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Topic: Tocqueville

	Tocqueville
		Tocqueville believed that the ideal of equality was the "ruling passion" in democratic ages.
		One of Tocqueville's most important arguments is that, in short, in the US, despotism was prevented by fraternity (this may be a stretch in the use of the word fraternity) - that is, by associations between people.
		Tocqueville argues that individualism (as opposed to the more general egotism) is a peculiar problem under democracy, that spreads in proportion with the equality of conditions.
	www.unc.edu /~lpalmer/notes/may27.html (1069 words)

	ALEXIS DE TOCQUEVILLE
		Tocqueville observed when the penitentiary system was applied in the extreme, the effects of absolute solitary confinement could be devastating.
		Critics respond to Tocqueville’s claims that “far from being an era of egalitarianism, Jacksonian America was an age of inequality” (Pope, 1986: 100).
		Tocqueville’s ideas on social control are reflected in Gary T. Marx’s (1991: 39) article "The New Surveillance." In this article, Marx explores new surveillance techniques and other control measures employed by social control agencies.
	www.criminology.fsu.edu /crimtheory/tocqueville.htm (3895 words)

	Alexis de Tocqueville - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Alexis de Tocqueville once observed that it is easier for the world to accept a simple lie than a complex truth.
		Tocqueville is a major observer and philosopher of democracy, which he saw as an equation that balanced liberty and equality, concern for the individual as well as the community.
		Alexis de Tocqueville thought that association, the coming together of people for common purpose, would bind Americans to an idea of nation larger than selfish desires.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville (917 words)

	Harvey Mansfield and Delba Winthrop: What Tocqueville Would Say Today (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		What Tocqueville might say to them is that the people are better served by being enabled to fight for themselves, under a government that directs its energies to shoring up the social and political institutions and habits that make it necessary and possible for citizens to "associate"—or, in today’s parlance, to participate.
		Tocqueville reserves his most somber rhetoric for a description of a democracy in which citizens are shepherded into his famous "mild despotism," under which power is exercised by "school-master" administrators.
		Tocqueville realized that when individuals pool their efforts, they may be able to meet more of their common needs without the assistance of a strong central government.
	www.hooverdigest.org /013/mansfield.html (2857 words)

	In Search of Tocqueville's Democracy in America
		Tocqueville is buried in the village of Tocqueville near Normandy.
		Tocqueville came from an aristocratic background and he had a private tutor, the abbe Lesueur, until high school and then attended high school and college in Metz.
		Tocqueville actively engages in debates in the Chamber of Deputies on issues such as the slave trade, Algerian colonization and reforms and the question of succession after Louis-Phillipe's death, in which he favors an elective regency.
	www.tocqueville.org /chap1.htm (1831 words)

	GradeSaver: ClassicNote: Biography of Alexis de Tocqueville (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Tocqueville's father was a royalist prefect from Normandy who supported the Bourbon monarchy, his great-grandfather was a liberal aristocrat killed in the French Revolution, and his mother was a devout Roman Catholic who strongly advocated a return on the Old Regime.
		In the meantime, Tocqueville's father's career had been steadily advancing until, in 1826, he became prefect of Versailles (the most influential prefecture in France) and in 1827 was made a peer by Charles X. At the same time, Tocqueville received a position as apprentice magistrate at the Versailles court of law.
		During this period Tocqueville began to have increasingly liberal sympathies as a result of his belief that the decline of the aristocracy was inevitable.
	www.gradesaver.com /ClassicNotes/Authors/about_alexis_tocqueville.html (872 words)

	Amazon.com: Democracy in America: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Tocqueville thought the search for equality would ultimately draw people away from freedom, but to the contrary, the demand of equality is the ultimate guarantee of freedom in democracy.
		Tocqueville writes, "The New Englander is attached to this township because it is strong and independent...in the restricted sphere within his scope, he learns to rule society" (p70) As one learns to rule, he will also be empowered and emboldened to start prosperous private enterprises.
		Tocqueville certainly deserves much credit for contributing to the spread of democracy with this masterpiece Democracy in America, but the small blemish is that, a little down in his perhaps prejudiced aristocratic mind, the great man thought Democracy to be less versatile than it has proven to be.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0060915226?v=glance (3721 words)

	BrothersJudd Blog: PRIVATE LIFE, CIVIC PURPOSE:
		For Tocqueville, it was the capacity of American private associations to, in effect, secede from politics which made them special, and made them unlike European associations, which see themselves as governments about to happen; every French political club is a coup d'état waiting in a café.
		Tocqueville treads a delicate balance: while he believes that the pure springs of American town-meeting democracy can be polluted by materialism, he also believes that materialism is one of the things that keep the springwater of American democracy from being stained with blood.
		Tocqueville saw that, in a democratic society, the classical division between political engagement and the cultivation of private serenity need not be absolute.
	www.brothersjudd.com /blog/archives/009566.html (708 words)

	PBS: Think Tank: Transcript for "Alexis de Tocqueville’s Democracy in America"
		Tocqueville was convinced that there were many pitfalls along the road to democracy and that it could lead just as easily to terror and tyranny as it could to peace and prosperity.
		Tocqueville and Beaumont visited nearly every corner of the American Republic: from as far north as Boston, to the Gulf of Mexico in the South and even Green Bay, Wisconsin in what was then the Northwest part of America.
		Tocqueville’s observations on the American experiment in Democracy, and his predictions for its future, are considered among the most insightful and prophetic ever recorded.
	www.pbs.org /thinktank/transcript975.html (2827 words)

	Alexis de Tocqueville -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Alexis de Tocqueville (July 29, 1805 – April 16, 1859) was a (The Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France) French (additional info and facts about political thinker) political thinker and (A person who is an authority on history and who studies it and writes about it) historian.
		He was born in (The capital and largest city of France; and international center of culture and commerce) Paris and died in (A port and resort city on the French Riviera; site of an annual film festival) Cannes.
		Alexis de Tocqueville thought that (A formal organization of people or groups of people) association, the coming together of people for common purpose, would bind Americans to an idea of nation larger than selfish desires.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/al/alexis_de_tocqueville.htm (918 words)

	Tocqueville and the Nature of Democracy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Tocqueville came to America in May of 1831 seeking intellectual clarity about the essence of democracy, obscured from view in Europe by the terrible violence of the French Revolution.
		His defects make him prey for the "soft" despotism Tocqueville so dreaded, a despotism of enervation, where liberty is abandoned and a bloated central power administers to the needs of an infantalized population.
		Tocqueville acutely perceived the Sisyphean nature of moderating democracy in order to preserve the "prosperity and morality" of the democratic regime.
	www.firstthings.com /ftissues/ft9603/reviews/tocque.html (1482 words)

	TAP: Vol 12, Iss. 17. Translations: Stealing Tocqueville?. John Gould. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Nor is it obvious that even "Tocqueville the prescient" could have anticipated the range of issues on which democratic societies would have to make decisions over the next 160-odd years about appropriate areas and levels of government involvement.
		One is that Tocqueville's analysis of the dangers of hypercentralized power was not cast in such unsophisticated, quantifying terms as "big" and "small." The other is that "big government" is simply a loaded expression at the turn of the twenty-first century; it has an ineluctably neoconservative message packed into it.
		Tocqueville's usage might give the appearance that these terms are interchangeable, in which case his alternation between the two would seem needlessly confusing.
	www.prospect.org /print/V12/17/gould-j.html (2246 words)

	Tocqueville on the US Legal System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Tocqueville offers a four-tier evaluation of the American legal system which centers upon (1) the nature of the constitutional order, (2) the political jurisdiction enjoyed by Congress, (3) the role of the lawyer and (4) of the jury system.
		Tocqueville’s approach to law integrates several elements that are central to Democracy in America.
		Tocqueville provides an “integrative jurisprudence,” that is, he combines the key competing schools of law into a coherent whole.
	www2.bc.edu /~lynchtq/toc.html (3415 words)

	Encyclopedia: Alexis de Tocqueville
		There are communes that have the name Tocqueville in France: Tocqueville, in the Eure département Tocqueville, in the Manche département Related Tocqueville-en-Caux, in the Seine-Maritime département Tocqueville-les-Murs, in the Seine-Maritime département Tocqueville-sur-Eu, in the Seine-Maritime département Persons Alexis de Tocqueville This...
		Alexis De Tocqueville, Photogravure from a steel engraving, from 1899 edition of Democracy In America This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright.
		The Alexis de Tocqueville Institution (AdTI) (not Institute) is a Washington, DC-based think-tank, named after the French historian Alexis de Tocqueville.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Alexis-de-Tocqueville (3628 words)

	With Alexis de Tocqueville in Green Bay
		Tocqueville and Beaumont joined the tour and made their way to Mackinac, to Sault Sainte Marie and, finally, to Green Bay, which was to be the extreme point of their venture into the wilderness.
		Tocqueville also quizzed him on the success of Indian missions, and Father Mullon enthusiastically claimed the spread of Christianity among the Indians and the fervor of their adherence to the church.
		Tocqueville was worried that "the light of faith grows dim" and feared for the viability of free institutions without it.
	www.uwgb.edu /wisfrench/library/articles/toc/toc.htm (2991 words)

	Building Cathedrals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Hence, de Tocqueville saw the main evil of American democracy not as the weakness France rumored it to be, but from its strength in the majority.
		Herein lies the possibility of tyranny that de Tocqueville feared: the majority could, at least in theory, determine social acceptability of thought and actions.
		But the government, empowered by the majority to act on the behalf of the governed, functioned to provide for the general welfare of the greatest possible number of its citizens (a practice central to the concept of utilitarianism).
	www.angelfire.com /wa2/buildingcathedrals/tocqueville.html (399 words)

	Encéphi - Alexis de Tocqueville
		Toute l'œuvre de Tocqueville repose sur la foi qu'il a pour le progrès de l'égalité des conditions entre les êtres humains.
		Tocqueville retiendra premièrement comme preuve de ce progrès l'existence d'une Providence qui commande le sens de l'histoire.
		Ce constat amène par ailleurs Tocqueville à soutenir que l'opinion publique risque fort de passer d'une instance protectrice face à l'arbitraire de l'État à un instrument coercitif contraignant au conformisme du nombre en raison de la pression immense exercée par l'esprit de tous sur l'intelligence de chacun.
	www.cvm.qc.ca /encephi/contenu/philoso/tocqueville.htm (1497 words)

	SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY
		Tocqueville addresses a number of intriguing issues - some are still relevant today, while others no longer pertain to the state of the nation as it has developed since the writing of this text.
		Tocqueville is greatly enchanted by the degree to which the people act in governing society: in the United States 'society acts by and for itself.
		Tocqueville believes that the in the case of an enlightened population aware of their own interests the collective force of the citizens will always be better able to achieve social prosperity than the authority of the government (he believed this was the case in America).
	www.spc.uchicago.edu /ssr1/PRELIMS/Theory/thmisc1.html (9348 words)

	Amazon.com: Tocqueville: Democracy in America (Library of America): Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		De Tocqueville also saw the insidious damage that the institution of slavery was causing the country and predicted some 30 years before the Civil War that slavery would probable cause the states to fragment from the union.
		The contrast between Tocqueville's analysis of liberty, freedom, and equality in the U.S. in 1835/40 and in the U.S. in 2005 is striking.
		Tocqueville's essays on the dangers of a pure democracy and how Americans relate to their government is as relevant today as it was in the 1800s.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1931082545?v=glance (2108 words)

	Tocqueville Funds
		In an effort to introduce the financial planning community to our history, our expanding services to you and our growth plans for the future, we are creating a new section to our site designed to serve the needs of the advisor.
		The Tocqueville family of funds consists of six equity portfolios.
		Tocqueville Asset Management (and its predecessors), the advisor to the funds, has been managing private fortunes for more than 30 years and these funds since their inception.
	www.tocquevillefunds.com (179 words)

	The Tocqueville Initiative: Home
		As such, the Tocqueville Initiative at the University of Colorado at Boulder is premised on the belief that America is best understood in comparative perspective.
		As with de Tocqueville, international observers are often able to see America with a perspective and clarity that we are too close to see for ourselves.
		At its core, the Tocqueville Initiative is a cross-national and cross-disciplinary endeavor aimed at facilitating research among scholars from different intellectual and cultural backgrounds to generate new perspectives on social and political issues.
	www.tocquevillecenter.org (1188 words)

	Wolin, S.S.: Tocqueville between Two Worlds: The Making of a Political and Theoretical Life.
		He concludes that Tocqueville's insights and anxieties about the impotence of politics in a ''postaristocratic'' era speak directly to the challenges of our own ''postdemocratic'' age.
		A monumental new study of Tocqueville, this is also a rich and provocative work about the past, the present, and the future of democratic life in America and abroad.
		Tocqueville Between Two Worlds is as much an intellectual biography as it is a work of more abstract political thought.
	pup.princeton.edu /titles/7132.html (703 words)

	Michael Novak on Democracy & Religion on National Review Online
		Alexis de Tocqueville reflected more deeply on the inherent weaknesses of democracy, stripped of religion, than anybody at the ACLU today.
		Tocqueville began with a shocker: That the first political institution of American democracy is religion.
		Fifth, in a democracy such as the United States, Tocqueville observes, religion does not direct the writing of laws or the formation of public opinion in detail, it does direct mores and shape the life of the home.
	www.nationalreview.com /novak/novak100202.asp (1065 words)

	Duponceau, Peter (Pierre, 1760-1844)
		The bed where Tocqueville is lying is in a chamber whose walls are made of oak logs not even squared, placed one on top of the other.
		Tocqueville gets warm only by stifling himself under his blanket and the pile of coverings I load on him.
		Provided Tocqueville with extensive compositions regarding the penal code and system of punishment in Pennsylvania, the judicial organization of the state, and specific recommendations about the adoption o f the jury system in France.
	www.msu.edu /~wieczor8/inform.htm (4564 words)

	Search Results for Tocqueville - Encyclopædia Britannica
		Tocqueville and Beaumont spent nine months in the United States during 1831 and 1832, out of which came first their joint book, On the Penitentiary System in the United States and Its Application in...
		Tocqueville was a great-grandson of the statesman Chrétien de Malesherbes (1721–94), a liberal aristocratic victim of the French Revolution and a political model for the young Tocqueville.
		Tocqueville's reputation in the 19th century reached its high point during the decade following his death as the great European powers accommodated themselves to universal suffrage.
	www.britannica.com /search?query=Tocqueville&ct= (563 words)

	Malaspina Great Books - Alexis de Tocqueville (1805)
		The work won for Tocqueville admission to the Academie des sciences morales et politiques (1838) and French Academy (1841).
		As a deputy for Valognes from 1889 Tocqueville sat with the opposition and voted for liberty of instruction.
		Tocqueville's memoirs of the Republic of 1848 were published in 1893, his correspondence with Gorbineau in 1908.
	www.malaspina.org /home.asp?topic=./search/details&lastpage=./search/results&ID=234 (581 words)

	Alexis de Tocqueville -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		More results on "Alexis de Tocqueville" when you join.
		Mill's friend Alexis de Tocqueville, whose De la démocratie en Amérique (Democracy in America) appeared in 1835–40, was a French civil servant also concerned with maintaining the standards and creativeness of civilization in face of the rising tide of mass democracy.
		The brilliant French visitor Alexis de Tocqueville, in common with most contemporary observers, believed American society to be remarkably egalitarian.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9072717 (921 words)

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