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Topic: Toadfish

	Toadfish - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The toadfishes are a type of ray-finned fish normally found on the sand and mud bottoms of coastal waters worldwide, notable for somewhat broad heads and drab coloration reminiscent of terrestrial toads, as well as for the ability of some species to "sing" using their swim bladders.
		Toadfishes are usually scaleless, with eyes set high on large heads.
		Toadfishes of the genus Porichthys, the midshipman fishes, have photophores and four lateral lines, while the Thalassophryninae are venomous, with a total of four hollow spines (two dorsal and one on each opercle) connecting to venom glands and capable of delivering a painful wound.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Toadfish (228 words)

	Toadfish STS-95
		Because the toadfish's vestibular system is very similar to our own, the fish has become a well-known experimental model for learning more about balance disorders such as Meniere's disease and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.
		The toadfish is also a good model for studying motion sickness, including that experienced by astronauts during space flight.
		The toadfish were fitted with a monitoring system that enabled Highstein to analyze changes to their vestibular system, specifically their otoliths, before, during, and after space flight.
	www.mbl.edu /publications/LABNOTES/8.2/toadfish.html (627 words)

	Toadfishes
		The Gulf toadfish, Opsanus beta, is from temperate Atlantic waters and it belongs to a very different family, the Batrachoididae.
		It is doubtful that the oyster toadfish are consuming many lobsters, particularly since you have observed the return of lobsters late in summer.
		It is more likely that the toadfish are driving the lobsters into deeper water or adjacent non-rocky areas, or more simply that the lobsters stay well hidden during the period when toadfish are most abundant.
	www.rsmas.miami.edu /support/lib/seas/seasQA/QAs/t/toadfishes.html (1806 words)

	Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department: Gulf Toadfish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The gulf toadfish has small pelvic fins located forward on the body, while both the anal fin and the second dorsal fin are elongate.
		Toadfishes, such as the gulf toadfish, are sometimes marketed fresh or live for human consumption, such as in Chinatown (New York City), but are generally considered undesirable and so are not targeted in any fishery.
		The gulf toadfish is considered to be of poor quality, and have been linked to ciguatera poisoning in humans.
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /fish/Gallery/Descript/GulfToadfish/GulfToadfish.html (829 words)

	AllRefer.com - toadfish (Vertebrate Zoology) - Encyclopedia
		toadfish, common name for the sluggish, bottom-feeding fishes of the genus Opsanus, found in the shallow waters from New Jersey to the Caribbean.
		The head of a toadfish is broad and flat, with barbels and fleshy fringes, sharp gill covers, and spiny protrusions on the cheeks; the mouth is enormous and has many sharp teeth.
		Toadfishes and their relatives are classified in the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata, class Osteichthyes, order Batrachoidiformes, family Batrachoididae.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/T/toadfish.html (251 words)

	Oyster Toadfish (Opsanus tau) - Chesapeake Bay Program (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.umd.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Opsanus tau, the oyster toadfish, also known as the oyster toad, or collectively as dowdies, is a small demersal predator that lives year-round in the Bay, mostly in inshore waters along the sandy or mud bottoms of rivers, among natural and man-made detritus.
		The unlovely toadfish has large, protruding eyes; a broad mouth and fleshy areas (including flesh-like 'whiskers') surrounding the jaws; a short snout and scaleless, slimy skin; a rounded caudal fin and separate dorsal fins enveloping three short spines; yellowish brown skin with oblique brown bars extending on to the fins.
		Toadfish fry never pass through a planktonic or drifting phase, which appears, along with their sluggishness, to limit their geographical range as adults.
	www.chesapeakebay.net.cob-web.org:8888 /info/toadfish.cfm (747 words)

	Toadfish
		The toadfish, like the sculpins, has a large flat head, round nose, tremendous mouth, tapering body with plump belly, and fanlike pectoral fins.
		The toadfish has no scales; its teeth are large and blunt; and it has two short spines at the upper angle of each gill cover, hidden however, in the thick skin.
		The toadfish lives in shoal water, and it is resident the year around wherever found, probable becoming torpid in winter in the northern part of its range.
	octopus.gma.org /fogm/Opsanus_tau.htm (774 words)

	USATODAY.com - Toadfish mating call helps to fight human muscular diseases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Blessed with a face that only a mother could love, some males of a type of toadfish called the plainfin midshipman work hard for a date, hiding under rocks in shallow waters and humming to attract egg-laying females.
		The toadfish, which can be found in the North Pacific from California all the way to Alaska, makes the humming sound by vibrating a set of sonic muscles on its air bladder 6,000 times a minute for more than an hour at a time, an amazing combination of speed and endurance.
		Not everyone is enthused about toadfish tunes; during the summer mating season when the bottom-feeding toadfish move into shallow waters their nocturnal calls have been known to annoy houseboat owners.
	www.usatoday.com /news/health/2003-12-19-toadfish-call_x.htm (710 words)

	toadfish - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		TOADFISH [toadfish] common name for the sluggish, bottom-feeding fishes of the genus Opsanus, found in the shallow waters from New Jersey to the Caribbean.
		Tuning in saccular afferents of the toadfish revealed by the reverse correlation method.
		Differential leucocyte counts in the toadfish, Opsanus tau: insignificant variation with seasonal temperature.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-toadfish.html (389 words)

	Common Toadfish, Tetractenos hamiltoni
		A Common Toadfish partially buried in sand at a depth of 7 m, Binji Point, near Tuross, New South Wales, March 2004.
		The Common Toadfish is a sandy to whitish colour.
		The Common Toadfish is found in shallow coastal waters and estuaries along the eastern Australian coastline from northern Queensland to southern New South Wales.
	www.amonline.net.au /fishes/fishfacts/fish/thamiltoni.htm (272 words)

	LiveScience.com - Fish Eavesdrop to Avoid Becoming Dinner
		A bottom-dwelling fish found off the coast of Florida called the gulf toadfish [image] is prime prey for dolphins, which often listen to toadfish calls to find their targets.
		Results showed that the toadfish ignored the snapping shrimp sounds and dolphin whistles and continued on with their mating calls.
		As confirmation, measurements of toadfish blood taken immediately after the dolphin sounds were played revealed that levels of the stress hormone cortisol shot up after they heard pops.
	www.livescience.com /animalworld/061103_fish_hearing.html (428 words)

	Toadfish's steamy love life is revealed / Singing fish sometimes let meek males join a menage a trois (via CobWeb/3.1 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Now scientists are studying the homely toadfish, known scientifically as Porichthys notatus, for clues to evolutionary biology and acoustics and even for insights into several rare muscular diseases.
		Unlike humans and other animals whose muscles are long stretches of fiber, the toadfish has a music muscle in which the protein forms a hollow rod filled with a chemical called ATP that provides it with tremendous amounts of energy so it can keep vibrating against its swim bladder loudly and tirelessly, on and on.
		The toadfish is constant prey for sharks, which makes it valuable as bait for shark fishermen and poses a scarcity problem for scientists.
	www.sfgate.com.cob-web.org:8888 /cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/chronicle/archive/2003/12/18/MNG0K3PPQ71.DTL&type=science (992 words)

	Oyster toadfish - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Opsanus tau, also known as the oyster toadfish, the "ugly toad," or the "oyster cracker," is a fish that belongs to the family Batrachoididae.
		The maximum length of the toadfish is about 38 cm; the most common recorded length of an oyster toadfish is about 30 cm.
		Toadfish rely upon camouflage to catch their food; they lie motionless waiting for prey to wander close by, then attack by surprise.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Oyster_toadfish (285 words)

	Could Tough Toadfish Be Key to Medical Mystery? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		But the extraordinary ability of the toadfish to survive in ammonia levels that would kill almost every other creature, including man, could be the key to unlocking a medical mystery.
		What makes the toadfish unique is that it can survive in ammonia concentrations that would kill almost every other creature, including man. That fact is important because high ammonia concentrations are associated with many diseases including liver problems.
		In the human brain glutamine is sort of a dead-end product, but the toadfish might be able to rid the brain of glutamine and metabolize it in other organs such as in muscles, kidneys, and liver, said Walsh.
	news.nationalgeographic.com /news/2002/09/0903_020903_TVtoadfish.html (598 words)

	FISH OF THE MONTH - oyster toadfish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Reproduction: toadfish are known for producing vocalizations, accomplished by rapid muscle contractions.
		The toadfish has no commercial value and is generally considered a nuisance due to its powerful and potentially dangerous jaws which make it tough to remove from fishing hooks; however, it is edible.
		NASA and the Marine Biological Lab in Woods Hole just completed experiments in which toadfish were sent to space.
	www.fisheries.vims.edu /toadfish.htm (198 words)

	Oyster Toadfish: Audio Gallery for Discovery of Sound in the Sea
		The oyster toadfish is a bottom dwelling species which occurs along the east coast of North America from the West Indies to Cape Cod.
		After this, it is the responsibility of the male to guard the nest from predators and care for the developing eggs.
		The signature "boat-whistle" call of the toadfish is produced by the male through rapid contraction of the
	www.dosits.org /gallery/fishnbay/8.htm (355 words)

	A second glutamine synthetase gene with expression in the gills of the gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta) -- Walsh et al. 206 ...
		The antibody is to a conserved oligopeptide sequence of GSases (homologous to amino acids 326-343 of the liver Gsase; Fig.
		Even-numbered lanes are samples from unconfined toadfish and odd-numbered lanes from confined toadfish.
		Transition from ammonotely to ureotely in the gulf toadfish
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/206/9/1523 (5995 words)

	ScienceDaily: NASA Studies Balance In Two Woods Hole Toadfish, A Senator, And Five Astronauts In Shuttle Mission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Two oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau), collected from the waters off Woods Hole, Massachusetts, are participating in an experiment designed to help scientists better understand the effects that microgravity has on our vestibular, or balance, system.
		The toadfish are fitted with a monitoring system that will enable Highstein to analyze changes to their vestibular system, specifically their otoliths, before, during, and after space flight.
		Astronauts Tend To Pregnant Mice, Toadfish, And Troublesome Pump (April 20, 1998) -- Astronauts aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia yesterday bypassed a faulty air pump in one of four saltwater aquarium chambers, continued tests on the adaptability of the human nervous system and...
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/1998/10/981031180101.htm (2056 words)

	Scientists Seek New Medicines From the Ocean (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Male toadfish use their bladder muscles to dazzle females with a unique mating call that sounds like a bullfrog.
		But, these days, toadfish are also wooing scientists who want to apply lessons of toadfish anatomy to everything from heart disease to human nerve regeneration.
		The toadfish is a common species found in coastal streams, estuaries, and inlets.
	news.nationalgeographic.com /news/2001/08/0807_wireseamed1.html (719 words)

	Newswise
		Two oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau), collected from the waters off Woods Hole, Massachusetts, are accompanying John Glenn on his historic mission into space this month and participating in an experiment designed to help scientists better understand the effects that microgravity has on our vestibular, or balance, system.
		The toadfish is also a good model for studying
		This is why a few toadfish, in their specially designed
	www.newswise.com /articles/view/?id=TOADFISH.MBL (592 words)

	WhoZoo Template Summer 2001
		Oyster toadfishes live in western atlantic from maine to the west indies, they prey on mostly anything that they can get a hold of but they are particularly fond of mollusks, and fish.
		the toadfish has really no value and is generally considered a nuisance due to its powerful and potentially dangerous jaws which make it tough to remove from fishing hooks however if you are lucky enough to catch one they are edible.
		The oyster toadfish is very unique it has sound which make the oyster fish a subject of its share of studies of fish communication.
	www.whozoo.org /Anlife2002/staceybal/SB_Toadfishx.html (459 words)

	Fish of the Gulf of Mexico brought to you by RodnReel.com
		In offshore waters it is replaced by the leopard toadfish, Opsanus pardus, which prefers reef areas.
		Color is generally dark brown with lighter bars on the sides, compared to the leopard toadfish which has a light background covered with brown, dark, camouflage-like mottling.
		Toadfish lay adhesive eggs on a hard surface in a nest site located in some sort of cavity.
	www.rodnreel.com /gulffish/gulffish.asp?cmd=view&FishID=132 (302 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > Science/Health -- Toadfish mating call gives clues to fighting human muscular diseases
		BERKELEY – The love song of the lonely toadfish is giving scientists new insight on fighting human muscular diseases.
		The toadfish, which can be found in the North Pacific from California all the way to Alaska, makes the humming sound by vibrating a set of sonic muscles on its air bladder 6,000 times a minute for more than an hour at a stretch, an amazing combination of speed and endurance.
		During fertilization, sneaker males try to fan some of their sperm onto the eggs before taking off.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/science/20031219-0527-toadfishsex.html (670 words)

	Coral Toadfish aka Splendid Toadfish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Splendid Toadfish aka Coral Toadfish, is quite an interesting fish.
		This toadfish is unique in that it has only been found in one place.
		Splendid toadfish are quite colorful that along with their choice of makeing a home in coral reefs has led to their common name of Splendid and Coral Toadfish.
	www.thejump.net /id/splendid-toadfish.htm (104 words)

	Stars and Stripes Toadfish, Arothron hispidus
		A Stars and Stripes Toadfish at a depth of 12 m, Julian Rocks, New South Wales.
		The Stars and Stripes Toadfish grows to 51 cm in length.
		The Stars and Stripes Toadfish lives in tropical and warm temperate marine waters throughout the Indo-Pacific.
	www.amonline.net.au /fishes/fishfacts/fish/ahispidus.htm (285 words)

	BayRidgeTalk - Toadfish Story makes 1010 WINS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		I've read that in California there are toadfish, and that toadfish make an annoying hum, and people in Bay Ridge are hearing an annoying hum, but I have yet to read that there are toadfish in our waters.
		The oyster toadfish has been described as “homely” for its large protruding eyes, broad mouth, and flesh-like whiskers surrounding a short snout.
		The toadfish’s spawning season extends from April to October, which corresponds to the time when residents in Bay Ridge have reported hearing the mysterious noise.
	bayridgetalk.com /comments.php?DiscussionID=213 (1769 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > Science/Health -- Toadfish mating call gives clues to fighting muscular disease
		Toadfish mating call gives clues to fighting muscular disease
		BERKELEY – The love song of the lonely toadfish is giving scientists new insight on fighting muscular diseases.
		The human heart, by contrast, beats 60-80 times a minute.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/science/20031218-1605-ca-toadfishsex.html (634 words)

	CNN.com - Toadfish song may help heal humans - Dec. 19, 2003
		CNN.com - Toadfish song may help heal humans - Dec. 19, 2003
		The humming toadfish makes loud sounds by vibrating a set of sonic muscles on its air bladder six-thousand times a minute for more than an hour at a time.
		The love song of the lonely toadfish is giving scientists new insight on fighting human muscular diseases.
	www.cnn.com /2003/TECH/science/12/19/toadfish.song.ap (690 words)

	Toadfish Fishing Resorts and Lodges (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Toadfish resorts and lodges brought to you by Hot Spot Lodges.
		These Toadfish fishing resorts and lodges can help you have a successful trip.
		Find a Toadfish lodge or read reviews about experiences from other anglers.
	www.hotspotlodges.com /fishing/a_Toadfish_fishing_lodges.asp (103 words)

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