
	Where results make sense

Topic: Tironian notes

Related Topics

Marcus Tullius Tiro

Shorthand

Gregg Shorthand

Cicero

Quickscript

In the News (Fri 27 Nov 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Tironian notes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tironian notes (notae Tironianae) is a system of shorthand said to have been invented by Cicero's scribe Marcus Tullius Tiro.
		In the Medieval period, Tironian notes were taught in monasteries and the system was extended to about 13,000 signs.
		Two Tironian notes are still used today: the Tironian “et” in Ireland – also used elsewhere in flletter texts as late as 1821 –, and the “z” of “viz” (short for videlicet), which denotes a Tironian symbol shaped somewhat like a “z”.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tironian_notes (231 words)

	[No title]
		The Tironian notes belonged to a system which was actually tachygraphic; that is, each word was represented by a character, alphabetic in origin, but having an ideographic value.
		Such notes continued to appear in royal deeds down to the end of the 9th century; and so inveterate had their employment become in certain positions in the charters, that the scribes, after having forgotten their meaning, went on adding mere imitative signs.
		In general literature Tironian notes were adopted in the 9th and loth centuries by the revisers and annotators of texts.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /correction/edit?content_id=61028&locale=en (6653 words)

	Shorthand - LoveToKnow 1911
		Here it may be noticed that certain words of Diogenes Laertius have been taken to imply that Xenophon wrote shorthand notes (inroarhuftcoub vos) of the lectures of Socrates; yet a similar expression in another passage, which will not bear this meaning, renders it hardly possible that tachygraphy is referred to.
		But in the medieval inscriptions written in Tironian notes a syllabic system was made use of in such cases; and hence arose variations in different countries in the syllabic method of expressing words; an Italian system, a French system and a Spanish system having already been identified.
		In general literature Tironian notes were adopted in the 9th and 10th centuries by the revisers and annotators of texts.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Shorthand (8236 words)

	Tironian notes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Tironian notes (notae Tironianae) is a system of shorthand invented by Cicero's scribe Marcus Tullius Tiro.
		In the Medieval period, Tironian notes were taught in monastries and the system was extended to about 13,000 signs.
		The use of Tironian notes declined after 1100 A.D. but some use can still be seen for the 17th century.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/t/ti/tironian_notes.html (115 words)

	Shorthand - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Shorthand notes are typically temporary, intended for later transcription to longhand.
		The original Tironian notes consisted of about 4000 signs but new signs were introduced so that their number could increase up to 13 000.
		After the Decline of the Roman Empire, the Tironian notes were not used any more to transcribe speeches, though they were still known and taught, increasingly so in the Carolingian Renaissance.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Stenographic (1961 words)

	Palæography
		These were the Tironian notes, the invention of which is attributed to Tullius Tiro, a freedman of Cicero (Suetonius, "De Viris illust.
		The first line and the royal signature are in more elongated characters; at the beginning of the document is the chrismon, or monogram of Christ, formed of the Greek letters X and P interlaced, which replaces the invocation in use in the imperial diplomas.
		Tironian notes also accompany the signatures on twenty-seven diplomas; they represent the names of persons -- referendaries or notaries -- who assisted in the preparation and expediting of the document.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/p/palaeography.html (6852 words)

	Vindolanda Tablets Online \| Tablets \| Tab. Vindol. II Category introductions \| Shorthand texts
		So-called Tironian notes are preserved in a number of Latin manuscripts of the Carolingian period, see Schmitz (1893).
		Whether the tachygraphic writing on our tablets represents Tironian notes as known from the Carolingian period (Mentz's System A), or whether, as we think less likely, it represents either of those known from Ravenna, or whether it represents something different from any of the known systems, we do not feel competent to judge.
		Even if they are essentially the same as the attested Tironian notes, we can hardly suppose that the signs would have been made in the same way 500 or more years earlier and on a different medium.
	vindolanda.csad.ox.ac.uk /tablets/TVIIcat-shand.shtml (740 words)

	Manures And Manuring - LoveToKnow 1911
		St Augustine refers to his tablets, and St Hilary of Arles also mentions their employment for the purpose of correspondence; there is a record of a letter written in tabella as late as A.D. They were very commonly used throughout the middle ages in all the west of Europe.
		The fact that vellum was a tough material capable of being inscribed on both sides, that writing, particularly if freshly written, could be easily washed off or erased from it, and that the material could thus be made available for second use, no doubt contributed largely to its ready adoption.
		It should be noted that this stroke indicated the close of a passage, and therefore belonged to the paragraph just concluded, and did not stand for an initial sign for the new paragraph which followed.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Manures_And_Manuring (18156 words)

	Abecedaria: Roman Shorthand: Tironian Notes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This is the first 20 words of Psalm 12:6-7 * in Tironian notes.
		Tironian Notes are attributed to Tiro, who worked for Cicero.
		The point was ivory or steel, the other end flat in order to easily smooth the wax when the notes were no longer needed and a new tablet required.
	abecedaria.blogspot.com /2005/12/roman-shorthand-tironian-notes.html (692 words)

	Online Etymology Dictionary
		Extended to a set of three of anything in 1733, and to three children at the same birth in 1787 (another word for this was trin, 1831, on the model of twin).
		OED notes that it has a peculiar odor (but doesn't suggest a connection with smell); Klein suggests a connection with the way the fish melts in one's mouth.
		The use of letters to denote music notes is probably at least from ancient Greece, as their numbering system was ill-suited to the job.
	www.etymonline.com /index.php?search=notes (2866 words)

	Manuscript Studies: Paleography: Scribal Abbreviations
		Note also that the shapes of Arabic numerals are also useful in dating a manuscript.
		Tironian nota for "et" (this frequently looks like a small number "7" or, later, a "z" or a "z" inside a circle; cf.
		The Tironian "et" sign was used in Insular scripts, and it gradually, in the twelfth century, replaces the ampersand which was used in early Caroline minuscule; it survives through the Gothic period, but the ampersand re-emerges in the early modern period.
	www.ualberta.ca /~sreimer/ms-course/course/abbrevtn.htm (1069 words)

	shorthand
		Nonetheless, he acknowledged, transcribing his notes of each day's deliberation enabled him to plan his own moves for the following day as promoter of the republican plan of government that was, ultimately, adopted.
		Pages from his shorthand notes show Lloyd's "taking" (as the verbatim speech record is called by stenographers) that he later transcribed, edited, and published.
		Lloyd's notes are shown here as reproduced in Bickford by courtesy of the Library of Congress (Bickford, l992, 469).
	web.syr.edu /~cfsmith/congress/episodes/1789/comments/US/shorthand.html (3212 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		She also argues that the lack of direct quotation of Plato's work may have been due to that fact that the Phaedo was "virtually devoid of succinct epigrams." Nonetheless, she contends that the work had a major influence on the emerging thirteenth-century concept of harmony.
		On page 13, note 46 et seq., it is not clear, without going to the texts themselves, whether Grosseteste or Anonymous IV is being cited.
		As we noted, Professor van Deusen wishes to place music in the context of the intellectual environment of the early thirteenth- century university.
	www.infomotions.com /serials/bmmr/bmmr-9506-ginther-theology.txt (2780 words)

	Diplomatic - LoveToKnow 1911
		Stenographic signs of the system known as Tironian notes were also sometimes added to this symbol down to the end of the 10th century, expressing such a phrase as Ante omnia Christus, or Christus, or Amen.
		or s., was often finished off with flourishes and interlacings, sometimes accompanied with Tironian notes, the whole taking the shape of a domed structure to which the French have given the name of ruche or bee-hive.
		Thus in the early middle ages we have deeds authenticated by the subscription, usually autograph, giving the name and titles of the person executing, and stating the part taken by him in the deed, and closing with the subscripsi, often in shape of the ruche and constituting the signum manuale.
	43.1911encyclopedia.org /D/DI/DIPLOMATIC.htm (8150 words)

	FRANCIS JOB SHORT (185... - Online Information article about FRANCIS JOB SHORT (185... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Tironian notes belonged to a system which was actually tachygraphic; that is, each word was represented by a See also:
		express an unusual word, such as a proper name, it was customary, at least in the written notes which have survived, to express it by a group of syllabic signs.
		Such notes continued to appear in royal deeds down to the end of the 9th century; and so inveterate had their employment become in certain positions in the charters, that the See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /SHA_SIV/SHORT_FRANCIS_JOB_1857_.html (4560 words)

	Shorthand - MSN Encarta
		The beginning of shorthand is usually dated from the writings of the Greek historian Xenophon, who used an ancient Greek system to write Socrates' memoirs.
		Shorthand first came into wide use in the Roman Empire, with notae Tironianae (“Tironian notes”), a system invented in 63 bc by the freedman Marcus Tullius Tiro.
		Derived from cursive longhand, with many abbreviations, the system was taught in Roman schools and used to record the speeches of the statesmen Cicero, Cato, and Julius Caesar, the proceedings of the Senate, and later, those of Church councils.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761568781/Shorthand.html (719 words)

	Abbreviations
		One in particular, the Tironian notes, was in use until around the 10th century.
		Rapid writing, and the sort of crammed writing that was used in the glosses of university texts to fit masses of material on to a page, used extensive abbreviation rather than special systems of shorthand symbols.
		The above example shows the Tironian et in the first word, as used for many centuries before it was overtaken by the symbol which we describe today as an ampersand.
	medievalwriting.50megs.com /scripts/abbreviation/abbreviation1.htm (764 words)

	WU Libraries Special Collections - Shorthand
		Carpentier's work is an early attempt to explain the cipherment and decipherment of Tironian notes, said to have been invented by M. Tullius Tiro, freedman of Cicero.
		One of the earliest forms of shorthand, Tironian notes utilize a tachygraphic system, that is, one in which the alphabetic characters used have an ideographic value.
		One of its features, that of employing initial letters to represent words, is still in use today, as, for example, the use of "A.D." for "Anno Domini" and "N.B." for "Nota bene." Carpentier devotes considerable attention to the Latin manuscript number 2718 at the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris.
	library.wustl.edu /units/spec/rarebooks/semeiology/shorthand.html (665 words)

	Abecedaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		I was surfing the internet looking for more on the diæresis (note that I have used the more correct U+00E6 today) when I received notification of a proposal that included this dear little thing.
		Notes: The image above is from Alfabetos de Ayer y de Hoy.
		It is interesting to note that Greek has letters for double consonants like 'ps', 'dz', 'ks', and English still has 'ks'.
	www.proxyspy.com /index.php?q=aHR0cDovL2FiZWNlZGFyaWEuYmxvZ3Nwb3QuY29tLw== (6516 words)

	© Barbara Haggh and Michel Huglo, 29 October, 2004
		According to Contreni, the emphasis here is on the importance of correct prayer to God The psalms were the foundation of the liturgy, and by learning to read and memorize them, boys would learn correct pronunciation of Latin and build their vocabulary.
		Contreni limits the ‘notas’ to Tironian notes, a Roman shorthand that was introduced in Francia, and some psalters do survive that were written entirely in Tironian notes, but the term had a wider range of meanings according to Isidore of Seville, whose Etymologies were well known at that time.
		According to this diagram, we recognize the place of the final note in a chant, which must occur in the tetrachord of the finals, or, if the chant is transposed, in the tetrachord of the superiores.
	www.music.umd.edu /Faculty/haggh-huglo/barbtwo.html (5036 words)

	Encarta's Introduction to Cryptography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Such ciphers are recognized by the occurrence of a set of normal letter frequencies attached to the wrong letters.
		They are solved by using frequency analysis and by noting the characteristics of particular letters, such as the tendency to form doubles, common word prefixes and suffixes, common first and last letters in words, and common combinations, such as qu, th, er, and re.
		A substitution cipher is performed by reordering the letters in the alphabet.
	www.antilles.k12.vi.us /math/cryptotut/encarta_intro.htm (2514 words)

	R. B. Stout's "A Singular Discovery" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Since Tironian notes had been used in secret communications by royal chanceries and adapted by Pope Sylvester II (999-1003) as a cipher, Trithemius viewed them primarily as secret writing.
		It should be noted in the illustration below that the Irish cipher even has a dot in front of it similar to one of the three "Anthon" characters it is compared to.
		Note: the paragraph in which "note 63" appeared in the original, Evangel version of this article, has been deleted at the request of the author.
	olivercowdery.com /smithhome/2000s/2001RBSt.htm (16886 words)

	Bishop Gislebertus of Chartres
		Chartres may or may not have been a significant place in Charles' thinking and politics, but his surviving charters certainly shed no light whatever on whether or not it was.
		Though it is worth noting that Gislebertus' penultimate predecessor, Burcard (853~6), was appointed one of three royal missi for the pagi of Blois, Orléans, Vêndome, Chartres, Dreux, Châteaudun, Étampes, Evreux, Poissy, Arapajon, and Merey (Capitulare Missarum Silvacense, MGH, Cap.
		Gislebertus therefore seems to have two distinct “styles” : in the beginning he is under the influence of Aeneas and some of his other colleagues in the chancellery; later he seems to launch out on his own.
	www.ariadne.org /cc/bishops/bgislebertus.html (2182 words)

	Stenography
		It was in the Roman Empire, however, that shorthand first became generally used.
		Marcus Tullius Tiro, a learned freedman who was a member of Cicero's household, invented the notae Tironianae ("Tironian notes"), the first Latin shorthand system.
		By the 15th century, with the discovery in a Benedictine monastery of a lexicon of Ciceronian notes and a Psalter written in Tironian shorthand, a renewed interest in the practice was aroused.
	cyberspacei.com /englishwiz/library/stenography (2211 words)

	Joseph Smith as Sole Author of the Book of Mormon
		Also note that Restorationism was held initially and eventually (it still remains today as a quite minority position among Protestantism in the Churches of Christ and a few other small denominations) by a very small number of men and congregations.
		Reviewing my notes I saw then when I worked on the theory that there may have been a division in the BOM between the Books that I took to be entirely the work of Smith and those that he worked on under the influence of Rigdon.
		In researching the history of Tironian notes, Stout discovered that there was a proliferation of shorthands derived from the Tironian in England in the 16 and 17th centuries.
	www.exmormon.org /mormon/mormon389.htm (14287 words)

	Palaeography
		Finally, for short notes written in wax tablets, personal letters, and other everyday usage, the Romans developed a cursive script, Roman cursive.
		Cursive scripts, while they lacked the legibility of calligraphic (upright) scripts, were widely used because of the time saved in writing them.
		It was around this time that one can note the first signs of the development of the Gothic script in France.
	members.tripod.com /nicolaa5/articles/pal.html (2584 words)

	notae Tironianae - Topic Powered by eve community
		On today's chat, I happened to mention Tironian Notes during a discussion of medical abbreviations with Kalleh.
		Basically Tironian Notes are the first recorded instance of shorthand (or tachygraphy).
		There are some extant examples of the notes amongst the Vindolanda writing tablets.
	wordcraft.infopop.cc /eve/forums/a/tpc/f/332607094/m/6811032601 (659 words)

	Re: VMs: Tironian Notes (examples posted) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It has no relevance to the VMS because: 1) it looks different 2) it went out of use in the 12th century or earlier.
		To be precise, by the time of the 15th century only a handful of Tironian notae were still in use, and then often in a bastardised form.
		However, the same Ms also seems to use (overscore) in many places as a way of indicating to the reader "this is a non-systematic abbreviation, so fill in the blank with whatever seems most obvious from context".
	www.voynich.net /Arch/2003/11/msg00178.html (181 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)