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Topic: Titanium tetrachloride

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Titanium

Kroll process

Titanium dioxide

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Period 4 element

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Group 5 element

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Titanium

	Titanium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Titanium is well known for its excellent resistance to corrosion; it is almost as resistant as platinum, being able to withstand attack by acids, moist chlorine gas, and by common salt solutions.
		Titanium metal was not used outside the laboratory until 1946 when William Justin Kroll proved that titanium could be commercially produced by reducing titanium tetrachloride with magnesium in the Kroll process which is the method still used today.
		Titanium metal is not found unbound to other elements in nature but the element is the ninth most abundant element in the Earth's crust (0.63% by mass) and is present in most igneous rocks and in sediments derived from them (as well as in living things and natural bodies of water).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Titanium (2847 words)

	EPA - Air Toxics Website - Titanium tetrachloride
		Titanium tetrachloride was formerly used with potassium bitartrate as mordant in the textile industry and with dyewoods in dyeing leather.
		Titanium tetrachloride is highly irritating to the skin, eyes, mucous membranes, and respiratory tract in humans.
		Titanium tetrachloride occurs as a colorless to light yellow liquid that is soluble in cold water and decomposes in hot water.
	www.epa.gov /ttn/atw/hlthef/titanium.html (856 words)

	Titanium (EHC 24, 1982)
		Accidental splashing of workers with titanium tetrachloride and exposure to aerosols of titanic acid and titanic oxychloride led to skin burns with scarring, and congestion of the mucosa in the upper respiratory tract, followed later by cicatrization and laryngeal stenosis.
		Titanium tetrachloride is a liquid, which is stable in dry air, but decomposes in cold water to form titanium oxide and hydrochloric acid.
		Since titanium coheres with iron in most samples, and the ratios found were constant and close to the geochemical average of the ratios of these elements in soils, it was suggested that titanium had originated mainly from a soil source (yielding particles of 1 µm).
	www.inchem.org /documents/ehc/ehc/ehc24.htm (16046 words)

	ATSDR - ToxFAQs™: Titanium Tetrachloride
		Titanium tetrachloride is not found naturally in the environment and is made from minerals that contain titanium.
		Titanium tetrachloride enters the environment primarily in the air from factories that make or use it in various chemical processes, or as a result of spills.
		Because titanium tetrachloride breaks down rapidly in air, you probably would not be exposed to it unless you worked in an industry that made or used it.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /tfacts101.html (925 words)

	Titanium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Impure titanium was prepared by Nilson and Pettersson in 1887; however, the pure metal (99.9%) was not made until 1910 by Hunter by heating TiCl4 with sodium in a steel bomb.
		Titanium is present in the ash of coal, in plants, and in the human body.
		Titanium paint is an excellent reflector of infrared, and is extensively used in solar observatories where heat causes poor seeing conditions.
	www.scescape.net /~woods/elements/titanium.html (574 words)

	titanium
		Titanium tetrachloride, a liquid, fumes in moist air; it is used for smoke screens and in skywriting.
		Titanium esters, formed by the reaction of the tetrachloride with alcohols, are used as waterproofing agents on fabrics.
		Titanium tetrachloride, which is formed, is condensed, purified by fractional distillation, and then reduced with molten magnesium at 800°C in an atmosphere of argon.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/sci/A0848871.html (547 words)

	[No title]
		The manifold and the titanium tetrachloride piping are made of 316L stainless steel or monel throughout the process.
		The titanium tetrachloride lines are pressure tested twice per year and detectors are used to detect hydrolysis products (hydrogen chloride) which occur if the titanium tetrachloride is leaked.
		Titanium tetrachloride is purchased on an inventory control basis such that there is never more than one full and one in use cylinder on site.
	www.rtk.net /rmp/sum7/NJ/fac100000091303 (1045 words)

	Titanium Tetra Chloride TiCl4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		A titanium tetrachloride leak, for example, can be identified by the large amount of white smoke or fumes given off around the area of the leak.The hydrogen chloride or hydrochloric acid formed in the reaction is corrosive and strongly irritating to the mucous membranes, eyes and respiratory tract.
		Because titanium tetrachloride reacts violently with water to produce large amount of heat, use of water to remove it will cause thermal burns to the skins as well as chemical burns Wiping with dry towels or cotton waste must be done to remove most of the material, Followed by washing with copious amount of water.
		If clothing is contaminated with titanium tetra chloride, remove it before washing, since it could get heated up from a possible water titanium tetrachloride reaction causing thermal burns.If titanium tetra chloride is present on the skin after removal of clothing, treat as discussed earlier.
	www.kmml.com /TitaniumTetraChlorideTiCl4.htm (750 words)

	[No title]
		The facility produces titanium sponge and ingots from rutile (primarily titanium dioxide) by a series of chemical processes, which include chlorination, purification, reduction with magnesium metal, and vacuum distillation.
		Titanium tetrachloride and chlorine are regulated substances, each with RMP threshold quantities of 2500 pounds.
		The process units within the titanium tetrachloride process, which is subject to RMP Program Level 2, are the Chlorination Unit, Titanium Tetrachloride Purification Unit, Titanium Tetrachloride Storage Unit, and the Vacuum Distillation Unit.
	www.rtk.net /rmp/sum7/NV/fac100000072404 (6783 words)

	titanium
		Titanium is resistant to dilute sulfuric and hydrochloric acid, most organic acids, moist chlorine gas, and chloride solutions.
		Titanium metal is considered to be physiologically inert; however, titanium powder may be a carcinogenic hazard.
		TITANIUM IS A CONTAMINANT OF URBAN AIR @ AVERAGE CONCN OF 0.04 UG/CU M and MAX CONCN OF 1.10 UG/CU M IN 1964-1965.
	www.speclab.com /elements/titanium.htm (906 words)

	Titanium Tetrachloride
		Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the acute, short-term effects of Titanium Tetrachloride to aquatic life, plants, birds, or land animals.
		Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the chronic, long-term effects of Titanium Tetrachloride to aquatic life, plants, birds, or land animals.
		Titanium Tetrachloride probably will not accumulate in aquatic organisms or in aquatic ecosystems, but Titanium might accumulate in both.
	www.cpeo.org /lists/military/1997/msg00247.html (1832 words)

	Titanium tetrachloride [factsheet]
		* Titanium tetrachloride occurs as a colorless to light yellow liquid that is soluble in cold water and decomposes in hot water.
		* Titanium tetrachloride is used as an intermediate in the production of titanium metal and titanium pigments, in the manufacture of iridescent glass and artificial pearls as a polymerization catalyst, and to produce smoke screens.
		* Titanium tetrachloride was formerly used with potassium bitartrate as mordant in the textile industry and with dyewoods in dyeing leather.
	www.weblakes.com /toxic/TITANIUM_TETRACHLORIDE.HTML (566 words)

	Millennium Chemicals Inc. - Titanium tetrachloride - pure
		Millennium’s premium grade titanium tetrachloride is used in a much broader range of applications.
		Markets served by Millennium’s premium grade titanium tetrachloride include the polymerization catalysts market, pharmaceutical applications, glass and metal treating, organo titanate production for electronics and many other applications.
		Titanium tetrachloride can be hazardous if used or handled in an unsafe manner.
	millenniumchem.com /NR/exeres/1BE98C61-CAA6-46ED-B728-3E639E4871B9.htm (179 words)

	Environmental Protection Agency
		Manufacture of mordant dyes, titanium pigments, and smoke screen agents; chemical intermediate for titanium metal and titanium dioxide; iridescent agent in glass and pearl manufacturing; polymerization catalyst.
		Signs and symptoms of acute ingestion of titanium tetrachloride may be severe and include salivation, intense thirst, difficulty in swallowing, nausea, vomiting, cramps, diarrhea, chills, pain, and shock.
		Acute inhalation exposure of titanium tetrachloride may result in headache, weakness, sneezing, hoarseness, sore throat, choking, laryngitis, and respiratory tract irritation.
	yosemite.epa.gov /oswer/CeppoEHS.nsf/firstaid/7550-45-0?OpenDocument (538 words)

	Millennium Chemicals Inc. - Titanium tetrachloride - standard
		Millennium’s standard grade titanium tetrachloride is typically used in the manufacture of titanium sponge.
		Titanium sponge is the precursor to the manufacture of titanium metal
		Titanium metal is used in a wide variety of applications including the aerospace industry, the chemical processing industry, athletic equipment, architectural applications, medical devices and many more.
	millenniumchem.com /NR/exeres/458EC065-B496-4EFC-9AA5-9A8184D62FCC.htm (194 words)

	Titanium Tetrachloride Production \| Mining Waste \| EPA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The waste in question, titanium tetrachloride waste acids (which implicitly includes iron chloride), was one of numerous mineral processing wastes that was made conditionally exempt from RCRA Subtitle C requirements under the Bevill Amendment to RCRA, and later codified at 40 CFR Part 261.4(b)(7).
		In 1989, following a study of the nature and characteristics of this waste, EPA determined that titanium tetrachloride waste acids (and therefore iron chloride) did not qualify for the Mining Waste Exclusion.
		Du Pont, which is the sole generator of the iron chloride waste in question, filed a lawsuit against EPA claiming that its process was different than the conventional chloride process and, therefore, that its wastes (including iron chloride) should be considered separately for Bevill status.
	www.epa.gov /epaoswer/other/mining/minedock/tio2.htm (290 words)

	BBC News \| C-D \| Titanium tetrachloride danger
		Several are said to be in a serious condition in hospital following the leak.
		The chemical concerned is titanium tetrachloride, an unstable compound which, on contact with water, is swiftly converted into hydrochloric acid.
		It is used widely in industry, either to make titanium itself or to produce pigments used in paint.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/low/health/medical_notes/c-d/1156262.stm (311 words)

	Formation of titanium nanoparticles
		The formation of titanium nanoparticles from plasmas in mixtures of titanium tetrachloride, argon and hydrogen is examined using three approaches: chemical equilibrium calculations, chemical kinetic calculations and a nucleation-coupled model of particle formation coupled to chemical kinetic equations.
		It is calculated that titanium yields approaching 100% are possible for sufficiently large residence times at a high temperature, and sufficiently rapid quench rates.
		The residence time and quench rate conditions are less stringent for high ratios of argon to titanium tetrachloride in the initial gas mixture.
	stacks.iop.org /0022-3727/37/2841 (278 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		A method of using sodium for reducing titanium tetrachloride, developed to improve the extractive metallurgy of titunium, is described.
		Finely divided titanium metal, titanium lower chlorides, or a mixture thereof was produced in a continuous operation at temperatures between 105 and 205 deg C by the reaction of molten sodium and vaporized titanium tetrachloride in an agitated bed of finely divided inert solids (powdered sodium chloride or the reaction products).
		Composition of the product was controlled by varying the relative quantities of sodium and titanium tetrachloride used.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=4145877 (179 words)

	46. : Selective Area Laser Deposition of Titanium Tetrachloride
		The goal of the work here is to include titanium among the list of SALD materials, although this goal has not yet been reached.
		This paper describes the selection of precursors and the results of some SALD experiments using the first precursor explored titanium tetrachloride.
		The results of precursor gas mixture, pressure, and laser power on deposition composition and rates are discussed.
	home.att.net /~edgrenda2/sf95/sf95_46.htm (183 words)

	Titanium Tetrachloride
		Pure-Titanium Tetrachloride (TiCl4) is transparency and no-colored liquid, although Crude-TiCl4 before refining is slightly red-brown liquid.
		TiCl4 itself is not dangerous in inflammability and explosion, if, however, TiCl4 reacts with water, white smoke is generated, which is one of the special feature.
		A material for titanium compound which is used in leather processing
	www.sumitomocorp.co.jp /o-hitetsu/tetrachl.htm (153 words)

	TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE 99%
		Contact with water liberates heat and hydrochloric acid.
		When released to moist soil or water, this material is expected to hydrolyze.
		This MSDS has been prepared according to the hazard criteria of the Controlled Products Regulations (CPR) and the MSDS contains all of the information required by the CPR.
	www.jtbaker.com /msds/englishhtml/t3653.htm (959 words)

	Titanium Tetrachloride (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		For storage of quantities exceeding the allowed exempt amounts for an S occupancy, the storage facility must conform to H-7 occupancy requirements as outlined in the Uniform Building Code
		There are currently 3 facilities in Oregon reporting titanium tetrachloride on their Hazardous Substance Information Survey.
		There have been 2 hazardous materials incidents reported in Oregon since 1986 involving titanium tetrachloride.
	www.sfm.state.or.us /CR2K/ChemMonth/titanium_tetrachloride.htm (241 words)

	Corrosion engineering - Containment of superheated titanium tetrachloride
		By joining you are opting in to receive e-mail.
		I would be interested from hearing from anyone with experience in containing superheated (900-1000C) titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) vapour.
		It appears that the TiCl4 manufacturing process deals with such superheated vapours, however details of the materials employed do not seem to be in the public domain.
	www.eng-tips.com /viewthread.cfm?qid=94887 (179 words)

	Titanium Tetrachloride (7550-45-0) - Worldwide
		The only integrated titanium dioxide facility having mining, mineral separation, synthetic rutile and pigment-production plants producing world's finest ilmenite, rutile, zircon, sillimenite, synthetic rutile and rutile grade titanium dioxide pigment.
		R.C. Costello and Assoc., Inc. provides the best in chemical engineering design services industry.
		Manufacturers of liquid level gages, switches and transmitters, and other liquid level products
	www.kellysearch.com /qz-product-117699.html (461 words)

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