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Topic: Timurid Emirates

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	Paradox Interactive Forums - - ARCHIVE - Khanate Court of the Timurids
		The Emirate of al-Iraq is the centre of Sunni power, with the population almost entirely Sunnites.
		The two empires, those of the Ottomans and Timurids, hereby convene at the Timurid capital of Samarkland to strengthen their bonds and unity.
		Tension between the Timurid Empire and the Uzbek Khanate are running high, fuelled by the Khan of the Uzbeks announcement about the creation of a new port called Yumhur.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/printthread.php?t=117508 (3967 words)

	The Turco-Mongol Invasions I, Medieval Armenian History, Turkish History, Turkey
		The nature of the Saljuq invasions/migrations and certain aspects of the consequences of Turkish domination merit a brief examination prior to reviewing the Turco-Mongol invasions/migrations of the 13-14th centuries because, in a certain sense, the invasions of the 11th century were a dress rehersal for several subsequent invasions of Armenia from the Orient.
		In the east, embracing parts of eastern Armenia, Caucasian Aghbania, and Azarbaijan was the emirate of Ganjak (ruled independently from 1148 to 1225) (128).
		In the south, in the areas of Aghjnik'/Diyarbakr and Xlat' the holdings of the Muslim Marwanid emirs quickly were confiscated by the Artukids of Aghjnik' (1101-1231) (129), and the Saljuqid Shah Armens of Xlat' (1100-1207) (130).
	rbedrosian.com /atmi1.htm (1641 words)

	[No title]
		Three years later, in 1962, Aden and the Arab Emirates of the South are re-united into the Federation of South Arabia, still under British control.
		The Emirate of Cyrenaica is recognized in 1949 and the whole of Libya becomes independent as the United Libyan Kingdom in 1951 (renamed Libyan Kingdom in 1963).
		This khanate is divided in 1598 in Bukhara and the Khanate, later Emirate, of Khiva.
	www.electionworld.org /former.htm (8441 words)

	Uganda
		Despite increasing pressure from the IMF to accelerate reform, substantial economic restructuring remains unlikely in 2000, largely because of resistance in the communist-dominated legislature to further privatization.
		It was dominated from the 15th century by the Portuguese, followed by the Dutch, and from the second half of the 18th century, by the British.
		The 7 emirates gave Britain control over defence and foreign affairs in 1820.
	www.geocities.com /afgh_friends/u_countries.htm (5235 words)

	Was the battle of Ankara the last chance for the Byzantine Empire?
		In 1390, the emirates of Saruhan, Aydin and Menteshe quickly succumbed in the face of the Thunderbolt and over the next five years he was to make significant gains throughout Asia and Europe, with Bosnia and Wallachia being added to his long list of tributaries and the annexing of Jandar, Bulgaria and much of Greece.
		This shows that it was not religious conviction that fuelled Timurid expansion and the so-called ‘enemies of the faith’ were not the targets, with the expulsion of the Knights of St. John from Smyrna and the ransacking of Georgia as the only sign of anti-Christian activity.
		He reinstated many of the princes and emirates deposed by Bayezit and received the submission of the house of Osman, establishing one of Bayezit’s sons, Musa, as the new Sultan and as a vassal.
	www.ancientworlds.net /487322 (4844 words)

	Ottoman Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		His small emirate was closer geographically to the Byzantine Empire than any other, and thus he had many chances to prove his abilities as a gazi warrior against them.
		As we saw in Chapter 4, the Timurid Empire was vast by the time it reached Asia Minor in 1402 to battle the Ottomans.
		The Ottomans, scrambling to reorganise after hastily ending their siege of Constantinople to face the Timurids, were defeated at the Battle of Ankara in June, 1402.
	islamic-world.net /islamic-state/islam_ottoman.htm (1543 words)

	Usenet Archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		This emirate was a remnant of the Seljuks whom the Ottoman had displaced.
		This emirate was an ally of the Byzantine empire and an enemy of the Ottoman power Lessons from the Battle of Nicopolis At Nicopolis, the Turks used techniques of hoodwinking the Bulgarians and the French Knights into feigned negotiations, luring them into a tap and then slaughtering them mercilessly.
		But by conquering and annexing the emirate of Karaman (May-June, 1451) and by renewing the peace treaties with Venice (September 10) and Hungary (November 20) he proved his skills both on the military and the political front and was soon accepted by the noble class of the Ottoman court.
	www.allusenet.org /File.asp?service=32665 (7879 words)

	Army Variants: Anatolian Turkoman
		In the 13th and 14th centuries its territory was gradually conquered by the Emirates of Hamid and Karaman, and by 1375 the Mamluks conquered the remainder.
		The Byzantine so-called Empire of Trebizond was invaded by neighboring Anatolian Turkish Emirates off and on until its final conquest by the Ottomans in 1460.
		In 1401 Tamerlane attacked a number of Turkish Emirates on the way towards crushing the Mamluks, and in 1402 he invaded for real, crushing the Ottomans at Ankara and reinstating all the Turkish Emirates that had previously been conquered by the Ottomans.
	www.umiacs.umd.edu /~kuijt/dba160c/VariantArmy.html (865 words)

	The History of the Muslims (Cont'd)
		He was driven from his Timurid state to Farghanah and after re-establishing his power in Kabul took north India.
		The pattern subscribed to was to emulate Western socioeconomic democracies, mainly along the lines of republics and multi-party systems.
		By the time Israel was created in 1948 the Muslim peoples had been broken up into dozens of states, protectorates and emirates.
	www.nuradeen.com /Reflections/ElementsOfIslam52.htm (1313 words)

	Overview of the World's Nations
		Having been removed from China and Russia, as well as the Middle East, today their holdings are limited to the steppes of Eastern Eurasia and the lands between the Hindu Kush and the Caspian Sea.
		Named after Tamerlane, the correct term for their nation is the Timurid Emirates, though they are almost universally referred to as the Golden Horde.
		Sandwiched between the Ottomans, the Mughals and the Timurids, Persia enjoys the benefits of trade with all three, but also the constant threat of stronger powers at their borders.
	mywebpages.comcast.net /rumtigger2/overview.htm (5747 words)

	RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY
		By year's end, however, Salimov had been forced to flee Tajikistan after a series of political missteps and unwise alliances amid the jockeying that accompanied the end of the civil war.
		According to Vasilii Bartold, an eminent historian of the region, Timur was born into the "Turkic-influenced Mongolian tribe of Barlas." In his book "The New Central Asia," the scholar Olivier Roy succinctly explains the significance of the conqueror "who was to found a short-lived empire which stretched from Ankara to Delhi.
		Timurid culture lived on after the death of its founder."
	www.rferl.org /reports/centralasia/2004/03/9-020304.asp (2685 words)

	A General History of the Near East, Chapter 13
		In 1413 the youngest son of Bayezid, Mohammed I (Mehmed in Turkish), defeated the last of his brothers and became the undisputed ruler of what remained to the empire.
		He was succeeded by his son Murad II (1421-51), and Murad showed the Ottoman recovery between 1426 and 1428, by annexing the five emirates Timur had re-erected in southwest Turkey.
		Now that Turk and Timurid were balanced against each other, an uneasy peace settled on the devastated land.
	xenohistorian.faithweb.com /neareast/ne13.html (17140 words)

	Total War Center Forums - Muslim Factions
		As the dynasty declined in the middle of the 13th century, the Mongols invaded Anatolia in the 1260s and divided it into small emirates called the Anatolian beyliks, which in turn were later conquered by the Ottomans.
		The Empire was situated in the middle of East and West, and interacted through-out its six-century history with both the East and the West.
		Timur the Lame, as he was lame after sustaining an injury in battle) (1336—February 1405) was a renowned 14th century Mongol conqueror, ruler of the Timurid Empire (1370—1405) in Central Asia, and founder of the Timurid dynasty, which survived until 1506.
	www.twcenter.net /forums/printthread.php?t=35859 (1363 words)

	Coins of the Middle East
		The Timurid dynasty ruled much of Central Asia from during the 14th and 15th century.
		Though the Timurid dynasty was founded by a barbarian, Husayn Bayqara was a great supporter of the arts and literature.
		This three-coin set of the current coins of the United Arab Emirates includes the 1998 25 Fils showing a Gazelle, the 2005 seven-sided 50 Fils showing oil derricks (oil being the source of much of their wealth) and the 1998 1 Dirham showing an ancient water pitcher.
	www.joelscoins.com /mideast.htm (2485 words)

	Commentary
		This fortress city has a unique strategic location [42°3'10" N, 48°17'49" E]: a narrow strip of land (over 3 km between the Caspian Sea and the Caucasus, about 300 m wide) that forms a natural pass that has controlled the traffic from the Middle East to South-eastern Europe since 1,000 BC.
		This elaborate fortification was in continuous use for some 15 centuries through the Arab, Mongol, and Timurid reigns.
		Narin-kala is well-preserved, and includes an ensemble of buildings, including the most important and still existing Juma Mosque, built in 733-34 AD (according to an inscription on it) and renovated/rebuilt in 14th and 17th century.
	www.pakistanlink.com /Commentary/2005/July/08/07.HTM (1093 words)

	The Islamic World to 1600: The Rise of the Great Islamic Empires (Ottomans: Empire Building)
		In 1301, with the victory of the Ottomans over the Byzantines at Nicaea, the former Byzantine capital, the Ottoman emirate established itself as a powerful military force.
		Because the Ottoman was the last empire Timur attacked, he brought a wealth of experience and a veteran army with him, since his empire already included Central Asia, northern India, Persia, Iraq, and Syria.
		Although Timur was not eager to face the Ottomans, whose reputation as a strong military force preceded them, he was convinced to do so by a number of Turkish emirs who had been defeated by the Ottomans and pushed out of Asia Minor, seeking refuge in Timurid lands.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/islam/empires/ottoman/ottoman2.html (855 words)

	Turkish Wars Lists for DBR
		Timurid cavalry can always dismount to fight on foot as Bw.
		This list covers the Turkoman emirates, most already conquered by the Ottomans, from their reconstitution by Tumir in 1402 until their reconquest by the Ottomans.
		The coastal emirate Saruhan, falling in 1405 Aydin and Menteshe falling in 1426.
	www.fortunecity.com /marina/salmon/224/Medieval/turkish.html (2217 words)

	AllRefer.com - Uzbekistan - The Rule of Timur in Uzbekistan \| Uzbekistani or Uzbek Information Resource
		It was during the Timurid dynasty that Turkish, in the form of the Chaghatai dialect, became a literary language in its own right in Mawarannahr--although the Timurids also patronized writing in Persian.
		The Timurid state quickly broke into two halves after the death of Timur.
		The chronic internal fighting of the Timurids attracted the attention of the Uzbek nomadic tribes living to the north of the Aral Sea.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/uzbekistan/uzbekistan12.html (503 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		After years of apprenticeship and intensive research into traditional jewelry forms, she held her first exhibition in 1974 and launched a career which has taken her around the world and placed her among the top professional women in Egypt.
		Fahmy has also been credited with reviving the use of classical Arabic poetry and Islamic wisdom sayings in the calligraphic inscriptions incorporated into many of her pieces, which express profound spiritual values that have been lost to much of the modern Arab world.
		Her many international clients include Queen Noor of Jordan, French actress Catherine Deneuve, Madame Jihan Sadat, Egyptian actress Fatin Hamama and the royal families of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Bahrain.
	www.arab.net /Egypt/et_afahmy.htm (231 words)

	History of Jihad against the Serbs, Croats, and Albanians (1389 to 1920) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		This emirate was an ally of the Byzantine empire and an enemy of the Ottoman power.
		The Serbs were defeated and the Ottomans turned to face the Hungarians who fled back into Wallachia when they realized they were unable to attack the Ottomans from the rear, as the Serbs were no longer holding the Turks from the other side.
		Although, when he in 1452 proposed to attack Constantinople most of the divan, and especially the Grand Vizier, Kandarli Halil, was against it and criticized the sultan for being too rash and overconfident in his abilities.
	www.historyofjihad.org /serbia.html (10828 words)

	Mongol -- DBA 154
		The Seljuq Sultans (#124) were gradually conquering the Anatolian peninsula when they were shattered by the Mongols; although they tottered on as a client state for a few decades, they collapsed into a network of independent Emirates by 1281.
		Timur the lame arose in the late 14th century as a commander among the Chagatai Mongols in Transoxiana; he used them as the core of an army (#159b, Timurid) that may have equalled or even exceeded that of Ghengis.
		This army represents the Khanate formed by Chinghis' grandson Batu (from whose golden tent they took their name) and their successors, including the Khanate of the Crimea and that of Kazan.
	www.umiacs.umd.edu /~kuijt/dba154/dba154.html (2608 words)

	AllRefer.com - Uzbekistan - Linguistic Background in Uzbekistan \| Uzbekistani or Uzbek Information Resource
		Until 1924 the written Turkic language of the region had been Chaghatai, a language that had a long and brilliant history as a vehicle of literature and culture after its development in the Timurid state of Herat in the late fifteenth century.
		Chaghatai also was the common written language of the entire region of Central Asia from the Persian border to Eastern Turkestan, which was located in today's China.
		Use of the language was continued by the Uzbek khanates that conquered the Timurid states.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/uzbekistan/uzbekistan28.html (709 words)

	Wars of Ottomans - AboutTurkey.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Ottoman conquest of Emirates of Saruhan (capital Birge/Pergamon), Aydin (capital Manisa/Magnesia), Menteshe, Germiyan, Hamideli
		Qara Qoyunlu briefly occupied Herat, the Timurid capital
		Emirate of Black Sheep Turks (Qara Qoyunlu) conquered by White Sheep Turks (Ak Qoyunlu)
	www.aboutturkey.com /turkey/history/Ottomans/Wars_of_Ottomans.shtml (246 words)

	Iraq oddd.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		This is unlike most other Arab emirates of the Persian Gulf where the rulers seized and maintained authority by force.
		At the end of World War I, the territory now comprising Israel, Jordan, the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, and Jerusalem was awarded to the United Kingdom by the League of Nations as the mandate for Palestine.
		In 1922, in an attempt to assuage Arab anger resulting from the Balfour Declaration, with the approval of the League of Nations, the British created the semi-autonomous, Arab Emirate of Transjordan in all Palestinian territory east of the Jordan river.
	www.oddd.org /en/Iraq (11221 words)

	Comparative Criminology \| Asia - Uzebekistan
		In large cities such as Tashkent and Samarkand, traffickers use newspaper advertisements to lure women by promising high-paying work or marriage abroad.
		Travel agencies promising tour packages and work in Turkey, Thailand, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) also solicit prostitutes.
		Victims often are promised jobs as dancers or waitresses in nightclubs or restaurants in the destination country.
	www-rohan.sdsu.edu /faculty/rwinslow/asia_pacific/uzebekistan.html (8699 words)

	TurkoTek Discussion Forums - Middle Amy Darya weaving
		"As the areas where these were woven lay mostly within the Emirate of Bukhara, ande some in the Emirates of Kokand and Khiva, it is likely that the weavers enjoyed the patronage of town-dwellers for at least several centuries and to a greater extent than did the Tekke, Salor, and Saryk.
		The choice of lappets as a type of end border in defining the form of Ottoman silk yastiks and their wool descendants evolves naturally from the artistic heritage embraced by the Ottomans.
		Timurid and Jalayrid miniature painting depict yastiks in use, some of which have forms analogous to the end lappets of Ottoman yastiks (figure 38).
	www.turkotek.com /misc_00022/amu_darya.htm (10120 words)

	TRM Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		A page fragment from the timurid Prince Baysunqur's Qur'an.
		The pottery section presents the full history of this art form, starting from pre-Islamic time up to the 19th century.
		The gulf countries: Kuwait, Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, Oman and the Yemen.
	www.trmkt.com /overview.html (571 words)

	Jesus in the holy Qur'an - Page 37 - FrostCloud Forums
		The Arab Caliphate and other Islamic Countries up to and including the Ottoman Sultanate were famous for possibly saving the Jews from extermination during the Christian Dark Ages in Europe when they were expelled from France, Spain, and Italy.
		During the Spanish Inquisition Jews were expelled and accepted by the North African Emirates and the Ottoman Empire.
		The great centre of science, art, and philosophy in Asia of the 14-17th centuries was the Islamic City of Samarqand in what was once the Timurid Emirate.
	www.frostcloud.com /forum/showthread.php?t=5511&page=37 (812 words)

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