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	Timurid Dynasty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Timurids were a mixed Turkic-Mongol and Persian (Turco) dynasty of Central Asia established by Timur (Tamerlane).
		Ibrahim Timurid 1457 - 1459 (861 AH) - ruler of Herat
		Masud Timurid 899-906 AH - ruler of Samarkand 1495
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Timurid_Dynasty (711 words)

	Sassanid dynasty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Because of Ardashir's kinship to Sassan, his dynasty which ruled Persia between 226 to 651 was called the Sassanian or Sassanids by later historians.
		Palace of Ardashir, The palace ruins of Ardashir I, founder of the dynasty, south of Shiraz, Iran.
		Although the Kushan empire declined at the end of the 3rd century, leading to the rise to power of an indigenous Indian dynasty, the Guptas, in the 4th century, it is clear that Sassanid influence remained relevant in the north-west of India.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sasanid (5604 words)

	Encyclopedia: Timurid dynasty
		Timurids Map The Timurids were a mixed Turkic-Mongol and Persian (Turco-Persian) dynasty of Central Asia established by Timur (Tamerlane).
		Masud Timurid 899-906 AH - ruler of Samarkand 1495 A minaret in Samarkand.
		The Sassanid dynasty (also Sassanian) was the name given to the kings of Persia, which includes much of present-day Iran, during the era of the second Persian Empire, from 224 until 651, when the last Sassanid shah, Yazdegerd III, lost a 14-year struggle to drive out the Umayyad Caliphate, the first of the Islamic empires.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Timurid-dynasty (3511 words)

	Iransaga - Persian Art, The Timurids Contd.
		Relatively little high quality metalwork has survived from the Timurid dynasty, though again miniatures of the period (whose obsessive detail makes them an excellent guide to contemporary objects) show that ewers with long curved spouts were developed at this time.
		However, it is certain that the Timurid capitals (Mashad and Herat in Khurassan, Bukhara and Samarkand in Central Asia) possessed large factories, where not only the magnificent tiles that decorated buildings of the period were produced, but also pottery.
		Timurid faience mosaic decoration, which adorns the façade of the principle iwan giving access to the Friday Mosque at Yazd.
	www.artarena.force9.co.uk /timurid2.htm (733 words)

	The Art of the Timurid Period (ca. 1370-1507) \| Special Topics Page \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Eventually only Khorasan and Transoxiana remained Timurid, and during the remaining years of the dynasty, these were ruled by separate branches of the Timurid family.
		Timurid rulers were sympathetic to Persian culture and lured artists, architects, and men of letters who would contribute to their high court culture.
		Many Timurid princes were also prodigious builders—religious institutions and foundations such as mosques, madrasas, khanqahs (convents), and Sufi shrines were the main beneficiaries of their building programs.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/hd/timu/hd_timu.htm (515 words)

	Search Encyclopedia.com
		The last of the Qajar dynasty, he came to power as a result of a coup against his father.
		period of the second Turko-Tartar invasion and the establishment of the Timurid dynasty is considered the Silver Age, or the last episode, of classical Persian literature.
		Muhammad Ali Muhammad Ali, 1872-1925, shah of Persia (1906-9), son of Muzaffar ad-Din Shah, of the Qajar dynasty.
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=Mirza (544 words)

	Islamic Art - Dynasties
		Dynasty of Berber origin that ruled North Africa and later Spain, 1050–1147.
		Dynasty of former slaves that ruled Egypt and Syria, 1250–1517.
		Dynasty of Timurid descent that ruled India, 1526-1858.
	www.lacma.org /islamic_art/dynasty.htm (159 words)

	Persian art
		During the Mongol Timurid dynasty (1369–1506) Chinese influences were apparent in the development of one of Persia's greatest artistic achievements, the miniature, which was used to illustrate books of poetry, history, and romances.
		The Timurid dynasty also saw the use of coloured tiles to cover buildings, for example on the Blue Mosque of Tabriz.
		The Safavid dynasty (1502–1736) produced miniatures, which now began to show the influence of Western styles; fine carpets – many of the finest Persian carpets are Safavid;; fabrics, particularly silk; and metalwork.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0012350.html (552 words)

	Women in the Timurid and Safavid Dynasties
		During the reign of Husayn Mirza, (R. 1470 to 1506), the capital of the Timurid Dynasty moved from Samarkand to Herat.
		In addition to holding a prominent role in the dynasty, she also was a patron of architecture for the city of Samarkand.
		The style of painting in this dynasty was a combination of the painter Bihzad from the Timurid dynasty and the local court style, which was more organic than the rational style of the Timurid dynasty.
	www.skidmore.edu /academics/arthistory/ah369/timurid.html (4276 words)

	[No title]
		Other dynasties are the Great Mongols (Chingizids), Golden Horde (a few rare mints, not the common mints), Walid, Ghilzay, Sarbadar, Amirs of Badakhshan, Khans of Karabakh (in Panahabad), Alikozay, Qalhat Amirs of Hormuz, Shirvanshahs (Khaqanid), Burhanid, Khans of Shimakhi, Injuyid, Qutlughkhanid, Khans of Ganja, Amir of Qunduz (Qunduz and Hisar mints), Mehrabanid and Kart.
		Islamic coinage of the Zuray'id and Sulayhid dynasties.
		232), Chaghatayid, Timurid, Amir of Qunduz, Shaybanid, Janid, Khans of Khoqand and Khans of Khiva.
	www.islamiccoinsgroup.50g.com /Jims_Bibliography.txt (16759 words)

	ECONOMY - vi. IN THE TIMURID PERIOD
		The Timurid invasions against the Kartid rulers of Khorasan, which began in 783/1381, caused socioeconomic dislocation and unprecedented wholesale destruction and pillaging of towns, as well as brutal massacres of their populations (or, in more fortunate cases, the extraction of ransom money, large-scale confiscations, and the deportation of classes of people possessing specialized skills).
		The Timurid ruler regarded by contemporaries as having raised agriculture to new heights in the Herat region, where the Timurid capital was located, was Sultan H®osayn Ba@yqara@ (873-911/1469-506).
		The political stability which had existed under the Timurids throughout the 15th century and which had enabled agriculture and commerce to flourish was brought to an abrupt end in the first decade of the 16th century by the nomadic Uzbek invasions, which toppled the Timurid dynasty.
	www.iranica.com /articles/v8/v8f1/v8f1133vi.html (881 words)

	Iranica.com - HISTORIOGRAPHY
		During the Timurid period the historiographical school of Khorasan developed, bloomed and crystallized into a canon that was adopted and followed beyond the Timurid period in Iran and Transoxiana.
		At the beginning of the Timurid period, court historians were often linked to the cultural centers of central Iran, such as Shiraz or Yazd, formerly part of the Il-khanid state.
		Timurid learned literature developed an original type of local historiographical writing, namely the pilgrimage guides describing the topography of the shrines (maza@r) in one given geographical area, together with biographies of the saints buried there.
	www.iranica.com /articles/v12f3/v12f3036e.html (5658 words)

	Persian Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Achaemenid dynasty was the first line of Persian rulers, founded by Achaemenes, chieftain of the Persians around 700 BC.
		Head of king [[Shapur II (Sasanian dynasty A.D. 4th century).]] During Parthian rule, Persia was only one province in a large, loosely controlled empire.
		The Sassanid (or Sassanian) dynasty (named for Ardashir's grandfather) was the first native Persian ruling dynasty since the Achaemenids; thus they saw themselves as the successors of Darius and Cyrus.
	persian-empire.ask.dyndns.dk (3645 words)

	The Indian Empires
		The dynasty is referred to in Persian sources as the Ashtarkhanids, from its origins around Astrakhan, and by some modern scholars (particularly Soviet) as the Janids, after its nominal founder jani Muhammad.
		The Timurid double-dome inspired the double-domes of Mughal architecture, and the perfection of the transverse vault was 'the key to all the major innovations of Timurid architecture'.67 John Hoag, citing examples such as the
		Timurid princes and pretenders often claimed authority in the border regions, and the nature of Timurid prestige was such that such claims often gained local support.
	www.globaled.org /nyworld/materials/india/thetimurid.html (8536 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Parthia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The end of this loosely organized empire came in 224 CE, when the last king was defeated by one of the empire's vassals, the Persians of the Sassanid dynasty.
		It was not until the 2nd century BCE that the Parthians were able to profit from the continuing erosion of the Seleucid Empire, gradually capturing all its territories east of Syria.
		A bust from The National Museum of Iran of Queen Musa, wife of Phraates IV of Parthia, excavated by a French team in Khuzestan, Iran in 1939.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref?title=Parthia (3059 words)

	History - Uzbekistan - Asia
		The Samanid dynasty declined in the 10th century, however, and a number of Turkic hordes vied for control until the great conquest of Mongol emperor Genghis Khan in the 13th century.
		In the 14th century the area was incorporated into the empire of the Turkic conqueror Tamerlane (Timur Lang), who established the Timurid dynasty.
		The conquered lands became two separate khanates, one centered in Bukhoro, seat of the Shaybanid dynasty, and one in Khorezm, seat of the rival Yadigarid dynasty.
	www.countriesquest.com /asia/uzbekistan/history.htm (759 words)

	InfoHub Forums - The Safavi Dynasty of Iran
		During the 1400's the eastern portion of Iran was ruled by the Timurids.
		The Kara Koyunlu gave the Timurids quite a difficult time and even managed to temporarily occupy the Timurid capital of Herat, which is in present-day Afghanistan.
		In 1507 the Timurid dynasty collapsed, due to an attack on Herat by Uzbek forces.
	www.infohub.com /forums/showthread.php?t=2448 (909 words)

	TIMUR - TAMERLANE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Timurid power in Central Asia came to an end with the advent of another Turkic tribe from the north: the Uzbeks.
		As Timurid power in Transoxiana faltered after the deaths of Shah Rukh and Ulugh Beg, the city ceased to be as important as it had been.
		Interestingly enough, one of the principle Timurid builders was Gawhar Shad, Shah Rukh's wife, who was responsible for a magnificent mosque at Meshed (built between 1405 and 1418) and a mosque-madrasah-mausoleum complex in Herat (1417-1437).
	users.rcn.com /web-czar/timur.htm (2687 words)

	Timurid Dynasty -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		More results on "Timurid Dynasty" when you join.
		Seen from the vantage point of contemporary or later chronicles, the 13th century in Iran was a period of destructive wars and invasions.
		Includes a map and pictures that focus on the Shang and the Zhou, descriptions of the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States periods, and discussion of the School of Literati, Confucius, Mencius, and Legalism.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9072546 (734 words)

	Past Exhibitions \| Freer and Sackler Galleries
		Although the Timurids lost political control over much of their conquered lands by the middle of the 15th century, they were responsible for one of the most artistically brilliant periods in the history of the Islamic world.
		Like their Timurid ancestors, the Mughals expressed deep interest in the arts of the book, but it was only after Akbar (reigned 1556–1605) succeeded in consolidating Mughal power in north India that a distinct artistic tradition began to emerge.
		Shiva Nataraja was the family deity of the Chola dynasty, the dominant cultural, artistic, religious, and political force in south India for a period of four hundred years from the ninth to the thirteenth century.
	www.asia.si.edu /exhibitions/past.htm (8462 words)

	Iransaga - Mongol Invasions
		Once again, local chiefs took advantage of this to declare themselves independent: a Persian Shi'ite dynasty, the Sardebarians (1337-1381), settled in the northwestern part of Khorassan while the Mozzafferids (1340-1392) took control of the south from Fars to Kerman.
		But these dynasties were short-lived as a third invasion, this time by the Turko-Mongol nomads lead by Tamerlane, swept across the region.
		Tamerlane (Timurid dynasty) dominated all of Persia from 1387.
	www.art-arena.com /mongol.html (316 words)

	The Timurid Dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		As had happened with Chingiz Khan's empire, factions soon developed, and vassals on the periphery of the Timurid domains quickly seized their chance to assert their independence.
		However, although the size of the Timurid empire was drastically reduced, his successors went on to usher in the Muslim equivalent of the European Renaissance, centered in the cities of Samarkand and Herat.
		However, at the same time, the ruler also continued the pursuit of pleasure which had been a mark of most of the Timurid dynasty and which had resulted in more than a few of Timur's descendants dying from too much alcohol or other forms of debauchery.
	umid.uz /Main/Uzbekistan/History/Timurid_Dynasty/timurid_dynasty.html (451 words)

	Late Calligraphic Development
		The Abbasid dynasty, the last of the Islamic caliphates, ended in 1258 when Baghdad was sacked by Chengiz Khan, his son Hulagu, and their Mongol armies.
		Abaqa (1265-1282), the son of Hulagu, established the Ilkhanid dynasty in Persia.
		This dynasty was the greatest, richest, and longest-lasting Muslim dynasty to rule India.
	www.islamicart.com /main/calligraphy/late.html (1364 words)

	Ibrahim (Timurid Dynasty) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		1459) was a Timurid ruler of Herat in the fifteenth century.
		Ibrahim overthrew Shah Mahmud weeks after Babur's death, and therefore became the ruler of Khurasan.
		In July 1457, however, the Timurid ruler of Transoxiana, Abu Sa'id, invaded.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ibrahim_(Timurid_Dynasty) (293 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - The Last Mongol
		The Timurids constantly counterattacked**, retaking lands that the advancing hordes had left undefended, only to be overwhelmed by the superior numbers of the enemy.
		The Timurid armies finally moved south in the spring of 1441, laying siege to Thar on March 11 and recapturing the province on November 30.
		A new Timurid offensive was launched in the spring, laying siege to Rajputana and Bikaner.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?t=105271&goto=nextnewest (3066 words)

	Iran, 1400-1600 A.D. \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In the first half of the period from 1400 to 1600 A.D., Iran is ruled by a series of different Turko-Mongol dynasties such as the Jalayirids, Timurids, Qara Quyunlu, and Aq Quyunlu.
		By the early sixteenth century, the whole area is unified under the rule of the Safavids, possibly the most successful dynasty to emerge from Iran in the Islamic era.
		Artists from the Qara Quyunlu, Aq Quyunlu, and Timurid court studios are brought together to form a new Safavid style of painting.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ht/08/wai/ht08wai.htm (921 words)

	16th Century Persian Women's Clothing
		During the previous Timurid Dynasty (1387-1500 approximately) the arts flourished especially in the areas of miniature painting and textile weaving.
		Other variants are: the crown so commonly depicted in the Timurid period begins to phase out of style (see Figure B, or C) and a small tuft of feathers attached to the front of the small cap replaces it.
		Another Veil (see Figure D) veil style would be a net worn over the hair in place of the bottom veil with a circlet of sorts in place of the cap with a string of pearls attached to the circlet which passes under the chin, and then over all this the shoulder legenth veil.
	www.geocities.com /louise_de_la_mare/16thcentpersianwomen.htm (1603 words)

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