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	East Asian Studies 210 Notes: The Tlingit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-23)
		The clans were patrilineal and patriarchal, run by "big men" who flaunted their wealth and prestige by giving enormous feasts called potlatches.
		For this reason, the neighbors of the Tlingits called them "wooden lips," or "lip plugs" (this gave rise to the first Russian name for the tribe: Kolosh, which in Russian means "labret").
		Tlingit dead were normally cremated (in contrast to such peoples as the Eskimo, Chukchi, Korak and Itelmen, who often exposed their dead to be eaten by foxes or dogs).
	pandora.cii.wwu.edu /vajda/ea210/tlingit.htm (558 words)

	Tlingit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Tlingit are a matrilineal society who developed a complex hunter-gatherer culture in the temperate rainforest of the southeast Alaska coast and the Alexander Archipelago.
		The Tlingit clan functions as the main property owner in the culture, thus almost all formal property amongst the Tlingit belongs to clans, not to individuals.
		Since people from different clans are often involved in the performance of a dance, it is considered essential that before the dance is performed or the song sung that a disclaimer be made regarding who permission was obtained from, and with whom the original authorship or ownership rests.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tlingit (9841 words)

	Encyclopedia of North American Indians - - Tlingit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-23)
		The Tlingit Indians of southeastern Alaska developed one of the most complex cultures to be found among the indigenous populations of North America.
		Clans govern the social, ceremonial, and political life of the Tlingits and link them to their ancestors and future generations.
		Among the Tlingits, the house is a subunit of the clan.
	college.hmco.com /history/readerscomp/naind/html/na_039100_tlingit.htm (2290 words)

	Tlingit - Art History Online Reference and Guide
		The Tlingit are a matrilineal society who developed a complex hunter-gatherer culture in the temperate rainforest along the Pacific coast.
		The Tlingit language is well known for its complex grammar and sound system, and for using a few sounds which are not heard in almost any other human language.
		Clan sizes vary from large to small, and some clans are found throughout the Tlingit lands whereas others are found only in one small cluster of villages.
	www.arthistoryclub.com /art_history/Tlingit (8063 words)

	Information on Tlingit Indian Culture & Clans of Southeast Alaska (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-23)
		Tlingit individuals are bom into a clan and remain members through their life and death.
		The Tlingits belief in reincarnation and their system of naming mean, in essence, that clans retain their original membership through the re-birth of the same individuals.
		Tlingit law is unequivocal in that this individual acts as the trustee and holds clan property for its membership.
	capefoxcorp.com /tlingitculture.html (1585 words)

	Tlingit clans at AllExperts
		The Tlingit people of Southeast Alaska have two moieties in their society, each of which is divided into a number of clans.
		The clans are usually referred to in English by the name of their primary crest, such as Deisheetaan being called "Beaver Clan".
		Clans of opposite moieties occasionally claim the same crest, but such irregular ownership is usually due to a debt owed by some other clan; until the debt is paid the clan holding the debt claims the crest of the clan which owes the debt as a means of shaming it.
	en.allexperts.com /e/t/tl/tlingit_clans.htm (459 words)

	::: American Indians of the Pacific Northwest Collection :::
		Members of clans in one moiety were expected to marry into clans of the other, with children inheriting the clan and side of their mother.
		Tlingit law was based in the moiety, clan, and house so any injury to members on the other side had to be made good by payment of goods, services, or property.
		Tlingit held three major potlatches for piercing the ears of noble children, for funerals, and for memorials when an heir took the place of his mother's brother (uncle).
	content.lib.washington.edu /aipnw/miller1.html (3549 words)

	Tlingit clans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-23)
		The Tlingit people of Southeast Alaska have two moieties in their society, each of which is divided into a number of clans.
		The clans are usually referred to in English by the name of their primary crest, such as Deisheetaan being called "Beaver Clan".
		Clans of opposite moieties occasionally claim the same crest, but such irregular ownership is usually due to a debt owed by some other clan; until the debt is paid the clan holding the debt claims the crest of the clan which owes the debt as a means of shaming it.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/T/Tlingit-clans.htm (463 words)

	Women in Alaska's History - Tlingits
		The Tlingit natives were also the ones to invent the potlatch, which is similar to the modern day potluck.
		The main part of the Tlingits diet was fish, which they would catch from their canoes, but they also ate porcupines, marmots, Sitka deer, and bears.
		If the clan putting on the potlatch was from the Eagle group, all of the guests would have to be Raven, if the clan was from the Raven group the guests would all have to be Eagle.
	library.thinkquest.org /11313/Early_History/Native_Alaskans/tlingit.html (900 words)

	tlingit_lect.html
		The hitsati or yitsati are heads of the clan houses, while ankaua are the heads of village or rich man. Paid professional occupations include the ixt (shaman of war and prophecy), carvers of small objects, carvers of totem poles, carvers of interior house screens, storytellers, actors, and singers.
		Tlingit and Haida Kinship structure is based on the moiety system in which the Raven (corresponds to Haida Raven and Tsimshian Raven), the Wolf (south) (corresponds to Haida Eagle and Tsimshian Wolf), and the Eagle (north) (corresponds to Haida Eagle and Tsimshian Eagle).
		Tlingit clan houses were led by the yitsati or hitsati, who is the senior maternal uncle of the clan who headed each house.
	www.uaf.edu /ans/faculty/fast/ans365/tlingit_lec.html (1522 words)

	[No title]
		The Tlingit, like other Northwest Coast peoples, were able to support a relatively complex social and cultural life on the basis of a nonagricultural, fishing, hunting, and gathering economy.
		The clans and family groups were ranked according to the wealth and morality of their members and the glory of their ancestors.
		Although the clans were common throughout all of the Tlingit area, it was the local clan groups that were of greatest importance in settling disputes, ceremonialism, and ownership of fishing and hunting territories.
	lucy.ukc.ac.uk /EthnoAtlas/Hmar/Cult_dir/Culture.7875 (1057 words)

	Alaska Native Heritage Center
		Traditional Tlingit territory in Alaska includes the Southeast panhandle between Icy Bay in the north to the Dixon Entrance in the south.
		This means the children inherit all rights through the mother, including the use of the clan fishing, hunting and gathering land, the right to use specific clan crests as designs on totem poles, houses, clothing, and ceremonial regalia.
		In the Tlingit clan system, one moiety was known as Raven or Crow, the other moiety as Eagle or Wolf depending upon the time period.
	www.alaskanative.net /38.asp (1869 words)

	A Clash of Empires in Southeastern Alaska, Alaska Science Forum
		All clan members were bound by common consent to defend clan property against outsiders, to share the use of their property, and to enforce the rules established by tradition and necessity.
		In spite of the Tlingits' pugnaciousness and the unfriendly attitude of the British and Americans, the Russians held on through the good times and the bad until the Russian flag was lowered for the last time in 1867 and the Stars and Stripes took its place.
		Having finally rid themselves of the Russians, the Tlingit claimed that all the Russians were entitled to sell what had been the lands on which their installations stood or that they had actually controlled.
	www.gi.alaska.edu /ScienceForum/ASF7/700.html (676 words)

	The Tlingit Nation Pg 3
		The exact orgin of the Tlingit people is not known, however, some of the art forms and physical features of the Tlingit are very similar to those of other peoples in the Pacific Rim.
		Sometime about 300 years ago, several Tlingit clans from from Prince of Wales Island, the Stikine River Valley, the Nass River Valley and Kupreanof Island traveled further north and established settlements at Klukwan-the Mother Village; Kalwaltu; Yandestaki; and Chilkoot Lake.
		Because of the abundant food and products, the Tlingit spent relatively little time surviving, therefore were able to spend much of their time on perfecting their craft skills and trade.
	www.snowwowl.com /peopletlingit3.html (732 words)

	Tlingit Indians of Southeastern Alaska
		Alternatively, if clan members have reada version of the story which actually belongs to their Tlingit clan, they can learn this story and prepare for its presentation.
		You might add that since clan membership in Tlingit society is what determines who your closest relatives are, and clan membership depends on the mother, the Western system of taking the surname of the father has meant that nowadays many very closely related Tlingits have different last names, and that many people who are only.
		It meant that even if a Tlingit's clan was athe Teey Hit Taan clan, he still had some relatives in another clan, the clan that his father belonged to.
	www.ankn.uaf.edu /IKS/Subsistence/Tlingit/section2.html (4098 words)

	Teslin Tlingit Council - Self Government (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-23)
		The authorities and responsibilities of the Justice Council, composed of the five Clan Leaders, are established by the General Council in accordance with the traditional principles of Tlingit customary law and upon the advice of the Elders Council.
		The six-member Executive Council is composed of one representative from each of the five Clans, appointed for four-year terms by the General Council, and one Elder appointed by and for a term at the pleasure of the Elders Council.
		The Teslin Tlingit Council is representative, of its Clans and citizens, and responsible on account of its close relations between its executive and legislative branches.
	www.klondikeinfotech.com /ttc/government.html (752 words)

	Tlingit
		The Tlingit Indians were a tribe of natives that ranged from the Canadian border to Yakutat in southeastern Alaska.
		The mother was the one who determined clan relationships so the male relatives were not his sons but were his nephews or younger brothers.
		The Tlingit Indians lived on the coast of southeastern Alaska from the Canadian border to Yakutat in southeastern Alaska.
	www.promotega.org /fld30009/tlingit.html (271 words)

	culture
		They were intermixed with Tlingit culture and language, both inland Tlingit and coastal Tlingit from farther to the southeast.
		These are all subunits of the Tlingit Eagle clan and the Tlingit Raven clan.
		Tradition formerly held that those from a tribal family in the Eagle clan must always marry someone from a tribal family in the Raven clan, and vice versa.
	www.fs.fed.us /outernet/r10/tongass/districts/yakutat/culture.html (1007 words)

	The Tlingit Nation
		Tlingit people and Haida people are born into their identity through a matrilineal clan system: One's identity is established through the mother's clan.
		In Tlingit, Yeil is Raven and Ch'aak is Eagle (Wolf is sometimes used interchangeably with Eagle).
		As a result of those who fought the battle, the Central Council of Tlingit and Haida Indian Tribes of Alaska was formed to serve the interests of the Tlingit and Haida people for generations to come.
	www.snowwowl.com /peopletlingit1.html (2093 words)

	Icy Strait Point: The Destination
		Their new village was named Huna, a Tlingit word meaning “Place Where the North Wind Does Not Blow.” However, the name was later changed to Hoonah, which means “Village by the Cliff.” The current population of Hoonah is approximately 880, and the local economy relies mostly on the commercial fishing and logging industries.
		The clan is the cohesive and functioning unit of the Tlingit people that serves as the link between their ancestors and future generations.Tlingit lineage was determined by matrilineal decent, meaning that a Tlingit baby was born into his or her mother’s clan.
		The matrilineal organization of the clan meant that women and their offspring belonged to different clans than their fathers and husbands.
	www.icystraitpoint.com /destination_history.html (289 words)

	Sealaska - Programs - Language & Culture - Master
		The Tlingít Clan Song Project, “Tlingít Naa Sheex’i,” is an ongoing effort by Sealaska Heritage Institute to record, translate and transcribe Southeast Alaska Native Clan songs and associated stories.
		In order for dance groups to be able to sing clan songs, a member of the clan owning the song must be a member of the dance group or the clan must grant the dance group the right to sing its song.
		Since clans own most songs, four individuals, two from each moiety -- Eagle and Raven -- were selected for the first phase of this project to record five or more of their clan songs and stories.
	www.sealaskaheritage.org /programs/clan_songs_project.htm (780 words)

	Yakutat Alaska Native Culture
		They were intermixed with Tlingit culture and language, both inland Tlingit and coastal Tlingit from farther to the southeast.
		These are all subunits of the Tlingit Eagle clan and the Tlingit Raven clan.
		Tradition formerly held that those from a tribal family in the Eagle clan must always marry someone from a tribal family in the Raven clan, and vice versa.
	www.yakutat.net /culture.htm (1006 words)

	The Etownian - Elizabethtown College
		To be matrilineal, the members of the Tlingit society only trace their ancestry through the mother's side of the family.
		Also included in Wheelersburg's explanation of Tlingit clans is the fact that clan chiefs were of a noble class.
		In a Tlingit house, there is the keeper of the house, who is the senior male, and the wife of the keeper of the house - the senior female.
	www.etownian.com /051117/features-wheelersburg_presents_lecture.asp (636 words)

	Haines House - Sheldon Museum, Haines, Alaska
		Over 300 years ago, a few Tlingit clans from Prince of Wales Island, the Stikine River Valley, the Nass River Valley and Kupreanof Island came north and established villages at Klukwan--the Mother Village: Kalwaltu; Yandestaki; and Chilkoot Lake.
		The Tlingit people of this area are often referred to as the Chilkats.
		The Tlingit people traditionally embellished their lives with art-- even ordinary objects were decorated in highly sophisticated and stylized art forms.
	www.sheldonmuseum.org /tlingithistory.htm (826 words)

	Native American Studies at Dartmouth
		Since 1979 he has been conducting ethnographic and archival research among the Tlingit people of southeastern Alaska; he has been adopted into two Tlingit clans, participates regularly in conferences sponsored by local tribal governments, and does occasional research projects for the Tlingit community.
		Professor Kan is the author of numerous articles on the past and present Tlingit culture, the effects of Russian Orthodox missionary activities on Native Alaskans, and the history of non-Native images of Native Alaskans.
		His second monograph "Memory Eternal: Tlingit Culture and Russian Orthodox Christianity Through two Centuries" was published by the University of Washington Press in 1999.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~nas/html/faculty/kan.html (284 words)

	Yukon at a Glance - Culture - Government of Yukon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-23)
		Coastal Tlingit people were the main players in the trade economy of the late 19th century and early 20th century in the Yukon.
		Gradually, permanent settlements of the Tlingit evolved in what is now the southwestern Yukon and northern British Columbia.
		With efforts being made at cultural revivals such as dancing, singing and re-assigning Tlingit geographical place names, there is an increase in the use of Tlingit words on the part of many community members.
	www.gov.yk.ca /yukonglance/culture.html (1312 words)

	Clans
		Tlingit society is divided into two halves, or moities, named the Ravens and the Eagles.
		Some of the clans of the Raven moiety include the Frog, Goose, Owl, Raven, Salmon, and Sea Lion.
		Clans of the Eagle moiety include the Auk, Bear, Eagle, Shark, Whale, and Wolf.
	www.carnegiemnh.org /exhibits/north-south-east-west/tlingit/clans.html (76 words)

	Teslin Tlingit Council - Self Government (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-23)
		The supremacy of the General Council means that this is the ultimate political decision-making body of the Teslin Tlingit government, with the power to pass and amend the Constitution, make and rule on law, and to respond to the voice of the people.
		The authorities and responsibilities of the Justice Council, composed of the five Clan Leaders, are established by General Council in accordance with the traditional principles of Tlingit customary law and upon the advice of the Elders Council.
		The Teslin Tlingit Council is representative of its Clans and citizens, and is responsible for the executive and legislative branches.
	www.ttc-teslin.com /government.html (780 words)

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