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	AllRefer.com - Tobias George Smollett (English Literature, 1500 To 1799, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Tobias George Smollett, English Literature, 1500 To 1799, Biographies
		Tobias George Smollett[smol´it] Pronunciation Key, 1721–71, Scottish novelist.
		Smollett achieved his greatest success with Humphry Clinker (1771), a comical but sympathetic story of a family's adventures through England and Scotland written in the form of letters.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/Smollett.html (389 words)

	Brief biography of Tobias George Smollett (1721-1771)
		Smollett was interested only in telling a story, without regard for any lesson it might teach or for even the fairly lax conventions of the eighteenth century; indeed, his hero, a man of 'modest merit struggling with every difficulty', was an unprincipled scoundrel.
		Smollett utilized the older, shapeless form of story telling; the hero wandered across the country, encountering all manner of misadventures 'intended as a satire upon mankind'.
		Smollett was always attracted by oddities of speech and eccentricities of action, by farcical situations, loud noises and violent movement.
	www.ourcivilisation.com /smartboard/shop/smollett/about.htm (613 words)

	Tobias Smollett
		SMOLLETT, TOBIAS, or, to give him his full name, as it appears in the baptismal record, TOBIAS GEORGE SMOLLETT, a celebrated novelist, poet, and miscellaneous writer, was born in the oldhouse of Dalquhurn, near the modern village of Renton, in the parish of Cardross, Dumbartonshire, in the year 1721.
		Smollett went into this enthusiasm, and on the very day of the earl of Bute’s elevation, May 29th, 1762, he started a newspaper entitled "The Briton," in which he laboured to break down the prejudices of the English against a Scottish premier, and undertook the defence of the new administration upon its own merits.
		Smollett, who thus died prematurely in the fifty-first year of his age, and the bloom of his mental faculties, was tall and handsome, with a most prepossessing carriage and address, and all the marks and manners of a gentleman.
	www.electricscotland.com /HISTORY/other/smollett_tobias.htm (4792 words)

	Tobias Smollett biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Tobias George Smollett (March 19, 1721 - September 17, 1771) was a Scottish author, best known for his picaresque novels, such as Roderick Random and Peregrine Pickle.
		He was the son of a judge and land-owner, and was educated at the University of Glasgow, qualifying as a surgeon.
		Smollett followed it up by finally getting his tragedy, The Regicide, published, though it was never performed.
	tobias-smollett.biography.ms (419 words)

	SLAINTE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Smollett was a less prolific novelist than Scott, and his books are not as readable as Stevenson's, but he was the first Scottish novelist and he has never been surpassed.
		Smollett was his own worst enemy and succeeded in offending many people.
		Smollett died an invalid near Leghorn in Italy in 1771.
	www.slainte.org.uk /Scotauth/smolldsw.htm (790 words)

	A Compendium of Authentic and Entertaining Voyages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		That Smollett’s writings cannot happily be contained under the label of literature, even by those who have restricted their interest in him to his picaresque novels, hints at a truth important to any analysis of Smollett’s broader career, including his intersection with the culture of Enlightenment geography.
		Smollett’s second geographical labour of compilation was an eight-volume account of the Present State of All Nations (1768—69), whose subtitle laid bare the project’s affinity with geography: ‘A Geographical, Natural, Commercial and Political History of All the Countries of the Known World’.
		Tobias Smollett’s A Compendium of Authentic and Entertaining Voyages was a seven-volume duodecimo set which aimed to abridge and digest primary accounts of world exploration and imperial ventures spanning from the time of Christopher Columbus to the recent past, concluding with George Anson’s circumnavigation in 1740.
	www.thoemmes.com /geography/smollett_intro.htm (4656 words)

	LIVORNO
		In Smollett’s day the most important Scots family in Leghorn were the Aikmans, the house of Aikman having been established in the 1690s.
		Smollett was one of the witnesses, as was Smollett’s landlady when he stayed in Florence in 1764, Signora Vanini.
		The Renners were a part of the English Factory in Leghorn and doubtless it was their position in Leghorn which led Smollett to choose to live there at the very end of his life.
	members.aol.com /butineurs/smollett.htm (2499 words)

	The Scotsman - S2 Weekend - Tobias Smollett (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Tobias Smollett was born into a prosperous Scots family in Dalquhur, and baptised in the small parish church of Cardross, on the banks of the Clyde.
		Smollett’s father was not a healthy man, but he sent his son to Dumbarton Grammar School and then Glasgow University with the aim of becoming a doctor.
		Smollett was also however, spending a great deal of time writing, and once he had completed his degree, he left Scotland for London - not to practice medicine, but to try and get his play, The Regicide, put on the London stage.
	thescotsman.scotsman.com /s2.cfm?id=953562003 (864 words)

	Tobias Smollett Homepage and Biography on Bibliomania.com
		Tobias George Smollett was the son of a Scottish landowner and was born near Dunbarton.
		Still financially insecure and now troubled by illness, Smollett took all the medical work he could, continued with his translation of Cervantes' Don Quixote (another disappointment on its appearance in 1755) and in 1756 became editor of the Critical Review which he co-founded and where he stayed until 1763.
		Smollett's last years were spent writing some of his finest work, including the satirical The Adventures of an Atom (1769)and his finest novel, The Expedition of Humphrey Clinker (1771).
	www.bibliomania.com /0/0/44 (604 words)

	Literary Encyclopedia: Smollett, Tobias (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Smollett's intention was, he wrote, to convert prose romance to “purposes far more useful and entertaining … and point out the follies of ordinary life”, in order to inculcate “that generous indignation, which ought to animate the reader against the sordid and vicious disposition of the world”.
		Episodic, like Smollett's earlier fiction, the novel's central conceit makes it harder than it should have been for readers then or now to take seriously the real criticisms of contemporary abuses of the law, especially the very pertinent topic of arbitrary confinement in private mad-houses, such as that in which the hero is temporarily incarcerated.
		Above all, however, Smollett's final novel is suffused with a raw authorial humanity that reveals itself to be constantly affronted by the injustice, poverty, and prejudice that is the lot of the underprivileged or marginal in eighteenth-century Britain.
	www.litencyc.com /php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=4134 (2847 words)

	Smollett, Tobias George (1721-71). Novelist. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		According to tradition, Smollett was born beneath a plane tree at Dalquharn House on the family estate of Bonhill in the Vale of Leven, near the village of Renton (Dumbartonshire).
		Another of Smollett's foes was the highly touchy David Malloch, and a libellous attack on Admiral Knowles in the Critical Review (which Smollett edited 1756-63) even led to Smollett being briefly imrisoned in 1759.
		Smollett was also troubled (like most writers) by lack of money, which led him to do translations (including "Gil Blas" and "Don Quixote") and literary editing (most notably of the works of Voltaire).
	www.users.globalnet.co.uk /~crumey/tobias_smollett.html (448 words)

	Tobias Smollett
		After graduating, Smollett became a surgeon’s mate in the navy and in 1744, he began practice as a surgeon himself.
		Much of Smollett’s behavior was believed to have come from his illness.
		Although his life was short, Tobias Smollett was the first and is still the most regarded Scottish novelist of all time.
	courses.wcupa.edu /wanko/LIT400/Italy/tobias_smollett.htm (262 words)

	The Adventures of Roderick Random:Smollett, Tobias (Author); Blewett, David (Editor/introduction):0140433325:eCampus.com
		Narrated by an unheroic, apparently rudderless hero named Random, Smollett's wildly energetic and entertaining novel is held together not least by the narrator's outrage and dismay.
		Although Roderick Random was first published anonymously, the secret of Smollett's authorship was soon discovered, with the result that many readers thought they recognized similarities between the life of the hero and that of his creator.
		How Random learns to survive the fickle hand of fortune, recovers his long-lost father, marries his beloved Narcissa, and dispatches his enemies is the stuff, not of autobiography but of a novel which profoundly satirizes the moral chaos of its times.
	www.ecampus.com /bk_detail.asp?isbn=0140433325 (194 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Books: Tobias Smollett (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Crammed with curious details from the worlds of publishing, medicine, politics and literary life, Tobias Smollett is a magnificent resurrection of a writer who was hard-boiled and thin-skinned, generous and vindictive, comical and curmudgeonly, and deserves to be far better remembered than he is.
		Smollett was also up-to-date in that he wrote for the market, rather than for a patron.
		Smollett, needing to generate income, both started his own review and was a "pen-for-hire." A goodly portion of the book is devoted to the "word-wars," as Smollett and his contemporaries criticize each other's work and also engage in broadsides regarding the political issues of the day.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/0224061518 (1332 words)

	George Orwell: Tobias Smollett: Scotland's Best Novelist
		Smollett is a picaresque novelist, a writer of long, formless tales full of farcical and improbable adventures.
		Smollett writes of the middle class, but the mercantile and professional middle class, the kind of people who are cousins to a landowner and take their manners from the aristocracy.
		Smollett had been for a while in the navy, and in Roderick Random we are given not only an unvarnished account of the Cartagena expedition, but an extraordinarily vivid and disgusting description of the inside of a warship, in those days a sort of floating compendium of disease, discomfort, tyranny and incompetence.
	orwell.ru /library/reviews/smollett/english/e_ts (1531 words)

	Publisher description for Library of Congress control number 95001786 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The eighteenth-century comic novelist Tobias Smollett has often been criticized for the extreme physicality of his writing, which is full of scatological images and graphic depictions of bodily injury and disintegration.
		But Smollett's special contribution to the eighteenth-century novel is his emphasis on sentience, or the sensations of the physical body.
		Trained in medicine, Smollett was especially alert to the ways in which the discourses of medicine, philosophy, and law construct (as we would put it now) the body as an object of knowledge, and yet his work always returns to the importance of the physical world of the body and its feelings.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/description/uchi051/95001786.html (263 words)

	Tobias George Smollett
		Tobias George Smollett (1721-1771), Scottish novelist, was born in Dalquhurn, Dumbarton County Scotland.
		Smollett was born beneath a plane tree at Dalquharn House on the family estate of Bon hill in the Vale of Leven, near the village of Renton, Dumbartonshire.
		It is not long before a deus ex machina appears in the form of a sailor uncle: He was a strongly built man, somewhat bandy-legged, with a neck like that of a bull, and a face which had withstood the most obstinate assaults of the weather.
	www.freeessays.cc /db/18/eft15.shtml (518 words)

	New Statesman: Carry on, doctor - Tobias Smollett by Jeremy Lewis - Book Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Born near Glasgow, the youngest son of a local worthy (high sheriff of Dunbarton and a justice of the peace), Smollett trained from his early teens to be a doctor, "a manual job, akin to hairdressing".
		He was apprenticed to William Sterling in 1736 and became expert in "the use of the obstetrical hook"; Smollett also chopped off "gangrenous limbs and syphilitic chancres" and was a virtuoso when it came to administering the enema pump, particularly on the high seas during a gale.
		Smollett translated Cervantes (though be claimed to be "a mere piddler in the Spanish language") and wrote encyclopaedias as well as a bestselling, 2,600-page history of England.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0FQP/is_4656_132/ai_109504021 (798 words)

	Smollett, Tobias -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		The English satirical novelist Tobias Smollett is best known for his picaresque novels relating episodes in the lives of rogue heroes.
		Unrivaled for the pace and vigor that sustain his comedy, Smollett is especially brilliant in the rendering of comic characters, anticipating the manner of Charles Dickens.
		Tobias Smollett had no desire to rival Fielding as a formal innovator, and his novels consequently tend to be rather ragged assemblings of disparate incidents.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9336771 (725 words)

	Smollett, Tobias George on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Smollett vs. Hawkesworth: the trouble with 'Telemachus.' (Tobias Smollett and John Hawkesworth)
		Sentimental misogyny and medicine in 'Humphry Clinker.' (English author Tobias George Smollett's 18th-century novel 'The Expedition of Humphry Clinker')
		Smollett's Representation and Critique of the Traffic in Women: a Narrative Strand in Roderick Random.(Tobias George Smollett)(Critical Essay)
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/s/smollett.asp (568 words)

	Tobias Smollett (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Tobias George Smollett (de marcha la 19 de 1721 - de septiembre el 17 de 1771) era autor escocés, conocido lo más mejor posible para sus novelas del picaresque, tales como salmuera al azar y peregrine de Roderick.
		Smollett fue llevado en Dalquhurn, ahora parte de Renton, en Dunbartonshire del oeste actual, Escocia.
		Smollett entonces comenzó lo que él miró como su trabajo importante, una historia completa de Inglaterra, que tomó a partir la 1757 a 1765.
	www.yotor.net /wiki/es/to/Tobias%20Smollett.htm (487 words)

	GO BRITANNIA! Scotland: Great Scots of Note
		A born story teller, Smollett's uncanny observations of the follies of an adventurous life came from his own experience in the British navy, where he served as second mate to a ship's surgeon in the early 1740's.
		In many of his novels, Smollett substituted racial characterizations for social class, a trick that made his work very popular at a time when the Scots and Welsh, with their strange customs and even stranger languages, were coming to London in increasing numbers.
		The good people are not ignorant of this adulteration; but they prefer it to wholesome bread, because it is whiter than the meal of corn; thus they sacrifice their taste and their health and the lives of their tender infants, to a most absurd gratification of a mis-judging eye.
	www.britannia.com /celtic/scotland/greatscots/s2.html (2984 words)

	Famous Scots - Tobias George Smollet
		Tobias George Smollet was born at Dalquhurn, Dumbartonshire, of a good Scottish family.
		If his picture of life afloat in those times is a faithful one, it is small wonder that Smollett left the service in disgust.
		Who, having secured the applause of posterity by a variety of literary abilities and a peculiar felicity of composition was, by a rapid and cruel distemper, snatched from this world in the fifty-first year of his age.
	www.rampantscotland.com /famous/blfamsmollett.htm (446 words)

	Alibris: Tobias George Smollett
		Smollett's last novel, written when he was mortally ill with tuberculosis, is an epistolary tale recounting the adventures of the Clinker family as they travel in the British Isles.
		Smollett was a man of letters in the fullest sense.
		The council of Twenty-Eight being assembled in a great hurry, Fika-kaka sat about five seconds in silence, having in his countenance, nearly the same expression which you have seen in the face and attitude of Felix on his tribunal, as represented by the facetious Hogarth in his print done after the Dutch taste.
	www.alibris.com /search/books/author/Tobias_George_Smollett (739 words)

	MSN Encarta Winkler Prins - Smollett, Tobias George
		MSN Encarta Winkler Prins - Smollett, Tobias George
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		Zoeken in Encarta Winkler Prins naar Smollett, Tobias George
	nl.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_1021538941/Smollett_Tobias_George.html (83 words)

	Tobias Smollett (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Smollett, Tobias, The Expedition of Humphrey Clinker, Medical Humanities, Literature Arts and Medicine: Summarizes the novel in the context of eighteenth-century medical knowledge and practice.
		Tobias George Smollett Novelist 1721-1771, SLAINTE (Scottish Libraries Across the Internet): A biographical excerpt from Louis Stott's Discovering Scottish Writers.
		Tobias Smollett, a brief biography followed by an unannotated bibliography of the writer's work.
	library.marist.edu /diglib/english/englishliterature/17th-18thc-authors/smollett-tobias.htm (103 words)

	The Adventures Of Ferdinand Count Fathom — Complete by Tobias George Smollett eBook by BookRags
		It shows relatively little, too, of Smollett’s vigorous personality, which in his earlier works was present to give life and interest to almost every chapter, were it to describe a street brawl, a ludicrous situation, a whimsical character, or with venomous prejudice to gibbet some enemy.
		We think of Smollett, generally, as a rambling storyteller, a rational, unromantic man of the world, who fills his pages with his own oddly-metamorphosed acquaintances and experiences.
		The Smollett of Count Fathom, on the contrary, is rather a forerunner of the romantic school, who has created a tolerably organic tale of adventure out of his own brain.
	www.bookrags.com /ebooks/6761/5.html (523 words)

	Travels through France and Italy by Tobias George Smollett eBook by BookRags
		Another effect of Smollett’s book was to whet his own appetite for recording the adventures of the open road.
		The borrowed contempt of Horace Walpole and the coterie of superficial dilettanti, from which Smollett’s book has somehow never wholly recovered, could then easily be outflanked and the Travels might well be in reasonable expectation of coming by their own again.
		Smollett, as we have seen, was one of the first professional men of all work in letters upon a considerable scale who subsisted entirely upon the earnings of his own pen.
	www.bookrags.com /ebooks/2311/6.html (442 words)

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