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Topic: Titulus Regius

	The Case Against Henry VII
		Sir Clements Markham first put forth this theory, which relies for evidence largely on the Titulus Regius, on Henry's general informal (and quite successful) plan to kill off those members of the royal family with a better claim than he to the throne, and on the two pardons granted to Sir James Tyrell.
		The Titulus Regius is simply the document in which Richard laid out his claim to the throne.
		It is perfectly plausible that Edward IV plighted his troth with about as much seriousness as was usual, it is a fact that if he did, it was binding and that it invalidated his marriage to Elizabeth Woodville.
	ricardiana.tripod.com /Monarchs/henry.html (878 words)

	Encyclopedia: Richard III of England
		Some of the proceedings of that Parliamentary session survive in a document known as Titulus Regius, which Parliament issued some months later explaining its actions and of which a single copy escaped the destruction of all copies of the Titulus Regius later ordered by Henry VII.
		The Richard III Society was set up during the 20th century in an attempt to rehabilitate Richard, and has gathered considerable research material about his life and reign.
		Worth argues that Richard III's contribution to shaping a just society by improvements to the legal system was buried by the Tudors because it conflicted with the image of a villainous and hated monarch that they wished to present.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Richard-III-of-England (7951 words)

	The Princes in the Tower (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		By repealing the Act acknowledging the children's illegitimacy [Titulus Regius, the Act which confirmed Richard's claim to the throne.
		He had not noticed before how doubly suspect was Henry's behaviour over Titulus Regius.
		The conclusion was inevitable that Richard's title to the crown as shown in Titulus Regius was unassailable.
	www.ealasaid.com /fan/richardiii/princes.html (1266 words)

	thePeerage.com :: View topic - Richard Crookback???
		Titulus Regius had disinherited the Princes and their sisters.
		It was the Tudor claim that was "spurious" and required the legitimization of such by marriage with Elizabeth of York and the repeal and attempted destruction of all extant copies of Titulus Regius.
		Henry VII claimed his throne by right of conquest, not heredity, being from the wrong side of the blanket as his ancestry was.
	thepeerage.com /forum/viewtopic.php?p=1118&... (490 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Elizabeth Woodville
		The elder, Edward, had been born in sanctuary at Westminster Abbey in 1470, during the period when Edward IV was out of power during the Wars of the Roses.
		Elizabeth now, briefly, became Queen Mother, but on June 25, 1483, her marriage was declared null and void by Parliament in the act Titulus Regius on the grounds that Edward had previously promised to marry Lady Eleanor Butler, which was considered a legally binding contract that rendered any other marriage contract invalid as bigamous.
		On the basis of his evidence, all Elizabeth's children by Edward, including King Edward V, were declared illegitimate, and her brother-in-law, Richard III, accepted the crown and kept the two princes in the Tower of London, where they had already been lodged to await the coronation.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Elizabeth_Woodville (937 words)

	Princes in the Tower (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Edward V of England (1470 - 1483?) and Richard, Duke of York, (1473 - 1483?) were the two young princes, sons of IV of England">Edward IV of England and Elizabeth Woodville, who were declared illegitimate by the act of parliament known as Titulus Regius.
		Their uncle III of England">Richard III of England placed them both in the Tower of London (then a palace as well as a prison) in 1483, and no one knows what happened to them after that, although they are presumed to have been killed there.
		The young women were carefully marry promptly, in order that the greatest possible number the event was in accordance with the king's wish.
	www.termsdefined.net /pr/princes-in-the-tower.html (1306 words)

	The Princes in the Tower
		But the one ringing testament to Richard's innocence is when Henry VII brought his Act against Richard before Parliament accusing him of the usual tyranny and cruelty but made NO mention of the boy’s death.
		But since they were found to be illegitimate in Titulus Regius, they were no threat to him anyway.
		Henry married their sister and had to make her ligitimate, also making her brothers legitimate and Kings before him- he repealed Titulus Regius without it being read and ordered it detroyed.
	www.britainexpress.com /Bookstore/History/The%20Princes%20in%20the%20Tower.htm (709 words)

	Truth is the Daughter of Time
		Therefore, the lads were illegitmate and not in the direct line of succession, which means that the motive attributed to Richard for murdering the two boys goes up in a puff of smoke.
		Once both Richard and Parliament got over the shock of finding the late Edward IV to have been a bigamist, Parliament created an Act called Titulus Regius, acknowledging Edward's bigamy, his sons' illegitimacy, and their uncle Richard's right to the throne.
		Therefore, his first act was to suppress Titulus Regius: He repealed it without allowing it to be read, and anyone found with a copy of it in his or possession was heaved into prison for as long as Henry wished, which often turned out to be forever.
	www.americanpolitics.com /091399Baker.html (932 words)

	Titulus Regius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Titulus Regius (the "Title of King" in Latin) is a famous act of the English Parliament, issued in early 1484, by which the title of King of England was given to III of England">Richard III of England.
		It is an official declaration that describes why the Parliament had found (the year before) that the marriage of IV of England">Edward IV of England to Elizabeth Woodville had been invalid, why consequently their children were illegitimate (and, therefore, debarred from the throne), why in the end Richard III was the rightful king.
		Claudius afterwards the Colosseum, here mentioned by Suetonius, seems to have been the including wild-boars, cranes, and other animals, no less than nine.
	www.termsdefined.net /ti/titulus-regius.html (440 words)

	NYU in London (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Indeed, one of his first acts of king was the issuance of the Titulus Regius, which according to Lamb 'set out at length, and endorsed, the petition by which Richard had been offered the crown in the previous June.
		Few anti-Richardian historians note that Henry Tudor's claim to the throne was just as dependent as Richard's on the death, disappearance, or discrediting of Edward IV's children.
		One of Henry's first acts as king was to revoke the Titulus Regius.
	www.nyu.edu /global/london/ac_essay_eto172.htm (2743 words)

	Titulus Regius - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Titulus Regius - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		This page was last modified 15:17, 2 Jun 2005.
		The article about Titulus Regius contains information related to Titulus Regius and See also.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Titulus_Regius (211 words)

	George Buck: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about George Buck (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Sir George was a descendant of Sir John Buck, an adherent of Richard III who had been executed following the Battle of Bosworth Field.
		It was Buck who discovered the copy of the act of parliament, Titulus Regius, which brought King Richard III of England to the throne.
		He found it in the Croyland Chronicle, one of the sources for his History of King Richard III, published in 1619.
	www.encyclopedian.com /ge/George-Buck.html (175 words)

	Lady Eleanor Talbot (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Richard's brother and predecessor Edward had previously been married, and so his known children were bastards in the eyes of the Church (remember that this was before Henry VIII, before the schism, before divorce) and ineligible for the throne.
		The Parliament issued the Titulus Regius spelling out the succession, which pushed aside the children in favor of Richard, who was not therefore a usurper, but the legitimate monarch.
		When Richard had been murdered on the field, Henry demanded that the Titulus Regius be rescinded and destroyed.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-chat/1255809/posts (1510 words)

	LMB Titulus Regius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		LMB Send private responses to: welys@yahoo.com Just on the recent discussion of Titulus Regius > when Henry suppressed > Titulus Regius and married Elizabeth of York, he > legitimized those boys beyond > any possible argument that he or his supporters > could raise.
		Being totally objective, this means one of two things: 1) When Henry won at Bosworth and took the throne, he was reliably informed that the boys had been murdered.
		Upshot is, though, that when Henry married Elizabeth and overturned Titulus Regius, he was SURE the boys were dead - for one reason or another.
	medievalbritain.cis.to /pipermail/lmb/1999-November/020963.html (465 words)

	Suspects
		It seems unlikely that they were so well hidden that no one knew where they were hidden.
		Although Titulus Regius made the boys illegitimate, they still posed a threat to Richard's reign as a focus of rebellion.
		To this end he repealed Titulus Regius, the Act making the children of Edward IV illegitimate.
	www.fifteenthcentury.net /suspects.html (1315 words)

	Chapter 10 Summary by N Orth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Archbishop of Canterbury requested that both boys be kept together at the tower.
		Parliament also issued the “Titulus Regius” which proclaimed that Richard III was the rightful King.
		Henry VII threw out this Act of Titulus Regius many years later.
	online.bc.cc.ca.us /engl1a/Resources/Tey/Ch_10.htm (350 words)

	Daughter of Time essay
		The most fascinating clue in Henry's guilt is the issue with Titulus Regius.
		"By repealing Titulus Regius, he made her legitimate."
		In fact, by repealing Titulis Regius he made the elder of the two King of England." (p.163.)
	www.angelfire.com /ma/moohead/daughter.html (1278 words)

	Richard III of England (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Three other members of the conspiracy -- the queen's brother Lord Rivers, her second son Richard Grey, and Edward V's chamberlain Sir Thomas Vaughan -- were also convicted and executed elsewhere.
		Some of the proceedings of that Parliamentary session are believed to survive in a document known as "Titulus Regius", which Parliament issued some months later explaining its actions and of which a single copy escaped destruction.
		The children of George, Duke of Clarence were attainted because of their father's treason and not eligible to inherit the throne.
	usapedia.com /r/richard-iii-of-england.html (1343 words)

	Richard III Society-Online Library
		The legal document detailing the facts, Titulus Regius, was clear and concise in excluding Edward V, his brother Richard Duke of York, and any of the issue of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville.
		To solidify his claim, Tudor married Edward IV's eldest daughter, Elizabeth of York, by reversing Titulus Regius.
		The sons of Edward IV -- Edward V and Richard Duke of York -- would also have been legitimized by the reversal of Titulus Regius and would have thwarted Tudor's own claim.
	www.r3.org /bookcase/vineyard.html (1965 words)

	Lady Eleanor Talbot (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Duke of Buckingham is supposed to have told Morton afterwards that he had believed that evidence when he saw it but had later changed his mind.
		When Henry VII of England came to the throne, he ordered all documents relating to the case to be destroyed, as well as the act of parliament by which Richard was enabled to claim the throne; so efficiently were his orders carried out that only one copy of Titulus Regius has ever been found.
		After Richard's death, Tudor "historians" -- including Sir Thomas More in his History of Richard III -- named Elizabeth Lucy as the woman Stillington testified he had married to Edward.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/lady_eleanor_talbot (614 words)

	Articles - Wars of the Roses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Having secured the boys, Richard then alleged that Edward IV's marriage to Elizabeth Woodville had been illegal, and that the two boys were therefore illegitimate.
		Parliament agreed and enacted the Titulus Regius, which officially named Gloucester as King Richard III.
		The two imprisoned boys, known as the "Princes in the Tower," disappeared and were possibly murdered; by whom and under whose orders remains one of the most controversial subjects in English history.
	www.sterlingsilvercenter.com /articles/Wars_of_the_Roses (3925 words)

	Edward IV of England Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Prior to his succession, on June 22 1483 Richard III declared that Edward was illegitimate, and three days later the matter was addressed by parliament.
		In Titulus Regius (the text of which is believed to come word-for-word from the petition presented by Buckingham to the assembly which met on June 25, 1483, to decide on the future of the monarchy).
		It describes Edward's brother Richard III as "the undoubted son and heir" of Richard, Duke of York and "born in this land" -- an oblique reference to his brother's birth at Rouen and baptism in circumstances which could have been considered questionable.
	www.biographybase.com /biography/Edward_IV_of_England.html (1940 words)

	RICHARD III
		The first Parliament, summoned by Richard on 9 Dec 1483, assembled on 23 Jan 1484.
		It declared that Richard accepted the crown by inheritance and by lawful election and issued an act to that effect ("Titulus Regius").
		Richard approved legal acts against benevolence and protection for merchants and craftsmen, but it was insufficient to counteract his public image as a villain, who usurped the throne and had his nephews murdered.
	www.archontology.org /nations/england/king_england/richard3b.php (682 words)

	The Princes in the Tower (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Henry VII - By repealing the act of Titulus Regius that appointed Richard as king, Henry thereby re-legitimized the children of Edward IV, including his own wife, Elizabeth of York and her brothers, the Princes.
		Henry insisted that all written copies of Titulus Regius be recovered and burned, and forbade the reading of the act in Parliament before enacting its repeal.
		Once he was king, Henry made no attempt to investigate the rumours that the Princes were dead.
	home.cogeco.ca /~richardiii/princes.html (638 words)

	American Politics Journal -- Strippers and Straw Men
		Therefore, the boys had been proclaimed illegitimate in open Parliament and thus not in the direct line of succession -- and not any sort of threat to Richard's claim on the throne.
		However, after Richard III was killed by French forces at the Battle of Bosworth, his usurper-successor, the Lancastrian Henry VII, decided to repeal the Act of Parliament, known as Titulus Regius, that acknowledged the marriage of Edward IV to Eleanor Butler and the illegitimacy of Edward's children from his subsequent bigamous marriage to Elizabeth Woodville.
		And John Morton, Henry VII's right-hand man and favorite tale-bearer (the old-fashioned term for "opposition researcher"), spread the story that Richard III had claimed Edward to have been married to one Elizabeth Lucy -- who Morton was able to show had in fact, not been married to Edward at all.
	www.americanpolitics.com /20000103Baker.html (758 words)

	Richard III
		After the Battle of Bosworth, the people of York lamented Richard’s defeat: 'King Richard, late mercifully reigning upon us, was piteously slain and murdered, to the great heaviness of this city.' Henry Tudor (Richmond) charged all those who had sided with Richard ‘traitors’.
		He married the Princess Elizabeth (uniting the White Rose and the Red) but imprisoned her mother (Queen Elizabeth) Titulus Regius (his claim to the throne), Henry VII catalogued Richard's crimes and initially omitted the killing of the two princes, which were later added, low down on the list.
		It is perhaps worth noting that Henry stood just as much to gain as Richard from disposing of the princes, because to do so would eliminate Plantagenet opposition to his spurious claim to the throne.
	www.rsc.org.uk /richard/students/more.html (2032 words)

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