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Topic: Timocharis of Alexandria

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	Timocharis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Timocharis of Alexandria (circa 320 BC - 260 BC) was a Greek astronomer and philosopher.
		Likely born in Alexandria, he was a contemporary of Euclid.
		The Timocharis crater on the Moon is named after him.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Timocharis (163 words)

	History of Egypt, by S. Rappoport, Volume 10, B.
		Alexandria, the capital of the kingdom, was not only the largest trading city in the world, but was one of the most favoured seats of learning.
		It went through the streets of Alexandria to the royal tents on the outside of the city, where, as in the procession, everything that was costly in art, or scarce in nature, was brought together in honour of the day.
		Among other buildings, Philadelphus raised a temple in Alexandria to the honour of his father and mother, and placed in it their statues, made of ivory and gold, and ordered that they should be worshipped like the gods and other kings of the country.
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/docs/books/gutenberg/1/7/3/3/17330/17330-h/v10b.htm (18672 words)

	Timocharis
		Over 150 years later, Hipparchus would compare his own star catalogue to Timocharis' and discover that the longitude of the stars had changed over time, which led him to determine the first value of the precession of the equinoxes.
		Timocharis was the first known astronomer to make a recorded observation of the planet Mercury, in 265 BC.
		The Timocharis crater on the Moon is named in his honor.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/t/ti/timocharis.html (140 words)

	Ptolemy (c. 100-168)
		An Egyptian astronomer, mathematician, and geographer, also known as Claudius Ptolemaeus, who worked at the great library in Alexandria and based his astronomy on the belief that all heavenly bodies revolve around Earth (see Ptolemaic system).
		He authored a 13-volume work called Mathematical Syntaxis, better known by its later Arabic name, the Almagest, which is a compendium of the astronomical works of Hipparchus, Aristotle, and others, and represents the most complete description of the Universe as it was then understood.
		Although no longer in serious use, the catalogue lists 1,022 stars visible from Alexandria and was used as a standard in the Western and Arab worlds for over a thousand years.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/P/Ptolemy.html (233 words)

	Timocharis
		Timocharis (circa 320 B.C.) was a Greek philosopher.
		Timocharis was probably born in Alexandria and was Euclid's (circa 365-275) contemporary.
		With Aristillus[?] he made the first star catalogue, which later helped Hipparchus to determine the first value of the precession of the equinoxes.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ti/Timocharis.html (51 words)

	Greek astronomy
		Aristarchus, Timocharis and Aristyllus were three astronomers who all worked at Alexandria and their lives certainly overlapped.
		Aristyllus was a pupil of Timocharis and in Maeyama [Centaurus 27 (3-4) (1984), 280-310.',23)" onmouseover="window.status='Click to see reference';return true">23] analyses 18 of their observations and shows that Timocharis observed around 290 BC while Aristyllus observed a generation later around 260 BC.
		Alexandria in the second century AD saw the publication of Ptolemy's remarkable works, the Almagest and the Handy Tables, the Geography, the Tetrabiblos, the Optics, the Harmonics, treatises on logic, on sundials, on stereographic projection, all masterfully written, products of one of the greatest scientific minds of all times.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/HistTopics/Greek_astronomy.html (3542 words)

	Star catalogue - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was the standard star catalogue in the Western and Arab worlds for over a thousand years.
		Ptolemy's catalogue was based almost entirely on an earlier one by Hipparchus from the 2nd century BC (Newton 1977; Rawlins 1982).
		An even earlier star catalogue was that of Timocharis of Alexandria, which was written about 300 BC and later used by Hipparchus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Star_catalogue (2023 words)

	Hipparchus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		He then a solar eclipse presumably that of 14 March 190 BC It was total in the region the Hellespont (and in fact in his place Nicaea); at the time the Romans preparing for war with Antiochus III in the area and the is mentioned by Livy in his Ab Urbe Condita VIII.2.
		Alexandria at about 31° North and the region the Hellespont at about 41° North; authors Strabo and Ptolemy had fairly decent values these geographical positions and presumably Hipparchus knew too.
		Ptolemy compared his catalogue those of Aristyllus Timocharis Hipparchus and the of Agrippa and Menelaus of Alexandria from the early 1st century and he finally confirmed Hipparchus' empirical that poles of the celestial equator in Platonic year (approximately 25 777 sidereal years) the ecliptical pole.
	www.freeglossary.com /Hipparchus (5703 words)

	Hipparchus
		Hipparchus had in 134 B.C. ranked stars in six magnitude classes according to their brightness: he assigned the value of 1 to the 20 brightest stars, to weaker ones a value of 2, and so forth to the stars with a class of 6, which can be barely seen with the naked eyes.
		After that from 141 B.C. to 126 B.C. mostly on the island of Rhodes, again in Alexandria and in Siracuse[?], and around 130 B.C. in Babylon, during which period he made a lot of precise and lasting observations.
		Ptolemy compared his catalogue with those of Aristyllus, Timocharis, Hipparchus and the observations of Agrippa and Menelaus of Alexandria from the early 1st century and he finally confirmed Hipparchus empirical fact that poles of celestial equator in one Platonic year or approximately in 25777 years encircle ecliptical pole[?].
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/hi/Hipparchus.html (2282 words)

	Alexandria and her Schools by Charles Kingsley (1854) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		By observations made at Alexandria, he ascertained its latitude compared with that of Syene; and so ascertained what proportion to the whole circumference was borne by the 5000 stadia between Alexandria and Syene.
		He fell into an error, by supposing Alexandria and Syene to be under the same meridians of longitude: but that did not prevent his arriving at a fair rough result of 252,000 stadia--31,500 Roman miles; considerably too much; but still, before him, I suppose, none knew whether it was 10,000, or 10,000,000.
		For there was not one school of Metaphysic at Alexandria: there were two; which, during the whole period of their existence, were in internecine struggle with each other, and yet mutually borrowing from each other; the Heathen, namely, and the Christian.
	www.isidore-of-seville.com /hellenistic/AlexandriaKingsley.htm (11663 words)

	alexandria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Related phrases: hero of alexandria cyril of alexandria alexandria library philo of alexandria athanasius of alexandria hypatia of alexandria pope theodosius of alexandria alexandria bay, new york celadion of alexandria kreuzzug gegen alexandria
		athanasius the alexandria quartet theon of alexandria therapeutae theurgy timocharis abyssinian church acephali ahmed h.
		Alexandria Union Station is a historic train station in Alexandria, Virginia south of Washington, D.C. To avoid confusion with nearby Washington Union Station it is usually referred to locally as simply Alexandria Station.
	www.vocamania.com /alexandria.aspx (1078 words)

	History of the Conflict
		Alexandria was not merely the capital of Egypt, it was the intellectual metropolis of the world.
		The library in the Museum was burnt during the siege of Alexandria by Julius Cæsar.
		While thus the Scientific School of Alexandria was founded on the maxims of one great Athenian philosopher, the Ethical School was founded on the maxims of another, for Zeno, though a Cypriote or Phoenician, had for many years been established at Athens.
	www.meta-religion.com /World_Religions/Articles/history_of_the_conflict.htm (8534 words)

	Amazon: So You'd Like To... - View Guide "Explore the Astronomical Megalopolis" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Megalopolis 'Great City' of Alexandria, is deemed more influential than any other in world history, was the greatest cultural capital of the ancient world, for eight centuries, from its establishment to its Arab invasion, took its place in scientific thought and remained the core of the western mind.
		Alexandria was a city of the mind, as its founder Alexander, was a student of Aristotle.
		The helenized Egyptian 'New Mathematics' of Alexandria enabled men to travel by land and overseas, measured the distance to the farthest stars, and estimated the number of sand grains in the universe.
	www.amazon.com /gp/richpub/syltguides/fullview/JMLP0ITUDVXY?ie=UTF8&Version=1&entries=0 (1337 words)

	CalendarHome.com - 320 BC - Calendar Encyclopedia
		Estimation: Alexandria in Macedonian Egypt becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Babylon in Macedonian Babylonia.
		Perdiccas, the Macedonian regent, is assassinated in Egypt by his lieutenants Seleucus, Peithon, and Antigenes, who offer the regency to Perdiccas's opponent, the Egyptian satrap Ptolemy.
		Timocharis of Alexandria, Greek astronomer responsible for the first recorded observation of Mercury and the first star catalogue.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /320_BC.htm (286 words)

	Hipparchus...SciPeeps.com
		There is a strong tradition that Hipparchus was born in Nicaea (Greek ???a?a), ancient district Bithynia, (modern-day Iznik in province Bursa), in what today is Turkey.
		He described it in a work (now lost), called toon en kuklooi eutheioon (Of Lines Inside a Circle) by Theon of Alexandria (4th century) in his commentary on the Almagest I.10; his table seems to have survived in astronomical treatises in India, for instance the Surya Sidhanta.
		Ptolemy gives an extensive discussion of Hipparchus' work on the length of the year in the Almagest III.1, and quotes many observations that Hipparchus made or used, spanning 162 BC to 128 BC.
	www.scipeeps.com /hipparchus.html (6700 words)

	Precession(wikipedia) - GameWiki
		He measured the ecliptic longitude of the star Spica during lunar eclipses and found that it was about 6° west of the autumnal equinox.
		By comparing his own measurements with those of Timocharis of Alexandria (a contemporary of Euclid who worked with Aristillus early in the 3rd century BCE), he found that Spica's longitude had decreased by about 2° in about 150 years.
		Ptolemy compared his own observations with those made by Hipparchus, Menelaus of Alexandria, Timocharis, and Agrippa.
	www.theorderoftime.com /game/wiki/index.php?title=Precession(wikipedia)&redirect=no (3188 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Most of what is known about Hipparchus comes from Ptolemy's (2nd century) Almagest, with additional references to him by Pappus of Alexandria and Theon of Alexandria (4th century) in their commentaries on the Almagest; from Strabo's Geographia ("Geography"), and from Pliny the Elder's Naturalis historia ("Natural history") (1st century).
		It was also observed in Alexandria, where the Sun was reported to be obscured 4/5ths by the Moon.
		Comparing his measurements with data from his predecessors, Timocharis and Aristillus, he realized that Spica had moved 2Â° relative to the autumnal equinox.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Hipparchus_(astronomer) (5823 words)

	Draper: History of the Conflict Between Religion and Science
		I have devoted a few pages to the story of these marvelous campaigns, for the military talent they fostered led to the establishment of the mathematical and practical schools of Alexandria, the true origin of science.
		While thus the Scientific School of Alexandria was founded on the maxims of one great Athenian philosopher, the Ethical School was founded on the maxims of another, for Zeno, though a Cypriote or Phœnician, had for many years been established at Athens.
		Laplace says that the only observation which the history of astronomy offers us, made by the Greeks before the school of Alexandria, is that of the summer solstice of the year B. 432, by Meton and Euctemon.
	www.positiveatheism.org /hist/draper01.htm (8349 words)

	Hipparchus
		The year 127 BC is usually cited as the last date known for his actual work, and a French astronomer, Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Delambre (1749-1822), clearly demonstrated that some observations of Hipparchus on the star Eta Canis Majoris could well have been carried out in that year.
		The term is still in current use, although the phenomenon is more usually referred to merely as "precession." This notable discovery was the result of painstaking observations worked upon by an acute mind.
		Hipparchus observed the positions of the stars and then compared his results with those of Timocharis of Alexandria about 150 years earlier and with even earlier observations made in Babylonia.
	abyss.uoregon.edu /~js/glossary/hipparchus.html (1752 words)

	Astronomers-Zoom Astronomy Glossary
		Hypatia of Alexandria (AD 370(?)-415) was a Greek mathematician, astronomer, teacher, and head of the Platonist school at Alexandria about AD 400.
		She was the daughter of the mathematician and philosopher Theon of Alexandria (he was also the last head of the Museum at Alexandria).
		Timocharis was a Greek scientist who observed stars around 290 BC and was an apparent influence on Hipparchus.
	www.allaboutspace.com /subjects/astronomy/glossary/Astronomers.shtml (6026 words)

	Aeschylus Forever Lost
		This Philadelphus had much increased the library of Alexandria, which during his lifetime counted two hundred thousand volumes, and which in the sixth century attained, it is said, the incredible number of seven thousand manuscripts.
		Particular care was taken of this manuscript when the library of Alexandria, augmented by the library of Pergamus, which Antony gave to Cleopatra, was transferred to the temple of Jupiter Serapis.
		It was during this period that the complete copy of Aeschylus was exposed to the perusal of Timocharis, Aristarchus, Athenæus, Stobæus, Diodorus of Sicily, Macrobius, Plotinus, Jamblichus, Sopater, Clement of Alexandria, Nepotian of Africa, Valerius Maximus, Justin the Martyr, and even of Ælian, although Ælian left Italy but seldom.
	www.theatrehistory.com /ancient/aeschylus003.html (977 words)

	Star catalogue
		Most of the recent catalogues are available in electronic format and can be freely downloaded from NASA's Astronomical Data Center and other places (see links at end).
		Although no longer in serious use, mention should be made of Ptolemy's star catalogue published in the 2nd century as part of his Almagest, which lists 1022 stars visible from Alexandria and was the standard star catalogue in the Western and Arab worlds for over a thousand years.
		Ptolemy's catalogue was based to some extent on an earlier one by Hipparchus from the 2nd century B.C. An even earlier star catalogue was that of Timocharis of Alexandria[?], which was written about 300 B.C. and later used by Hipparchus.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/st/Star_catalogue.html (1149 words)

	Malaspina Great Books - Hipparchus (190 BCE)
		He is believed to be the greatest Greek astronomer observer and he is at the same time entitled the greatest astronomer of ancient times, although Cicero still though about Aristarchus of Samos.
		By comparing his own measurements of the position of the equinoxes to the star Spica with those of Euclid's contemporaries Timocharis of Alexandria and Aristil 150 years earlier, and the records of Chaldean astronomers and specially Kidinnu's records he still later observed that the equinox had moved 2
		Ptolemy compared his catalogue with those of Aristil, Timocharis, Hipparchus and the observations of Agrippa and Menelaus of Alexandria from the early 1st century and he finally confirmed Hipparchus empirical fact that poles of celestial equator in one Platonic year or approximately in 25,777 years encircle ecliptical pole.
	www.malaspina.org /home.asp?topic=./search/details&lastpage=./search/results&ID=13 (2291 words)

	Greek astronomy
		Aristyllus was a pupil of Timocharis and in Maeyama [23] analyses 18 of their observations and shows that Timocharis observed around 290 BC while Aristyllus observed a generation later around 260 BC.
		Now Goldstein and Bowen in [16] attempt to answer the question of why Timocharis and Aristyllus made their accurate observations.
		However van der Waerden in [34] suggests that the observations were made to determine the constants in the heliocentric theory of Aristarchus.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/PrintHT/Greek_astronomy.html (3383 words)

	[No title]
		Project Gutenberg Etext: Alexandria and her Schools by Kingsley #4 in our series by Charles Kingsley Copyright laws are changing all over the world, be sure to check the copyright laws for your country before posting these files!!
		LECTURE III--NEOPLATONISM We now approach the period in which Alexandria began to have a philosophy of its own--to be, indeed, the leader of human thought for several centuries.
		Therefore we can, as the Christian philosophers of Alexandria did, rejoice over every truth which their heathen adversaries beheld, and attribute them, as Clement does, to the highest source, to the inspiration of the one and universal Logos.
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/docs/books/gutenberg/etext98/alxsc10.txt (14040 words)

	Alexandria Virginia Hotel Discounts Timeshares Fairfield Four Days Three Nights
		Enjoy Alexandria’s inviting blend of modern-day excitement and old world charm.
		While you are visiting Alexandria make sure you visit neighboring, Washington DC which holds its own culture, history, and political intrigue.
		Then propel yourself back into another age entirely in Old Town Alexandria, where charming Victorian ships and homes spill onto cobblestone streets, once traveled only by foot or horse-drawn carriage.
	www.destinationcoupons.com /Virginia/Alexandria/fairfield/resort.asp (293 words)

	Alexandria And Her Schools, by Charles Kingsley; Lecture I--The Ptolemaic Era Page 10
		Alexandria And Her Schools, by Charles Kingsley; Lecture I--The Ptolemaic Era Page 10
		But we must leave Archimedes for a man not perhaps so well known, but to whom we owe as much as to the great Syracusan--Hipparchus the astronomer.
		He puts himself boldly in contact with facts, asks them what they mean, and writes down their answer for the world's use.
	www.pagebypagebooks.com /Charles_Kingsley/Alexandria_And_Her_Schools/Lecture_I_The_Ptolemaic_Era_p10.html (330 words)

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