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Topic: Titanium(IV) oxide

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	Crystal Structure of Rutile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The ionic radius of the titanium(IV) ion is 0.745 angstroms and that of the oxide ion is 1.26 angstroms.
		The red spheres represent the oxide ions and the blue spheres represent the titanium(IV) ions.
		Because the oxide ions adopt a hcp structure, there are two oxide ions in the hcp unit cell.
	www.chm.davidson.edu /ChemistryApplets/Crystals/IonicSolids/Rutile.html (299 words)

	Patent 4140654: Catalyst composition with support comprising titanium oxide and clay mineral for vapor phase reduction ...
		A catalyst composition for the vapor phase reduction of nitrogen oxides with ammonia, which consists essentially of a non-noble transition metal compound supported on a shaped carrier comprising a titanium oxide and a clay mineral having an average particle size of 0.1 to 100 microns.
		Reduction of nitrogen oxides by this type of process is performed by contacting an exhaust gas containing the nitrogen oxides with an ammonia gas at elevated temperatures in the presence of a catalyst, thereby to reduce the nitrogen oxides to harmless nitrogen and water, as schematically shown below.
		The titanium oxide used in the present invention is a term which denotes hydrous titanium oxides, such as ortho-titanic acid or meta-titanic acid, obtained by hydrolyzing titanium salts such as titanium chloride or titanium sulfate, and titanium oxides obtained by drying these hydrous titanium oxides at room temperature to 1,000.degree.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4140654.html (4060 words)

	Vanadium(V) oxide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Related to this is its the ability to catalyse the delivery of oxygen from the air to compounds such as sulfur dioxide, benzene and naphthalene, which is the basis for its industrial use as a catalyst in the manufacture of sulfuric acid, maleic anhydride and phthalic anhydride, respectively.
		It is a poisonous orange solid which, because of its high oxidation state, is both an amphoteric oxide and an oxidising agent.
		All of the oxygen atoms in the compound are in the -2 oxidation state.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vanadium%28V%29_oxide (845 words)

	Titanium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Titanium oxide is produced commercially by grinding its mineral ore and mixing it with potassium carbonate and aqueous hydrofluoric acid.
		For example; cuprotitanium (rutile with copper added is reduced), ferrocarbon titanium (ilmenite reduced with coke in an electric furnace), and manganotitanium (rutile with manganese or manganese oxides are reduced).
		Although titanium metal is relatively uncommon, due to the cost of extraction, titanium dioxide (also called titanium(IV), titanium white, or even titania) is cheap, nontoxic, readily available in bulk, and very widely used as a white pigment in paint, enamel, lacquer, plastic and construction cement.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Titanium (2250 words)

	Patent 4431572: Retreating comminuted olefin polymerization catalyst with a titanium (IV) compound, a chlorocarbon and ...
		Titanium(IV) compounds useful in preparation of the stereospecific supported catalyst components of this invention are titanium halies and haloalcoholates having 1 to about 20 carbon atoms per alcoholate group such as methoxy, ethoxy, butoxy, hexoxy, phenoxy, decoxy, naphthoxy, dodecoxy and eicosoxy.
		Titanium(IV) compounds useful in retreatment are titanium halides and haloalcoholates having 1 to about 20 carbon atoms per alcoholate group such as methoxy, ethoxy, butoxy, hexoxy, phenoxy, decoxy, naphthoxy, dodecoxy and eicosoxy.
		Although the titanium(IV) compound and chlorocarbon and organic acid ester can be combined before retreatment, the usual procedure is to contact the comminuted component first with the chlorocarbon then with the titanium(IV) compound in a diluent.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4431572.html (8215 words)

	Encyclopedia: Titanium dioxide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium(IV) oxide or titania, is the naturally occurring oxide of titanium, chemical formula TiO
		An oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements, e.
		Brookite is a mineral consisting of titanium oxide, TiO2, and hence identical with rutile and anatase in composition, but crystallizing in the orthorhombic system (see crystal structure).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/titanium-dioxide (1929 words)

	Encyclopedia: Titanium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium(IV) oxide or titania, is the naturally occurring oxide of titanium, chemical formula TiO2.
		The FFC Cambridge Process is an electrochemical method in which solid metal compounds, particularly oxides, are cathodically reduced to the respective metals or alloys in molten salts.
		Ruby is a red gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum (aluminium oxide) in which the color is caused mainly by chromium.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Titanium (9631 words)

	Patent 5100764: Method of making patterned metal oxide films comprising a sol-gel of metal oxide and a photoactive
		The sol-gel is applied to a silicon wafer substrate, and the wafer subjected to a predetermined pattern of ultraviolet light to cause the photo-active compound to respond to the ultraviolet light.
		The method of claim 1 wherein the metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of oxides of aluminum, silicon, tungsten, titanium, vanadium, chromium, iron, cobalt, nickel, germanium, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, indium, tin, antimony, tantalum, and lead.
		Generally, in the process a colloidal suspension is made of the metal oxide and is coated on the wafer and then caused to coalesce to a uniform homogeneous film or coating.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5100764.html (2626 words)

	solutions to chem 1 exams, 1996-97; 1b, third midterm
		Predict the crystal structure of titanium(IV) oxide which is known to geologists as the mineral rutile.
		The ratio of the ionic radii of the Ti(IV) and oxide ions is 0.49 which lies in the range for packing of ions in octahedral holes.
		The oxide anions are outnumbered by a factor of 2:1 so the coordination number of oxide is (6)/(2) =3.
	pages.pomona.edu /~wsteinmetz/ex_soln/exam_3b.htm (813 words)

	AUFBAU1 [METALS: TITANIUM]
		Titanium(IV) chloride is often stated to be a polymerization catalyst: however, experiments have shown that the true catalyst is titanium(III) chloride [which is formed by adding triethylaluminium, (C
		Al, to a reaction mixture of titanium(IV) chloride and alkene].
		State the two measurements that are required to determine whether a substance is acting as a catalyst (apart from a comparison of reaction rates with and without the substance).
	www.wissensdrang.com /auf1ti.htm (621 words)

	Titanium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		However, the pure metal was not made until 1910 by Hunter, who heated titanium(IV) chloride with sodium in a steel bomb.
		Titanium(IV) oxide is produced commercially by either the Sulfate Process or the Chloride Process, both of which prepare titanium oxide from the mineral ilmenite.
		However, the largest use of titanium is in the form of titanium(IV) oxide, which is extensively used in both house paint and artists' paint.
	www.carsoncityschools.com /eaglevalley/school/virtuatext/chem/periodic/elements/titanium.htm (394 words)

	Tin and organotin compounds (EHC 15, 1980)
		The fusion of tin(IV) oxide with sodium or potassium hydroxide yields stannates.
		In the organotin compounds of practical importance, R is usually a butyl, octyl, or phenyl group and X is commonly chloride, fluoride, oxide, hydroxide, carboxylate, or thiolate.
		The practical minimum limits of detection for tricyclohexyltin hydroxide and dicyclohexyltin oxide were 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg, respectively, in the 3 crops studied.
	www.inchem.org /documents/ehc/ehc/ehc015.htm (10524 words)

	Encyclopedia: Salt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		yellow (sodium chromate), orange (sodium dichromate), red (mercury sulfide), mauve (cobalt dichloride hexahydrate), blue (copper sulfate pentahydrate, ferric hexacyanoferrate), green (nickel oxide), colorless (magnesium sulfate), white (titanium dioxide), and fl (manganese dioxide).
		White is a color (more accurately it contains all the colors of the visible spectrum and is sometimes described as an achromatic colorâ€”fl is the absence of color) that has high brightness but zero hue.
		Manganese(IV) oxide (MnO2) is a chemical compound also known as manganese dioxide or manganese oxide.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Salt (2765 words)

	Information on titanium dioxide: Chemicalfacts.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The oxide was first discovered by an amateur chemist, W. Gregor in 1791, from ilmenite, a fl iron-containing mineral.
		The oxide is insoluble in water or dilute acids, but soluble in concentrated sulfuric acid.
		Due to its inert chemical nature and white coloring durability titanium(IV) oxide's main use are pigments in paints, enamels, lacquers and food industry.
	www.chemicalfacts.com /T/titanium_dioxide.php (501 words)

	Synthesis of Pigments and Types of Reactions 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Iron (III) oxide, Fe, is mined and produces a range of red to yellow pigments depending on how it is treated.
		The metal oxide, carbon dioxide gas, and water vapor are common products.
		Write a balanced chemical reaction for the decomposition of aluminum hydrogen carbonate to form aluminum oxide, carbon dioxide gas, and water vapor.
	ewhschemistry.tripod.com /paint/synpigreact.htm (1244 words)

	Development of Liquid Phase Deposition of Zirconium Oxide and Comparison to Silicon Dioxide
		The oxide is furthermore grown selectively on the substrate and no growth occurs on materials such as photoresist.
		Etching of the native oxide cannot be the case, because the samples were still hydrophobic even after several days, in which time a native oxide would have certainly been formed.
		A process for deposition of zirconium oxide, analogous to the liquid phase deposition of silicon dioxide, was attempted.
	www.hut.fi /~spniskan/LPD/lpd.html (3346 words)

	Titanium oxide
		noveI compounds are prepared by mixing titanium dioxide with an oxide of M, to form a doped titanium oxide, and reducing the doped titanium oxide.
		The synthesis of the liquid form titanium oxide material is carried out using novel aqueous phase spin-on deposited hybrid titanium oxide material.
		Titanium oxide is the white paint which had, for example, always been in use Thus, although titanium oxide is far better than Lomit during the day,
	titanium.sitesarea.com /q/titanium-titanium-oxide.htm (854 words)

	tio2_man (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This manual describes the experimental procedure for preparing the anatase form of titanium (IV) oxide from titanium (IV) chloride in a nonhydrolytic solvent.
		The primary purpose of the manual is to provide specific details on reaciton conditions and on the step-by-step processes involved in equipment operation; this will, hopefully, allow the synthetic reactions to be performed with greater reproducibility.
		It is of course possible to vary the solvent, the alkyl group in the alkoxide, and the identity of the halide (F, Cl, Br, or I), though it has been found that the size of the alkyl group affects the reaction rate.
	nanonet.rice.edu /manuals/tio2.html (2832 words)

	Oxide titanium
		Abstract: This standard specifies a method for the determination of content of titanium oxide of alumosilicates in fine ceramics.
		Physico-Chemical Characterization of Nanosize Zinc Oxide and Titanium Dioxide used as UV Sunscreen Agents in Cosmetic Formulations.
		Titanium Oxide is a white to creamy white material as a pressed target.
	titanium.sitesarea.com /q/titanium-oxide-titanium.htm (687 words)

	Directory of open access journals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Oxochloroalkoxide of the Cerium (IV) and Titanium (IV) as oxides precursor
		The Cerium (IV) and Titanium (IV) oxides mixture (CeO2-3TiO2) was prepared by thermal treatment of the oxochloroisopropoxide of Cerium (IV) and Titanium (IV).
		The X-ray diffraction patterns of the oxides resulting from the thermal decomposition of the precursor at 1000 degreesC for 36 h indicated the formation of cubic cerianite (a = 5.417Å) and tetragonal rutile (a = 4.592Å) and (c = 2.962 Å), with apparent crystallite sizes around 38 and 55nm, respectively.
	www.doaj.org /abstract?id=21925&toc=y (144 words)

	Titanium Oxide
		Titanium oxide bands are prominent in the spectra of M-type stars.
		Material Titanium oxide There are two different types of titanium oxides: TiO2, and Ti2O3.
		Titanium dioxide - also known as Titanium oxide as used in cosmetics...
	titaniumvideo.com /titanium-oxide.php (199 words)

	Bez titulku (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In 5L beaker titanium(IV) oxo-sulphate (30g) was suspended in 4L distilled water with 10mL 98% sulphuric acid and to solution was added 200g of urea.
		The mixture was heated to 100 °C under stirring and kept at this temperature for 4 hours until pH 7 was reached and while ammonia escaped(sample TIT-4).
		In 100 mL hot water with 10mL 98% sulphuric acid was dissolved titanium(IV) oxo-sulphate (30g) and pellucid liquid was diluted into 4 L of distilled water and mixed with 200 g of urea.
	www.triboson.com /tit_prep.htm (123 words)

	Compounds. (from titanium) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		A compound of titanium and oxygen was discovered (1791) by the English chemist and mineralogist William Gregor and independently rediscovered (1795) and named by the...
		Titanium has three valences, as in the oxygen compounds titanium(II) oxide, titanium monoxide, or TiO; titanium(III) oxide, or dititanium trioxide, Ti2O3; and titanium(IV) oxide, or titanium dioxide, TiO2.
		Ilmenite is a complex oxide of titanium and iron (FeTiO3).
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=7296 (751 words)

	Manganese(IV) oxide in TutorGig Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		) is a chemical compound also known as 'manganese dioxide' or 'manganese oxide'.
		A green substance, potassium manganate, is obtained after about 10 minutes when melting manganese(IV) oxide with an alkaline salt and adding oxidizing agents like saltpeter (potassium nitrate K N O
		Outdoor Living See all 1367 results in Manganese(IV) oxide...
	www.tutorgig.com /ed/manganese_dioxide (449 words)

	Class Definition for Class 502 - CATALYST, SOLID SORBENT, OR SUPPORT THEREFOR: PRODUCT OR PROCESS OF MAKING
		Generally undesired extraneous carbonaceous material is converted to water and carbon oxides.
		The by-product includes e.g., collected carbon oxide gas from combustion of carbonaceous material fouling a catalyst or heat of oxidation used to provide a source of power.
		The use of heat generated in a process of rehabilitation to preheat the treating agent, sorbent, or catalyst is not considered to be forming a by-product.
	www.uspto.gov /go/classification/uspc502/defs502.htm (5304 words)

	PC Module 2 text
		The limestone decomposes to calcium oxide which combines with silica (from impurities in the ore) to form slag which floats on top of the molten iron that collects at the bottom of the furnace.
		Titanium is extracted from its common ore, titanium(IV) oxide first by reacting it with carbon and chlorine gas at elevated temperatures to form liquid titanium(IV) chloride then by reacting this with molten magnesium to form solid titanium metal and liquid magnesium chloride.
		One method of extracting zinc from its common ore, zinc sulfide, is to roast the ore in air to form zinc oxide and sulfur dioxide, then to heat the zinc oxide with carbon to form zinc and carbon monoxide.
	www.cci.net.au /conqchem/PCmod2Text.htm (4624 words)

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