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	Tomato-Tobacco Mosaic Virus Disease
		Tobacco mosaic virus is one of the most common causes of virus diseases of plants in Minnesota.
		Although tobacco mosaic virus may infect many other types of plants, it generally is restricted to plants that are grown in seedbeds and transplanted or plants that are handled frequently.
		Thus, control of tobacco mosaic virus is primarily focused on reducing and eliminating sources of the virus and limiting the spread by insects.
	www.extension.umn.edu /distribution/horticulture/DG1168.html (1437 words)

	Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Virus transmission is very easy through contact during the cultural operations (implements, clothes), through seeds, water (via the roots) mostly in the glasshouses.
		The virus survives in the seeds, on plant debris, in the soil and the mould.
		Tobacco mosaic virus on tomato Mosaic due to TMV on a tomato.
	www.inra.fr /internet/Produits/HYP3/pathogene/6tmv.htm (180 words)

	Tobacco Mosaic Virus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Tomatoes are affected by several viruses including tobacco mosaic, cucumber mosaic and tomato spotted wilt.
		IPM of Alaska has documented tobacco mosaic virus as occurring in Mat-Su Valley greenhouses, especially when tomatoes are grown in the greenhouse as a follow-up crop after bedding plants or with ornamentals.
		Diagnosis of mosaic virus by use of symptoms alone is not possible in some cases, particularly as mixed infections occur and strains of different viruses may produce similar symptoms.
	www.ipmofalaska.com /files/TMV.html (1156 words)

	Tobacco Mosiac Virus of Tomato
		Several virus diseases to tomato occur in Kansas, although they generally are not as prevalent as the wilt and foliar diseases.
		The tobacco mosaic virus is very stable and can persist in contaminated soil, in infected tomato debris, on or in the seed coat, and in manufactured tobacco products.
		Aphids are not vectors of the virus, although certain chewing insects may transmit the pathogen.
	www.oznet.ksu.edu /dp_hfrr/extensn/problems/tomtotmv.htm (365 words)

	Tobacco mosaic virus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is an RNA virus that infects plants, especially tobacco and other members of the family Solanaceae, showing characteristic patterns (mottling and discoloration) on the leaves (thus the name).
		In 1955, Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat and Robley Williams showed that purified TMV RNA and its capsid (coat) protein assemble by themselves to functional viruses, indicating that this is the most stable structure (the one with the lowest free energy), and likely the natural assembly mechanism within the host cell.
		In 1958, she speculated that the virus was hollow, not solid, and hypothesized that the RNA of TMV is single-stranded.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tobacco_mosaic_virus (642 words)

	virus. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Many viruses have striking geometrically regular shapes, with helical structure as in tobacco mosaic virus, polyhedral (often icosahedral) symmetry as in herpes virus, or more complex mixtures of arrangements as in large viruses, such as the pox viruses and the larger bacterial viruses, or bacteriophages.
		A free virus particle may be thought of as a packaging device by which viral genetic material can be introduced into appropriate host cells, which the virus can recognize by means of proteins on its outermost surface.
		Some human diseases are apparently caused by the body’s response to virus infection: immune reaction to altered virus-infected cells, release by infected cells of inflammatory substances, or circulation in the body of virus-antibody complexes are all virus-caused immunological disorders.
	www.bartleby.com /65/vi/virus.html (922 words)

	TB01
		Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) results in losses in North Carolina of about 1 to 2 percent of the crop by reducing the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.
		Tobacco Trash - Tobacco mosaic virus will survive for years in dried tobacco tissue, so anything that may be contaminated with pieces of leaf, stem, or root tissue should be cleaned prior to use in the crop.
		Crops planted in North Carolina that are susceptible to TMV are tobacco, tomato, pepper, and eggplant.
	www.ces.ncsu.edu /depts/pp/notes/oldnotes/tb1.htm (1812 words)

	Mosaic Virus -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is an RNA virus that infects plants, especially tobacco, showing characteristic patterns (mottling and discoloration) on the leaves (thus the name).
		Brome mosaic virus (BMV) is a small (27 nm, 86S), positive-stranded, icosahedral RNA plant virus belonging to the family Bromoviridae of the alphavirus-like superfamily (Francki, 1985).
		Mosaics of the 4th century BC are found in the Macedonian palace-city of Aegina and they enriched the floors of Hellenistic villas, but mosaic floors are particularly associated with Roman dwellings, from Britain (''illustration, right'') to Dura-Europas.
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/100/mosaic-virus.html (1420 words)

	Flue-Cured Tobacco Variety Information for 2001
		NC 100 is resistant to tobacco mosaic virus, potato virus Y, and the common races of the root knot nematode.
		It is resistant to tobacco mosaic virus and the common races of the root knot nematode.
		H20 is resistant to tobacco mosaic virus and to the common races of the root knot nematode.
	www.ext.vt.edu /pubs/tobacco/436-047-01/436-047.html (923 words)

	Characterization of tobacco mosaic virus isolated from tomato in India
		This suggests that the virus under study is a strain of TMV and therefore we have named it as tobacco mosaic virus tomato strain from Karnataka, India (TMV(Tom-K)).
		The virus under study was transmitted mechanically from tomato to tomato and tobacco with an efficiency of 100%.
		strain of TMV and not a strain of ToMV.
	www.ias.ac.in /currsci/may25/articles30.htm (2299 words)

	UCONN IPM Tomatoes: Diseases: Mosaic Virus
		TMV is a worldwide pathogen and one of the first plant viruses that scientists described.
		TMV is seen on apple, beet, sugar beet, buckwheat, currant, grape, pear, spinach and turnip, as well.
		Cucumber mosaic is spread in a nonpersistant manner by aphids.
	www.hort.uconn.edu /ipm/veg/htms/mosvirto.htm (1316 words)

	RISK ASSESSMENT OF RECOMBINATION AND TRANSCAPSIDATION OF TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS WITH THE CUCUMBER MOSAIC VIRUS COAT ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		TMV is a rod-shaped plant virus with a single-stranded RNA genome of 6.4 kb, encoding five proteins involved in virus replication, movement and encapsidation.
		The modified TMV cDNA clone was digested with the restriction endonucleases PacI and AccI, which cleave at residues 5785 and 6064, respectively, of the TMV genome, and the ends were made blunt by treatment with the Klenow fragment of E.
		Diagram of the TMV genome and of the hybrid viruses T/CMV-0 and T/CMV-1.
	www.isb.vt.edu /brarg/brasym96/palukaitis96.htm (3043 words)

	Molecular Dynamics of STMV
		Satellite Tobacco Mosaic Virus is a small, icosahedral plant virus which worsens the symptoms of infection by Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV).
		The mechanism through which the virus assembles has not yet been discovered through experimental techniques; among the most critical questions is whether STMV assembly is primarily driven by the capsid or the viral RNA.
		Although a crystal structure for the RNA backbone exists, it is also unclear how the sequence of the virus maps onto that backbone, because it has been impossible to obtain a high enough resolution electron map for that part of the structure.
	www.ks.uiuc.edu /Research/STMV (840 words)

	UCONN IPM: Integrated Pest Management:Greenhouse:Some Virus Diseases of Greenhouse Crops
		Mosaic (a variable pattern of chlorotic and healthy tissue on the same leaf), distortion of leaves or flowers, yellow or chlorotic streaking, yellow veins, ring spots, dead brown areas (necrosis), and unusual line patterns may be symptoms of viral infections.
		For example, a virus causing light and dark green areas (mosaic patterns) that was first seen on tobacco was named tobacco mosaic virus.
		Tobacco ringspot virus is spread mechanically, by nematodes (Xiphinema) and by seed in petunia.
	www.hort.uconn.edu /ipm/greenhs/htms/gcrpvirus.htm (1658 words)

	Virus Structure
		The discovery that virus particles could form spontaneously from purified subunits without any extraneous information indicated that the particle was in the free energy minimum state and was therefore the favoured structure of the components.
		Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is representative of one of the two major structural classes seen in viruses of all types, those with helical symmetry.
		TMV particles are rigid, rod-like structures, but some helical viruses demonstrate considerable flexibility and longer helical virus particles are often seen to be curved or bent.
	www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk /109/structure.html (2777 words)

	SPM (AFM, LFM...) in Biology - Viruses
		Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV or Satellite TMV) is the most popular object among other numerous mosaic viruses investigated so far [953, 1045].
		It was supposed that the use of the enzyme reverse transcriptase from the AIDS virus to modify AFM cantilever make it a powerful tool to test new medications capable of inhibiting this enzyme and inactivating the action of the virus [E001-E004].
		Also, Immobilization of one virus particle on the tip of the cantilever opens up the possibility of measuring the force necessary for this virus to infect a single cell [1535].
	www.spmtips.com /bibliography/biology/viruses (1835 words)

	Introduction to the Viruses (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		But when a dormant virus is stimulated, it enters the lytic phase: new viruses are formed, self-assemble, and burst out of the host cell, killing the cell and going on to infect other cells.
		Even a hypothetical virus that could infect and kill all dinosaurs, 65 million years ago, could not have infected the ammonites or foraminifera that also went extinct at the same time.
		Viruses also carry out natural "genetic engineering": a virus may incorporate some genetic material from its host as it is replicating, and transfer this genetic information to a new host, even to a host unrelated to the previous host.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu.cob-web.org:8888 /alllife/virus.html (638 words)

	71.0.1.0.001 Tobacco mosaic virus (vulgare strain; ssp. NC82 strain)
		Virus is the type species of the genus.
		Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; transmitted by contact between plants; transmitted by seed (occasionally transmitted through the testa, but not through the embryo); not transmitted by pollen.
		All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.
	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /ICTVdb/ICTVdB/71010001.htm (1233 words)

	Plant Viruses Online - Tobacco mosaic satellivirus
		Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by seed.
		The sequence of tobacco mosaic satellite virus genomic RNA indicates that, probably, much of it is base paired.
		This satellite virus is found naturally associated with tobacco mild green mosaic tobamovirus, but can be experimentally coinfect with any of tobamoviruses.
	image.fs.uidaho.edu /vide/descr802.htm (588 words)

	ORF6 of Tobacco mosaic virus is a determinant of viral pathogenicity in Nicotiana benthamiana -- Canto et al. 85 (10): ...
		ORF6 of Tobacco mosaic virus is a determinant of viral pathogenicity in Nicotiana benthamiana -- Canto et al.
		Plants were inoculated with: (a) RNAs of wt TMV, TMV missing ORF6 [TMV(ORF6–)], PVX or PVX expressing TMV ORF6 [PVX+(ORF6)]; (b) RNAs of TRV vectors either expressing the TMV ORF6 [TRV+(ORF6), upper row of plants] or the ORF6 sequence with the putative initiation codons altered from methionine to threonine [TRV+(ORF6–), lower row of plants].
		Gal-On, A., Kaplan, I., Roossinck, M. and Palukaitis, P. The kinetics of infection of zucchini squash by cucumber mosaic virus indicate a function for RNA 1 in virus movement.
	vir.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/85/10/3123 (6026 words)

	Tobacco Mosaic Virus, Tobamovirus TMV (ssRNA positive-strand viruses, no DNA stage: Tobmosviridae) @ Forestry Images
		Mosaic does not result in plant death, but if infection occurs early in the season, plants are stunted.
		Tobacco mosaic once was the major disease of burley but is now rare because most varieties have excellent resistance.
		But, there are numerous strains of tobacco mosaic virus, and the symptoms vary greatly from a mild mottling to gross distortion or puckering of the leaves.
	www.forestryimages.org /browse/subimages.cfm?sub=6948 (478 words)

	TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS PARTIALLY SYSTEMIC IN CAPSICUM ANNUUM
		Niška šipka plants infected with tobacco mosaic virus, showing stem and pod necrosis, the virus is present in root, stem and pod, but rarely in leaf petiole and very rarely in the leaf blade.
		With pepper cvs Sorokšari, California Wonder and Austriska kapija, infected with tobacco mosaic virus and showing necrotic spots on leaves, the virus is mainly restricted to the leaves with necrotic spots or mosaic and rarely present in stem and root.
		The unequal distribution of tobacco mosaic virus in these pepper cultivars is one kind of "Partially systemic infection".
	www.actahort.org /books/127/127_5.htm (139 words)

	Tobacco plants enlisted in war on cancer - tobacco mosaic virus used to make vaccines - Brief Article Science News - ...
		This role reversal stems from the ability of a well-studied pathogen, the tobacco mosaic virus, to force an infected plant to mass-produce the proteins of the virus.
		To test that possibility, Tuse, Levy, and their colleagues used tobacco plants to make a fragment of an antibody from a mouse B cell lymphoma.
		When this fragment was injected into healthy mice as a cancer vaccine, the animals produced antibodies targeting the protein, the scientists report in Jan. 19 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1200/is_5_155/ai_54031953 (627 words)

	LiveScience.com - Virtual Virus is First Simulation of an Entire Life Form
		Using a real-life virus as a model, researchers have built a virtual version using more than a million digital atoms.
		For their project, the researchers chose to digitally reverse engineer the satellite tobacco mosaic virus due to its small size and simplicity.
		In fact, the satellite virus is so simple that it can only infect a cell that has already been hijacked by another virus, the tobacco mosaic virus that infects a variety of plants.
	www.livescience.com /technology/060327_computer_virus.html (454 words)

	Dysfunctionality of a tobacco mosaic virus movement protein mutant mimicking threonine 104 phosphorylation -- Karger et ...
		Dysfunctionality of a tobacco mosaic virus movement protein mutant mimicking threonine 104 phosphorylation -- Karger et al.
		Dysfunctionality of a tobacco mosaic virus movement protein mutant mimicking threonine 104 phosphorylation
		Mas, P. and Beachy, R. Replication of tobacco mosaic virus on endoplasmic reticulum and role of the cytoskeleton and virus movement protein in intracellular distribution of viral RNA.
	vir.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/84/3/727 (2427 words)

	Changing Patterns of Localization of the Tobacco Mosaic Virus Movement Protein and Replicase to the Endoplasmic ...
		Kasteel, D.T.J., Perbal, M.-C., Boyer, J.-C., Wellink, J., Goldbach, R.W., Maule, A.J., and van Lent, J.W.M. (1996) The movement proteins of cowpea mosaic virus and cauliflower mosaic virus induce tubular structures in plant and insect cells.
		McLean, B.G., Zupan, J., and Zambryski, P.C. (1995) Tobacco mosaic virus movement protein associates with the cytoskeleton in tobacco cells.
		Shalla, T.A. (1964) Assembly and aggregation of tobacco mosaic virus in tomato leaflets.
	www.plantcell.org /cgi/content/full/10/7/1107 (6999 words)

	Tobacco Mosaic Virus Innoculation Lab - Science Kit and Boreal Laboratories
		TMV symptoms in the form of necrotic local lesions develop on the leaves where the virus was introduced 1 day after infect.
		Because cell death is so rapid, the virus is not replicated beyond the initially infected cells and the virus is not transported to adjacent uninfected cells.
		Virus crystals can be viewed using a microscope in 1 week+.
	www.sciencekit.com /category.asp_Q_c_E_436764 (190 words)

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