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| | Aachen |
 | | Aachen, Dutch Aken, French Aix-la-Chapelle, Latin Aquisgranum, Ripuarian Oche) is a spa city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, on the border with Belgium and the Netherlands, 65 km to the west of Cologne, and the westernmost city in Germany.[Bridgwater, W. & Beatrice Aldrich. ] |
 | | Aachen was destroyed haphazardly and in some parts completely during World War II,, mostly by bombing, in the latest phase of non-surrender by American artillery fire and through deliberate destruction wrought by the SS division employed to keep Aachen out of allied hands as long as possible. |
 | | Aachen was the administrative centre for the coal-mining industries in neighboring places to the NE; it never played any role in brown coal mining, however, neither in administrative or industrial terms. |
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