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	Tobacco industry - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tobacco is a commodity product similar in economic terms to foodstuffs in that the price is set by the fact that crop yields vary depending on local weather conditions.
		The tobacco industry in the United States has suffered greatly since the mid-1990's, when it was successfully sued by several US states.
		Most recently, there has been discussion within the tobacco control community of transforming the tobacco industry through the replacement of tobacco corporations by other types of business organizations that can be established to provide tobacco to the market while not attempting to increase market demand.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tobacco_industry (740 words)

	Undermining Popular Government: Tobacco Industry Political Expenditures in California 1993-1994
		The tobacco industry's total political expenditures in California increased during the 1994 election to $24,662,674 compared with $7,645,519 spent during the 1992 election.
		Compared to the 1992 election, the tobacco industry contributions to the legislature and to political parties and committees decreased to $723,542 and $117,800 respectively, whereas lobbying expenditures increased to $4,198,077.
		Tobacco industry contributions appeared to shift away from Democrats to Republicans; contributions to Democratic legislative officeholders and candidates decreased 37% between 1992 and 1994, while contributions to Republican officeholders and candidates increased 5.7%.
	repositories.cdlib.org /ctcre/tcpmus/CA1995 (487 words)

	Tobacco Industry Document Gateway - Research
		The industry is extremely creative in circumventing these marketing restrictions, requiring tobacco marketing regulations to be informed by marketing expertise, regularly updated, and to adopt the broadest possible scope.
		Tobacco control advocates, particularly those communicating with young people, could learn from the creativity of the tobacco industry.
		Objective: To demonstrate how the tobacco industry attempted to delay and discredit the publication of a report on passive smoking that the tobacco industry anticipated to contain recommendations that would be unfavourable to their business.
	tobacco.health.usyd.edu.au /site/gateway/docs/research.htm (2348 words)

	Tobacco Industry Political Activity and Tobacco Control Policy Making in Wisconsin: 1983-1998
		The tobacco industry is a major source of campaign contributions to legislative candidates, state constitutional office candidates, and political party committees.
		In the 1987-1988, 1989-1990, and 1991-1992 elections cycles, the tobacco industry contributed 47%, 30% and 44%, respectively, of their legislative and political party contributions to the Republican party.
		During the 1993-1994 and 1995-1996 electoral cycle, the tobacco industry contributed 51% and 62%, respectively, of their legislative and political party contributions to the Republican party.
	repositories.cdlib.org /ctcre/tcpmus/WI1998 (436 words)

	USATODAY.com - Big showdown: Tobacco trial begins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The nation's biggest tobacco companies worked together for decades to mislead the public about the dangers of smoking, a federal lawyer alleged Tuesday at the start of a civil racketeering trial in which the government seeks a record $280 billion from the industry.
		The industry created the Center for Tobacco Research and the Center for Indoor Air Research to rebut scientific findings about smoking and the dangers of second hand smoke, and set up the Tobacco Institute to promote their findings and otherwise serve as a public relations and lobbying arm, he said.
		Tobacco officials falsely claimed in public statements and in legal and congressional testimony that nicotine is not addictive, despite overwhelming scientific evidence to the contrary, prosecutors say.
	www.usatoday.com /money/industries/2004-09-20-tobacco_x.htm (1969 words)

	2. Pervasive Influence of the Tobacco Industry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The tobacco industry is one of the richest and most powerful agricultural, industrial and marketing giants in the nation.
		As communities begin to organize against youth tobacco addiction, people quickly discover that, in the words of an advertising campaign sponsored by the California Department of Health, "the tobacco industry is not your friend." Both the tobacco and alcohol industries are on record as trying to prevent underage use of their products.
		By tobacco industry standards, models in cigarette advertisements are supposed to be at least 25 years old.
	www.nnh.org /tobacco/a-8-2.htm (1133 words)

	BBC News \| HEALTH \| Tobacco industry under attack
		The tobacco industry is under fire from all sides with calls for tougher regulation in the UK and Europe.
		Tobacco "bootlegging" costs the Treasury an estimated £2.5bn a year in lost duty.
		It is alleged that some companies were "complicit" in organised tobacco smuggling by being prepared to supply large quantities of cigarettes to sources in continental Europe used by organised bootlegging operations.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/health/newsid_790000/790818.stm (747 words)

	Tobacco Industry Essay
		The tobacco advertising industry is one of the most dangerous and deceptive industries.
		So just to survive, the tobacco industry must market their product to those who are not fully aware of the harm cigarettes may cause, which definitely includes young people.
		Teens are influenced by tobacco advertising because it is everywhere they look; they can not escape it and are manipulated be the tobacco industry.
	www.saskschools.ca /~nlsd/grassroots/life/tobacco/docs/piessay.html (673 words)

	Should Historians Be Working for the Tobacco Industry?
		Of course—the industry’s favourites are the biostatistician R A Fisher and Joseph Berkson of the Mayo Clinic, both of whom are cited to buttress the idea that there was always “room for responsible disagreement”[4] with the tobacco hazards consensus.
		The industry is now hiring historians to assist in its defence, mainly by having its experts narrow their focus of attention to only those topics that show the industry in a favourable light.
		The industry’s lawyers have become adept at this art of obfuscation, directing jurors’ attentions to trivial or confusing issues that raise various forms of doubt—the key to victory in the US legal system and a long-standing goal of the industry (recall Brown and Williamson’s 1969 claim that “doubt is our product”[21]).
	hnn.us /articles/10692.html (1665 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Business \| Huge tobacco ruling overturned
		Lawyers for the plaintiffs had argued in court that their clients should be compensated because the tobacco companies had misled them about the health risks of smoking.
		The decision marks a major legal victory for the tobacco industry, which in recent years has been hit by numerous multi-billion dollar awards in cases brought by ill smokers.
		The tobacco industry is still fighting a second case brought by the US Justice Department, which wants cigarette firms to pay $289bn in compensation for damaging public health.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/business/3048053.stm (453 words)

	Tobacco Industry Power and Influence in Florida
		* The tobacco industry is a major political and legal force in Florida through campaign contributions, public relations efforts, lobbying and litigation, which at least from the late 1970s, has had a centralized political organization in Florida that defends and promotes its political and economic interests at the local and state levels of government.
		Although the industry has operated in the open in some political campaigns, it has also operated quietly behind the scenes, often through front groups, in various other state and local political campaigns.
		Due to further negotiations with the industry, on September 11, 1998, the amount paid to Florida was increased to $13 billion and restrictions on the two year time limit regarding the youth antismoking campaign and specifically naming the industry in anti-tobacco advertisements were lifted.
	www.cleanlungs.com /education/features/power.html (1067 words)

	Tobacco Industry Downplayed Cancer Link - Cancer information on MedicineNet.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		That work ran counter to the industry's public pledge to "support a single, consistent public health message on the role played by cigarette smoking in the development of disease in smokers," according to the report published in the Jan.
		Glantz' study centers on industry reaction to groundbreaking research that linked a component of tobacco smoke to genetic mutations known to cause cancer.
		The authors of the Lancet article searched through previously confidential tobacco industry documents, which were made public by litigation, to ascertain the tobacco industry's response to the research.
	www.medicinenet.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=41466 (829 words)

	In the largest suit yet, US sues the tobacco industry \| csmonitor.com
		That same year, executives of the major tobacco companies met at the Plaza Hotel in New York with the public-relations firm of Hill and Knowlton to devise a strategy to raise doubts about the growing evidence that smoking was linked to serious medical problems.
		And it will ask a federal judge in Washington to order the industry to pay back $280 billion in past profits - an amount that the industry says would drive it into bankruptcy and that is slightly more than the industry agreed to pay states in their 1998 settlement with attorneys general.
		Tobacco companies maintain that the government would be hard-pressed to prove that every dollar they earned was the result of fraud, especially since cigarette packs have had health warnings on them since 1966.
	www.csmonitor.com /2004/0920/p03s01-usju.html (1116 words)

	The Tobacco Industry: Fact Sheet no. 18 - ASH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Its share of the world tobacco market is 15.4%, just behind the world leader Philip Morris which controls 16.4% of the global market.
		Japan Tobacco bought the international tobacco operations of RJ Reynolds in 1999 and is now the world’s third largest international tobacco company, producing 7.2% of the world’s cigarettes.
		According to the latest official estimates, in 2002, 3,362 people were employed in tobacco manufacturing, with a further 10,138 employed in the distribution of tobacco products.
	www.ash.org.uk /html/factsheets/html/fact18.html (886 words)

	Mayo Clinic - Tobacco-Industry Sponsored Research Misled Public on Secondhand Smoke Issue, Study Finds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		"The tobacco industry’s campaign to produce scientific research and influence public opinion on health consequences associated with ETS was developed to protect the financial and political interests of the companies," says Richard D. Hurt, M.D., an author of the study and medical director of the Mayo Clinic Nicotine Dependence Center.
		Five months after the release of the report, the tobacco industry filed suit against the EPA in an attempt to force withdrawal of the conclusion that ETS was a group A carcinogen.
		Industry documents indicate that research funded by CIAR was ultimately under the control of the tobacco industry.
	www.mayo.edu /comm/mcr/news_1769.html (790 words)

	Globalization of tobacco industry tactics as exemplified in Switzerland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Objective: To demonstrate tobacco industry’s well-concerted worldwide tactics in undermining national tobacco control efforts, using Switzerland as a case study.
		Major victories of the tobacco industry over the poorly organized anti-tobacco coalitions at the federal and local level have confirmed this uneasy feeling.
		The tobacco industry was able to successfully defend its interests by anticipating potential threats through meticulous long-term monitoring of tobacco-related activities and timely preparation of countermeasures.
	apha.confex.com /apha/128am/techprogram/paper_8734.htm (394 words)

	The Tobacco Industry and Civil Liability, ASAM's AMA Proposal, 1997 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Tobacco Industry and Civil Liability, ASAM's AMA Proposal, 1997
		Whereas, the tobacco industry's reprehensible past behavior is largely the basis for its
		industry and remains opposed to giving the tobacco industry any other special legal advantages that would abridge the rights of individuals or groups of individuals who have been harmed by this industry.
	www.asam.org /info/ama2.htm (298 words)

	Infact's Tobacco Industry Campaign (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The tobacco industry has a slick, well-financed public relations machine that is very good at making the industry's position sound reasonable-- until you hear the strong arguments to counter their claims, or see the whole picture where they've painted only a fragment.
		Tobacco use kills three million people worldwide each year, and is the leading cause of preventable death and disease in the developed world, accounting for close to 20% of all deaths.
		As part of that lawsuit the tobacco corporations, including Philip Morris and RJR Nabisco, were forced to turn over millions of internal documents dating roughly from the 1950s to the 1990s, which were made available to the public under the terms of the settlement.
	www.infact.org /helpstop.html (1606 words)

	Action Smoking Health Australia Tobacco Industry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Both overseas and in Australia, the tobacco industry has a long record of death, disease, consumer fraud, targeting of the vulnerable, and deceiving governments and the public.
		In their own words, see the industry documents showing how tobacco companies collaborated since 1969 to create a unified position on tobacco and health - not only between the different companies operating within Australia but with their international masters in the UK and USA.
		The VCTC's Industry Watch also has a list of brands and their manufacturers, the industry's position on key issues, links to financial reports and investor information for BAT and Philip Morris and a section on tobacco document research.
	www.ashaust.org.au /lv3/Lv3resources_tobacco_industry.htm (1670 words)

	Tobacco Control Archives
		Thousands of pages of documents from the Brown and Williamson Tobacco Corporation were donated unsolicited to the UCSF Tobacco Control Archives in 1994.
		The documents provide insight into industry plans to weaken enforcement of and support for California's 1995 smoke-free workplace legislation, and to undermine the California tobacco control program.
		Complaints filed by the Attorneys General of 44 states and similar actions against the tobacco industry.
	www.library.ucsf.edu /tobacco (331 words)

	CNN - Tobacco industry wins reprieve - Mar. 8, 1998
		The appeals court ruling was reported by Michael Ciresi, the lead attorney for Minnesota in its $1.77 billion suit against the tobacco industry.
		The tobacco industry has said the internal documents should be kept private because of attorney-client privilege.
		Minnesota and Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Minnesota are suing the tobacco industry for $1.77 billion in costs they say have been spent to treat tobacco-related illnesses.
	www.cnn.com /US/9803/08/minn.tobacco (441 words)

	TPLP Congratulates Tobacco Industry for 50 Years of Deception
		The Tobacco Products Liability Project congratulates the tobacco industry on the 50th anniversary of the Frank Statement to Cigarette Smokers.
		The Frank Statement, a full page ad casting doubt on the dangers of smoking that was placed in 448 newspapers in over 200 cities on January 4, 1954 by a “Tobacco Industry Research Committee” representing the major tobacco manufacturers, marked the beginning of the most successful and long-running corporate disinformation campaign ever.
		According to expert reports submitted by the Department of Justice in its upcoming RICO case against the industry, the disinformation conspiracy has produced between $552 to $926 billion in additional profits for the tobacco industry and its stockholders.
	www.tobacco.neu.edu /litigation/cases/pressreleases/frank_statement.htm (204 words)

	WHO \| Why is tobacco a public health priority?
		Tobacco is the second major cause of death in the world.
		Half the people that smoke today -that is about 650 million people- will eventually be killed by tobacco.
		The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control has just reached the magic number of 40 Parties (on 29 Nov 2004).
	www.who.int /tobacco/en (250 words)

	TOBACCO INDUSTRY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The allegations surfaced as the tobacco industry, the state attorney general and Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Minnesota filed motions about pre-trial document exchanges.
		The industry gave the money to Brown as it girded for battle against a bill to ban smoking in virtually all enclosed public spaces in California, the state where one in eight Americans lives.
		Antismoking activists are adopting what they see as the industry's own tactics, moving away from wide-angle warnings about the long-term health threats and focusing instead on specific brands, the smoker's self-image, and the short-term social consequences in messages tailored to specific groups.
	distance.una.edu /~kabsher/tobacco.htm (1850 words)

	State Tobacco Settlement
		ince the 1998 state tobacco settlement, we have issued regular reports assessing whether the states are keeping their promise to use their settlement funds - expected to total $246 billion over 25 years - to attack the enormous public health problem posed by tobacco use.
		The states have cut funding for tobacco prevention programs by 28 percent over the last three years and collectively have budgeted $538 million for tobacco prevention this year, which is only a third of what the CDC recommends.
		States have cut funding for tobacco prevention despite collecting a record $20 billion this year in tobacco-generated revenue from the tobacco settlement and tobacco taxes.
	tobaccofreekids.org /reports/settlements (601 words)

	CNN.com - White House warns tobacco industry - August 15, 2001
		Industry sources said the government could use regulatory power to change the way the Department of Health and Human Services monitors the ingredients in cigarettes and that the government could inhibit the industry's ability to market tobacco products overseas.
		Industry sources also said the government could decide not to intervene in disputes with other governments over shipments of tobacco products, leaving them to spoil on loading docks.
		The Clinton Justice Department sued the tobacco companies in 1999, alleging racketeering and collusion in an attempt to recover some $20 billion the government spends annually to treat smoking-related illnesses.
	archives.cnn.com /2001/LAW/08/14/tobacco.talks (568 words)

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