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	Tired light - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tired light is a "non-cosmological" redshift mechanism proposed as an alternative explanation for the redshift-distance relationship.
		Tired light mechanisms were one of the proposed alternatives to the Big Bang and the Steady State cosmologies that both proposed the Hubble Law was associated with a metric expansion of space.
		There are a few modern proponents of nonstandard cosmologies who rely on tired light mechanisms even as the vast majority of physicists and astronomers accept the conclusions of various studies that such an effect either does not or cannot account for cosmological redshifts.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tired_light (1511 words)

	The Steady State Galaxy Theory by Rufus Young
		Light is part of the electromagnetic spectrum which extends from very low frequency radio waves with wavelengths greater than 100 kilometers to gamma rays and beyond with wavelengths less than 10^-14 meters.
		Maxwell proposed a theory which required the vibration of light to be strictly transverse with no longitudinal component and in 1864 his paper entitled "A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field" expressed the results of his theoretical investigation in the form of four fundamental equations which have since become famous as Maxwell's equations.
		In the case of light waves, it is the movement of the medium (aether) which is imparting the momentum to the particles it strikes.
	www.galaxytheory.com /index.html (4343 words)

	Curious About Astronomy: Can "tired light theory" explain the observed redshifts of galaxies?
		I read about a year ago of an old theory that the red shift that is used to justify the idea that the galaxies are moving away from each other has another possible explanation that is even older, known as the tired light theory.
		There are many problems with the tired light theory, the main one being that there is no known way for photon's to lose energy (without also changing in other observable ways) that is not equivalent to the universe expanding and the photons expanding with it.
		I think that in tired light theory this would have to be interpreted as being due to a non-constant loss of energy by the photons on their way to us.
	curious.astro.cornell.edu /question.php?number=444 (889 words)

	Hubbleflow
		This tired light theory treats intergalactic space as a transparent medium, and so if we have this many photon-electron interactions in intergalactic space then we would expect to have repeatable and demonstrable effects i.e.
		According to this tired light theory the Hubble constant H can be thought of as a measure of the electron density of intergalactic space, n.
		In my tired light theory I say that it is only at 6 or 7 million light year away or so that the statistics start to work and the number of collisions is sufficient to form a large statistical sample.
	www.lyndonashmore.com /Hubbleflow.html (1060 words)

	Expanding Universe Question - Page 3
		Light may be redshifted by its interaction with the electromagnetic virtual fields of the vacuum.
		"Tired light" is a theory that light, in its long journey from remote galaxies to us, loses energy from some unknown process, and since each photon, going to a lower energy, acquires a lower frequency, the light becomes systemattically red-shifted.
		If you send a beam of light through a glass window, the light may be refracted (bent), depending on the shape and orientation of the surfaces of the window, but it is not significantly diffused (blurred).
	www.physicsforums.com /showthread.php?t=68600&page=3 (3385 words)

	New Page 1
		If light travels in arcs over vast distances, the source of the light would appear to be much further away than it actually is because of triangulation problems.
		The “tired light” theory, as it is sometimes called, would explain a young universe with an apparent great age.
		Another model concerning speed of light assumes that in the beginning, the speed of light was infinite, instantaneously decreasing to its present speed.
	www.rae.org /revev7old.html (3318 words)

	Storrs presentation
		However, the light from objects with a redshift of z=12 may have travelled 140 billion years through the universe with tired light redshift instead of expansion redshift.
		Light from faraway galaxies and clusters of galaxies is stretched towards a longer wavelength; this is called cosmological redshift, usually indicated with the letter z.
		The tired light concept, or tired light redshift, can be used as part of a model that looks at the universe as infinite in time and space.
	www.eitgaastra.nl /print/storrs.html (2548 words)

	FORWARD THINKING IN ASTRONOMY [A series of eight lectures specially prepared for Compu- Se
		The theory then goes on to propose that moving bodies undergo an apparent contraction of space and time, as seen from a stationary frame: distances seem to be compressed in the direction of motion of the body, and clocks traveling with the body seem to tick more slowly.
		The objections to this idea, called the "tired light" theory, are twofold: (1) If the energy losses are due to interaction with particles in space, the resulting "scattering" effect on the photons would prevent images of distant objects from being sharp in our telescopes.
		If the Weak Light model does not seem probable to the reader, he should at least appreciate how amazingly fragile is all of modern cosmological theory, based as it is on an assumption (that redshifts are due to velocities) whose rationale has since been severely undercut (some redshifts apparently are not due to velocities).
	www.skepticfiles.org /crank/fta.htm (5004 words)

	Exploding the big bang
		If light from stars or galaxies is passed through a prism or grating, a spectrum is obtained, consisting of a series of lines and bands.
		The majority of astronomers and cosmologists subscribe to the big bang theory, and interpret the redshift to mean that all galaxies are flying apart at high speed and that the universe is expanding.
		G. de Purucker rejected the theory of an expanding universe or expanding space as "little short of being a scientific pipe-dream or fairy-tale," and suggested that the redshift might be caused by light losing energy during its long voyage through space [2].
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/dp5/explode.htm (1896 words)

	SPACE-TALK - Nature of gravity
		Light that is just arriving in the form of 3K background radiation from opposite directions are meeting (at Earth) for the first time since the big bang (13B+ years ago).
		But this theory does not remove the problem we have with always appearing to be at the center of it all, whether measured in terms of Doppler shifts or microwave background 3K, since they are all equal in every direction away from us.
		We should stay true to what we observe and not see it through the prism of a theory that is both ignorant of what is gravity, other than in some geometrical space-time distortion sort of way, and not give our observations the bias this ignorance is forcing us to accept.
	www.space-talk.com /ForumE/showthread.php3?postid=24272 (3480 words)

	Tired Light Theory - Page 12 - Bad Astronomy and Universe Today Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		We accept the theory since its is the most well-established model of the universe and there isnt yet another theory that provides a model of the universe that explains the universe better than the BBT.
		The big bang theory was well established by several supporting observations that required no new physics, the main one being the expansion of the universe.
		Maybe 'tired light' is not the answer, but some other cause still unknown remains to be discovered, I would think.
	www.bautforum.com /showthread.php?t=10721&page=12&pp=20 (6915 words)

	Big bang, black holes, and common sense
		G. de Purucker rejected the theory of an expanding universe or expanding space as ‘little short of being a scientific pipe-dream or fairy-tale’, and suggested that the redshift might be caused by light losing energy during its long voyage through the ether of space.
		The entire edifice of the big-bang theory is therefore built on a single unwarranted assumption – that galaxy redshifts are primarily caused by recession velocities.
		This theory was partly based on the apparently excessive speed of certain galactic motions, but this observational evidence is founded on several questionable assumptions (including the redshift-equals-velocity myth).
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/dp5/bang.htm (4126 words)

	page9tiredlight
		A Newbie reading /tiredlit.htm might conclude that proponents of tired light were quite foolish to waste any time on a theory that predicted an opaque sky at the distance of M31.
		So far as I know, all of the classical proponents of tired light have assumed that energy lost from the CMBR is restored by one means or another.
		Postulating a 'tired light 'tiring-mechanism' is no big deal, and can be assumed to have been done by prior workers.
	members.aol.com /gasner/science/page9tiredlight.html (1312 words)

	Paradoxes Resolved, Origins Illuminated - Ashmore's Paradox
		The same theory gives a possible mechanism for CMB (which is in the microwave) and mathematically derives a link between the wavelength at which the CMB curve peaks and the temperature of the plasma in intergalactic space http://www.lyndonashmore.com/peakCMBwavelength.html.
		I consider photons of light from distant galaxies being absorbed and re-emitted by the electrons in the plasma of intergalactic space.
		As you say, standard tired light models and their minor variants suffer from photon scattering and that is why I came up with a completely new approach.
	www.metaresearch.org /msgboard/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=638 (2868 words)

	Ashmore
		There are many problems with the theory of the expanding Universe and so this theory puts forward the view that the Universe is static (not expanding) and offers a new approach to explain the redshifts in the light from distant galaxies.
		In this Tired Light theory, I explain the increase in wavelength as being due to photons of light interacting, or colliding, with the electrons in the plasma of intergalactic space and thus losing energy.
		Photons of light from galaxies twice as far away travel twice as far through the intergalactic medium, undergo twice as many collisions with the electrons, lose twice as much energy, have their frequency reduced by twice as much and their wavelength increased by twice as much.
	www.lyndonashmore.com /tired_light_front_page.html (2407 words)

	Chapter 1 THE ORIGIN OF MATTER PART 3
		The speed theory is now the generally-accepted scientific theory of the redshift, simply because evolutionary scientists refuse to consider any other explanation, and not many scientists dare buck the establishment and speak up.
		A "light year" is an astronomical unit of distance, and is equal to the distance that light travels through space in one year, which is approximately 5.878 trillion miles (nearly 6 trillion miles).
		That speed theory of the redshift requires that (1) all the stars in the universe are expanding outward, and (2) there are great distances between stars and galaxies.
	evolution-facts.org /Ev-V1/1evlch01c.htm (8244 words)

	1986: "TIRED LIGHT" REVIVED AGAIN
		Back in 1929, F. Zwicky proposed that the redshifts astronomers observed in the spectra of celestial objects might not be due to universal expansion but rather to "tired light." In other words, the wavelengths of the photons entering our telescopes are redshifted because they have lost energy through interactions with matter en route to earth.
		The "tired light" theory was eclipsed by the esthetically appealing concepts of the Big Bang and Expanding Universe.
		"...compared the tired light cosmology to the standard model of an expanding universe on four different observational tests and has found that on each one the tired-light hypothesis was superior.
	www.science-frontiers.com /sf047/sf047p05.htm (289 words)

	Welcome to Steadybang
		This is an attempt, (somewhat half-baked, because of its scope), at producing a purely kinetic explanation for all the phenomena in the universe, without resort to mysterious forces or remote fields of influence.
		In fact, the radiation of matter (and light) is the progress of time itself, that’s why the speed of light in a vacuum must be constant.
		Big Bang Theory comes from the assumption that the red-shift of much-travelled light radiation is caused by it's sources moving away rapidly and the further-travelled it is the greater the red-shift.
	www.steadybang.com (2997 words)

	Untitled
		One theory that has been proposed is called the tired light theory.
		Nowadays if someone develops a theory and tests it a few times, and the tests are compatible with the theory, many people assume that the theory is correct --but it ain't necessarily so.
		The other theory is the steady state theory which states that the universe has always been more-or-less the way that it is today.
	www.mcn.org /c/irapilgrim/sci08.html (855 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Tired light theory, where photons lose energy just by travelling through space was at one time used to explain cosmological redshift as an alternative to universal expansion.
		No experiment has yet found such a medium for light transmission (and boy have they tried.) So the medium that your photons 'wave' in must be able to go unobserved.
		So if you mean by "tired" light that it is light with an energy deficit, then this means its frequency has to be lower (since "h" is a constant).
	chemlab.pc.maricopa.edu /astro/astrophys/fotonels.txt (883 words)

	Pioneer Anomalous Acceleration
		The new physical principle to cause the tired light is an exchange between the transfer medium and the photons.
		The tired light concept is represented by a decay-analogy photon energy half-life constant H
		The author aware of the fact that the introduced here theory is a variation of the so-called “tired light” theories of Zwicky (1929) [3]; Hubble and Tolman(1935) [4]; Hubble (1936) [5]; Maric et al.
	www2.3dresearch.com /~alistolmar/Ned2.htm (2673 words)

	01.07.99 - Type Ia supernovae provide direct evidence for an expanding universe
		Because all type Ia supernovae have the same intrinsic light curves (a measurement of the rise and fall of their light output), they can act as clocks over cosmological distances.
		Without factoring in cosmological expansion, the light curves of the individual supernovae could not be combined.
		Goldhaber calls this a "strong argument" against the "tired light" theory in which the observed redshift in Type Ia supernovae is attributed to the loss of energy by photons as they travel across the universe.
	www.berkeley.edu /news/media/releases/99legacy/1-7-1999.html (506 words)

	page7tiredlight (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Ryle claimed that only evolutionary theories were able to account for this huge slope.
		"Tired light models invoke a gradual energy loss by photons as they travel through the cosmos to produce the redshift-distance law.
		There is a rich history of people trying to fit the CMBR with the Tired Light mechanism.
	members.aol.com /gasner/science/page7tiredlight.html (2059 words)

	YouDebate.com Forum > Creation Proofs - 3) Redshift
		We know, however, that this is not the case and the 2.73 K measurement coincides perfectly with the predicted temperature from theory.
		It's actually okay to have recessional speed in excess of the speed of light because it's not the quasar itself which is moving away from us but the space expanding between us and the quasar.
		Light can still reach us because back when it was emitted, the space between us and that quasar wasn't as big as it is "today".
	www.youdebate.com /cgi-bin/scarecrow/topic.cgi?forum=3&topic=1398 (4614 words)

	Crank Dot Net \| Big Bang
		This theory should not be hard to believe, or to understand, but it seems that most people are not getting it, or are not admiting it; so I do not have any hopes that you will understand it, but I do expect you to be smart enough to add up all the evidence.
		The Yilmaz theory yields a radically new explanation for the Hubble expansion of the universe.
		The theory predicts that relativistic effects due to gravity distort space in such a manner that the universe expands locally about every point, yet the overall size of the universe does not change.
	www.crank.net /bigbang.html (2419 words)

	Crank Dot Net \| astronomy
		In the Big Bang theory, it is thought that this means that the Universe is expanding and the rate at which the Universe is expanding is known as the Hubble constant.
		"Geocentricity is a theory that descended from the ancient notion of geocentrism, the idea that the earth is stationed immobile at the center of the universe.
		Theories span a vast spectrum of causes including: sea level change, supernova explosions, climate change, and on and on.
	www.crank.net /astronomy.html (5758 words)

	Understanding the Cosmic Code
		An alternate explanation in light of the "Cold Neutrino" fl hole concept may be the collision of a very large body with a fl hole.
		This is calculated on the basis of current theory in which the "Doppler Shift" observed in the signal is due solely to the spacecraft velocity relative to Deep Space Network receivers on earth.
		The CN theory predicts that in dense, massive bodies, the central region is subjected to only a fraction of the cold neutrinos seen at the surface.
	www.aplg.com /CN/index.html (15856 words)

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