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Topic: Tiridates II of Parthia

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Mithridates III of Parthia

Phraates II of Parthia

Priapatius of Parthia

Arsaces II of Parthia

Mithradates I of Parthia

Mithridates IV of Parthia

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	Parthia - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Parthia became a province of the Achaemenian and then of the Macedonian Empire.
		Here Arsaces and his brother Tiridates are derived from the royal house of the Achaemenids, probably from Artaxerxes II.; the young Tiridates is insulted by the prefect Agathocles or Pherecles; in revenge the brothers with five companions (corresponding to the seven Persians of Darius) slay him, and Arsaces becomes king.
		But Seleucus was soon recalled by a rebellion in Syria, and Arsaces returned victorious to Parthia; " the day of this victory is celebrated by the Parthians as the beginning of their independence " (Justin xli.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Parthia (1192 words)

	Tiridates
		Tiridates, or Teridates is a Persian name, given by Arrian in his Parthica (preserved by Photius, cod.
		The king commonly called Tiridates II was set up by the Parthians against Phraates IV[?] in 32 BC, but expelled when Phraates returned with the help of the Scythians (Dio Cass.
		During the next years Tiridates invaded Parthia again; some coins dated from March and May, 26 BC, with the name of a king "Arsaces Phioromaios," belong to him; on the reverse they show the king seated on the throne, with Tyche stretching out a palm branch towards him.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ti/Tiridates.html (180 words)

	Arsaces
		After two years (according to Arrian) he was killed, and his brother Tiridates, who succeeded him and maintained himself for a short time in Parthia, during the dissolution of the Seleucid empire by the attacks of Ptolemy III (247 ff.), was defeated and expelled by Seleucus II (about 238).
		He was the real founder of the Parthian empire, which was of very limited extent until the final decay of the Seleucid empire, occasioned by the Roman intrigues after the death of Antiochus IV Epiphanes (165 BC), enabled Mithradates and his successors to conquer Media and Babylonia.
		Tiridates adopted the name of his brother Arsaces, and after him all the other Parthian kings (who by the historians are generally called by their proper names), amounting to the number of about thirty, officially wear only the name Arsaces.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ar/Arsaces.html (343 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Parthia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Parthia, ancient country of Asia, SE of the Caspian Sea.
		In its narrowest limits it consisted of a mountainous region intersected with fertile valleys, lying S of Hyrcania and corresponding roughly to the modern Iranian province of Khorasan.
		Phraates, kings of Parthia of the dynasty of Arsaces.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Parthia (571 words)

	Parthia (1)
		The borders of Parthia were the Kopet Dag mountain range in the north (today the border between Iran and Turkmenistan) and the Dasht-e-Kavir desert in the south.
		The Persian satrap of Parthia was Hystaspes, the father of the new Persian king; he managed to stand his ground against the Parthian rebels in the city Vishpauzâtish, where he repelled his enemies on March 8, 521.
		In the confusion, Parthia was attacked by the Parni, a nomad tribe from the Central-Asian steppe.
	www.livius.org /pan-paz/parthia/parthia01.html (722 words)

	Tiridates - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Tiridates fled to Syria, where Augustus allowed him to stay, but refused to support him.
		During the next years Tiridates invaded Parthia again; some coins dated from March and May, 26 B.C., with the name of a king "Arsaces Philoromaios," belong to him; on the reverse they show the king seated on the throne, with Tyche stretching out a palm branch towards him.
		He was soon expelled again, and brought a son of Phraates into Spain to Augustus.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Tiridates (189 words)

	Parthia
		Parthia was led by the Arsacid dynasty, who reunited and ruled over the Iranian plateau, taking over the eastern provinces of the Greek Seleucid Empire, beginning in the late 3rd century BCE, and intermittently controlled Mesopotamia between ca 150 BCE and 224 CE.
		In 41 BC Parthia, led by Labienus, invaded Syria, Cilicia, and Caria and attacked Phrygia in Asia Minor.
		A bust from The National Museum of Iran of Queen Musa, wife of Phraates IV of Parthia, excavated by a French team in Khuzestan, Iran in 1939.
	www.libraryoflibrary.com /E_n_c_p_d_Parthia.html (5583 words)

	Parthia (2): the empire
		In the confusion, Parthia was overrun by the Parni, a nomad tribe from the Central-Asian steppe.
		His enemy Demetrius II Nicator tried to reconquer his lost territories, but was defeated and -even more humiliating- caught.
		Parthia controlled the Silk road, the route from the Mediterranean sea to China.
	www.livius.org /pan-paz/parthia/parthia02.html (1908 words)

	Parthia: History
		By the time of Mithradates I's death, Parthia had expanded to include Mesopotamia, the richest and most populous of the regions in the Parthian empire, and the most Hellenized, as well as Elymais and Persis, thus completing their control of the overland trade routes between east and west.
		Artabanus I succeeded Phraates II and was able to divert the tide of nomad invasion south and eastwards, although he, too, was killed in battle with the Saka.
		Artabanus II was a Parthian's Parthian, having been brought up among the Dahae, and after an initial defeat, celebrated by Vonones on his coins, Artabanus succeeded in capturing the throne, still dressed in rags as a nomadic Scythian.
	americanhistory.si.edu /collections/numismatics/parthia/frames/phisfm.htm (2182 words)

	InfoHub - The Parthians
		Tiridates expanded the Parthian domain in 217 B.C. He occupied Hyrcania and Comisene and gained the rich lands of the southeast coast of the Caspian Sea.
		Tiridates died in 211 B.C. and his son Artabanus I (called Arsaces II by some historians) became king.
		Parthia was the only nation that stood up to Rome while Rome was at the height of its power.
	www.infohub.com /forums/printthread.php?t=3685 (1782 words)

	Ancient coins of Parthia
		C., Parthia, 1903 (with references to the works of Prokesch, Longpérier, Markoff, and, especially, P. Gardner’s Parthian Coinage, 1877); Ritter A. von Petrowicz, Arsaciden-Münzen, Wien, 1904 (a Catalogue of the Petrowicz Coll.).
		On the later tetradrachms the usual type is a figure of the Tyche of a Greek city (probably Seleuceia) presenting a diadem (wreath?) or palm-branch to the reigning king.
		Tiridates I. Arsaces, son of Tiridates I. Phriapatius.
	www.snible.org /coins/hn/parthia.html (717 words)

	Parthian Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Tiridates died in 211 BC and was succeeded by his son Artabanus who himself died in 191 BC and succeeded by his own son Priapatius.
		Mithradates' son Phraates II wrested Margiana from the Bactrians and defeated and killed Antiochus VII (brother of the prisoner Demetrius II).
		Parthia itself with Parthaunis as its capital is ruled by the Parni Clan of which King Phraates III is the head.
	www.donaldhs.vic.edu.au /home/spotter/Parthian_Empire.html (1951 words)

	RSACIDS, THE (Persian AÞka@n^a@n), Parthian dynasty which ruled Iran from about 250 B
		Photius' epitome runs as follows: “Arsaces and Tiridates were brothers, descendants of Phriapites, the son of Arsaces [Syncellus: the brothers “were allegedly descendants of the Persian Artaxerxes”].
		Even Mithridates II, however, soon came up against an internal problem which was eventually to prove a contributory factor in the downfall of the Parthian empire: the power and influence of the Parthian nobility, represented by a few great families, were from now on in a position to oppose the monarch frequently.
		Tiridates was noted for his strict piety; and under him and his descendants Armenia became predominantly and devoutly Zoroastrian (see Armenia, religion.).
	www.iranica.com /newsite/articles/v2f5/v2f5a012.html (13151 words)

	Parthia information - Search.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Parthia derives from Latin Parthia, from Old Persian Parthava-, a dialectical variant of the stem Parsa-, from which Persia derives.
		In 53 BCE, the Roman general Crassus invaded Parthia, but was defeated at the Battle of Carrhae by a Parthian commander called Surena in the Greek and Latin sources, most likely a member of the Sûrên clan.
		In 41 BCE Parthia, led by Labienus, invaded Syria, Cilicia, and Caria and attacked Phrygia in Asia Minor.
	c10-ss-1-lb.cnet.com /reference/Parthia (3000 words)

	History of Iran: Parthian Empire
		After the fall of the Achaemenid Empire, Parthia, northeastern Iran, was governed by the Seleucid kings: a Macedonian dynasty that ruled in the Asian territories of the former Persian Empire.
		The Parthian kings -Arsaces I, Arsaces II, Phriapathus, Phraates I- recognized the Seleucid king as their superiors, especially after the campaign of Antiochus III the Great, who reconquered the lost eastern territories between 209 and 204 BCE.
		His enemy Demetrius II tried to reconquer his lost territories, but was defeated and -even more humiliating- caught.
	www.iranchamber.com /history/parthians/parthians.php (1968 words)

	Fabricius Flavius/Parthia
		The revolt was led by the brothers Arsaces and Tiridates.
		But by 40 B.C. even Rome had to acknowledge a Parthia whose forces, under the joint command of Pacorus I and Q. Labienus, a Roman, had struck directly into the heart of the Roman East and captured the provinces of Asia, Pamphylia, Cilicia, and Syria; even as far south as Petra, Parthia's word was law.
		Parthian language is a Middle Iranian language originated in Parthia (mainly the northeastern corner of modern,Iran and central-western south of Turkmenistan),and became the oficial language of Arsacid period.
	magellannarfe.com /Parthia/index.html (1574 words)

	Persian Empire By Pejman Azadi - The Parthia (Ashkanian) Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Following Zhang Qian's embassy and report, commercial relations between China, Central Asia, and Parthia flourished, as many Chinese missions were sent throughout the 1st century BCE: "The largest of these embassies to foreign states numbered several hundred persons, while even the smaller parties included over 100 members...
		Parthia, now impoverished and without any hope to recover the lost territories, was demoralized.
		The kings were forced to concede greater powers to the nobility, and the vassal kings began to waver in their allegiance.
	pejman.azadi.googlepages.com /theparthia(ashkanian)empire (2157 words)

	Aghtamar - Church of the Holy Cross
		Both Rome and Parthia strove to establish their own candidates on the Armenian throne until a lasting measure of equilibrium was secured by the treaty of Rhandeia, concluded in AD 63 between the Roman general Corbulo and Tiridates (Tirdat).
		A dispute with Parthia led to the country's annexation by the emperor Trajan in 115 or 116, but his successor, Hadrian, withdrew the frontier of the Roman Empire to the Euphrates.
		Tiridates II's resistance to the Sasanids, after the fall of the Arsacid dynasty in Persia (224), ended in his assassination by their agent Anak the Parthian (about 238) and in the conquest of Armenia by Shapur I, who placed his vassal Artavazd on the throne (252).
	www.ling.umd.edu /~ninaka/grace/aghtamar/main/pages/armhistory4.htm (287 words)

	Rome and Parthia: Power Politics and Diplomacy Across Cultural Frontiers
		Parthia emerged both as the inheritor of early Middle Eastern influences and as the limit of Roman power in the east.
		Parthia established itself as an independent region by breaking away from the Seleucid Kingdom in the third century B.C. (circa 250-238 B.C.), with the Arsacids defeating an independent satrap, probably Andragoras, by 238 B.C.(46) Thereafter the Parthians fought to become a locus of independent power as the strength of the Seleucid kingdom fluctuated.
		Parthia, in turn, had to face major territorial challenges in the east and north, and found its security readily undermined by Armenian plots, Roman incursions from Syria, or by internal dissent.
	www.international-relations.com /rp/Parthia-NewWB.htm (13015 words)

	The Armenian Church \| About St. Vartan
		In 252, Tiridates II was murdered, tradition has it, by Anak Suren Pahlaw, a member of one of the great noble clans of Parthia and Armenia who had apparently been recruited by the Sasanians to destroy the Arsacid line.
		When Tiridates was killed, the Armenian nobles hastened after the murderer and killed him by flinging him from the bridge called Tap'erakan at Artashat, and exterminated all his family except for two sons.
		As for the date of 252 assigned to the murder of Khosrov II, it is suggested that this event was telescoped together with the flight of king Tiridates II to Rome.
	www.armenianchurch.net /heritage/history/vartan/essay3.html (3040 words)

	Parthian Empire: 250 BC-AD 225
		In 211 BC, Tiridates was succeeded by Artabanus I. He increased Parthian domains, including the Iranian Plateau and Tigris/Euphrates River Valley.
		In 92 BC, Mithridates II was able to conclude the first treaty between Parthia and Rome.
		The decline of the Parthian Empire was due to the Romans invading and sacking the Parthian Empire.
	www.thenagain.info /Webchron/MiddleEast/Parthian.html (509 words)

	THE EMPIRE OF ARSACID DYNASTY - (The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies - CAIS)©
		Mithradates II the Great made Iran back into a world power, and its relations with Rome in the west and China in the east show the importance of the position it occupied in the political and economic life of the contemporary world.
		Emperor Mithradates II gave formal expression to the increase in his power by assuming the title of Shahanshah “King of Kings”.
		With the accession of Vologases II CE 148-92 the Iranian retribution began to be exacted from the Romans.
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/History/ashkanian/parthian.htm (2618 words)

	A Roman description of the Parthians from Justin's History of the World - (CAIS) ©
		After the death of Alexander, when the kingdoms of the east were divided among his successors, the government of Parthia was committed to Stasanor, a foreign ally, because none of the Macedonians would deign to accept it.
		But the fate of Parthia, in which it is now, as it were, customary that the princes should be assassins of their kindred, ordained that the most cruel of them all, Phraates by name, should be fixed upon for their king.
		But his murders did not end with his father's sons; for finding that the nobility began to detest him for his constant barbarities, he caused his own son, who was grown up, to be killed, that there might be no one to be nominated king.
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/History/ashkanian/justin_history_parthian.htm (2632 words)

	Notebook
		By the mid fourth century they were so weakened and disunited by the constant hostilities between their states that they fell into the hands of Philip II, the dynamic ruler of the northern monarchy of Macedonia.
		His son Diodotus II co-operated with the Parthians but was soon murdered by a usurper, Euthydemus, who extended the realm.
		Western terrain was lost to Mithradates I of Parthia; Heliocles I took over a shrunken realm north of the Hindu Kush, with areas beyond the Oxus lost to encroaching nomad [p.
	www.noteaccess.com /APPROACHES/Parthian.htm (3561 words)

	PARTHIA - Online Information article about PARTHIA
		Tiridates are derived from the royal See also:
		Hierax, enabled him not only to maintain himself in Parthia, but also to conquer Hyrcania; but he was constantly threatened by Diodotus of Bactria (Justin xli.
		His son, Arsaces II., was attacked by Antiochus III., the Great, in 209, who conquered the Parthian and Hyrcanian towns but at last granted a See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /PAI_PAS/PARTHIA.html (1629 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 363 (v. 1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Parthamasiris, reduced to extremity, humbled himself before Trajan, and placed his royal diadem at the feet of the emperor, hoping that Trajan would restore it to him and recognize him as a subject king.
		arsaces II., the brother of ArtabamisIV.,the last Arsacid in Parthia, by whom he was made king of Armenia in the first year of the reign of Alexander Severus.
		(Tiranus), the son of Diran (Tiridates III.), ascended the throne either in the seventeentli year of the reign of Constantius, that is, in a.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/0372.html (865 words)

	AncientCreations.com...Sharing The Experience of the Ancient World
		In their conquest of the land and riches of the ancient cultures of Asia the Romans encountered not only Greek kingdoms, but also a powerful empire called Parthia which was ruled by people native to modern Iran.
		This kingdom was destined to survive for five hundred years, and their armies would prove to be a thorn in the side of the Romans, with whom they were in perpetual conflict.
		At that time Tiridates declared Christianity as the national religion, the first country in the world to do so, some 20 years before Constantine the Great did the same for the Roman Empire.
	www.ancientcreations.com /persian/pendants7.asp (835 words)

	Tiridates III of Parthia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tiridates III of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire briefly in 35–36.
		However, Tiridates, who was proclaimed king, could not maintain himself, because he appeared to be a vassal of the Romans.
		Tiridates left Seleucia on the Tigris and fled to Syria.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tiridates_III_of_Parthia (208 words)

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