease on rare occasions; immunosuppressed individuals are not to receive live, attenuated vaccinations.
	www.stanford.edu /group/virus/1999/tommysat/overview.htm (765 words)

	CISP
		Vaccine Information Statements (VISs) are statements describing vaccines that are covered by the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act (NCVIA).
		The timeline charts major milestones in vaccine development, administration, and safety since 1955, the year inactivated polio vaccine was licensed in the United States.
		Although there is overwhelming evidence to show that vaccination is a highly effective method of controlling infectious diseases, a vocal element of the chiropractic profession maintains a strongly antivaccination bias.
	www.cispimmunize.org /pro/communication.html (414 words)

	UK MMR vaccines timeline (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Pluserix-MMR and Immravax vaccines contain the Urabe strain of mumps vaccine virus whereas the MMR II vaccine contains the Jeryll Lynn strain of mumps vaccine virus.
		In the autumn of 1994 the Government feared an epidemic of measles and so a decision was made to vaccinate all children between the ages of 5 and 16 with the Measles/Rubella vaccine.
		As far as is known the active constituents of these two vaccines are exactly the same as those in the withdrawn MMR vaccines except that the mumps component has been removed.
	www.whale.to /v/mmrtl.html (204 words)

	A Timeline of the Thimerosal Controversy
		Thimerosal is used as a preservative in multidose vials of both vaccines.
		This is the first step in the legal process for parents seeking compensation for alleged adverse effects of vaccines on their children.
		A California study finds that a three-fold increase in classic autism diagnoses in the state between 1987 and 1998 is real, and cannot be explained as a result of improved diagnostic techniques and case-finding.
	www.motherjones.com /news/featurex/2004/03/ttp_timeline.html (1294 words)

	Accelerating AIDS Vaccine Development \| A Global Public Good
		The timeline from candidate vaccines to market is too long and must be compressed, particularly if the needs of less-developed nations are to be met.
		Scientists, policy makers, and industry must work together to streamline the timeline and ensure that an effective AIDS vaccine is developed and distributed globally as rapidly as possible.
		The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) is a public-private partnership dedicated to accelerating the development and distribution of an AIDS vaccine and making an AIDS vaccine everyone's priority.
	www.nyas.org /ebrief/miniEB.asp?ebriefID=332 (248 words)

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