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Topic: Toda language

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	Probert Encyclopaedia: Language (Tin-Tom) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Tinoc Kallahan is a language spoken in the Philippines.
		Tiruray is a language spoken in the Philippines.
		Tomo Kan is a Dogon language spoken in Mali and Burkina Faso.
	www.probertencyclopaedia.com /WTF.HTM (516 words)

	Toda language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Toda is a Dravidian language well known for its many fricatives and trills.
		It is spoken by the Toda people, a population of about one thousand who live in the Nilgiri Hills of southern India.
		For a Dravidian language, Toda's sixteen vowels is an unusually large number.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Toda_language (500 words)

	Alibris: Browse Books by ISBN
		0513281070: A grammar of the Hindustani or Urdu language
		0513296086: A grammar of the Tamil language, with an appendix
		0513298747: A grammar of the Urdu or Hindustani language
	www.alibris.com /books/isbns/6820 (1006 words)

	Encyclopedia: Bilabial approximant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In phonetics, a vowel is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by an open configuration of the vocal tract, in contrast to consonants, which are characterized by a constriction or closure at one or more points along the vocal tract.
		The Toda language has a voiceless retroflex lateral fricative that contrasts with both a voiceless alveolar lateral fricative and a retroflex lateral approximant.
		The Archi language of the Dagestani family has a voiceless velar lateral fricative that is clearly a fricated, although further forward than velars in many languages, and might better be called pre-velar.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Bilabial-approximant (2501 words)

	Tribes in Tamil Nadu
		Although in numbers the Todas are by far the least among the native dwellers of the Nilgiris, yet by reason of their antiquity, peculiar features, dwellings, modes of life and livelihood, the greatest interest attaches to them.
		The Toda temple in each Mund is similar to these huts, though they may be slightly bigger and have walls of stone slabs instead of wooden planks plastered with dung and clay as in the case of the dwellings.
		The Toda culture recognizes only the 'social' father accords the newborn with the sub-caste and caste affiliations of this father who is wedded to a woman on the new moon day of her seventh month of her pregnancy in a quaint ceremony called "Purshutt".
	www.indiantravelportal.com /tamil-nadu/tribes/todas.html (902 words)

	THE TRUTH ABOUT THE TODAS
		The Toda language belongs to the Dravidian family; it separated from Tamil-Malayalam circa 3rd century B.C. Todas' linguistic affiliations are with South India and even their much-remarked physical characteristics - tall, with fairish skins, aquiline noses and so on - are neither true of all Todas nor absent in the wider South Indian community.
		Toda dairies, buffaloes and dairymen are graded within a complex hierarchy according to relative sanctity, with different rules and rituals pertaining to each grade.
		The Todas used to observe two funeral ceremonies: the first during which the corpse was cremated and the second, up to a year or more later, when certain bodily remains of the deceased were burned.
	www.frontlineonnet.com /fl2105/stories/20040312000206600.htm (3207 words)

	Linguistic Register. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Toda also has a register for songs that is phonologically so different from spoken Toda as to be unrecognizable to someone who only knows spoken Toda (Emeneau, personal communication).
		This illustrates how even a numerically small and preliterate language like Toda may have three registers that are so different linguistically that they constitute separate and mutually-unintelligible codes, i.e., the existence of complex registers is not just a characteristic of post-industrial western languages.
		Such languages either function without such registers, which relegates them to a marginal status within a larger multilingual society (Stewart's `g' [group] function), or the members of such linguistic cultures acquire proficiency in these registers in other languages.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /~haroldfs/popcult/handouts/register/regrep/node13.html (498 words)

	drav-african2
		Languages indigenous to the African continent that belong to the Hamito-Semitic, Niger-Congo, (or Niger-Kordopfanian) Chari-nil (or Nilo-Saharan) and Khoisan language families.
		Wolof: Wolof language is notable language, among the languages that are existing in Senagal Democratic Nation.
		In certain languages plurality is revealed by the use of different verbs and in some languages, by the doubling of the singular verbs, which is in tune with Tamil.
	arutkural.tripod.com /tolcampus/drav-african2.html (7310 words)

	File: <dravid
		It is likely that their Saharan language was the only highly developed language in the entire world at that time, the product of a marvelous oral educational tradition.
		As Lahovary noted: "One of the most common linguistic phenomena is the ease with which a new language can impose itself on vast masses, even if spoken only by a relatively small minority, should this minority have political power or the prestige of a superior civilization" (p371).
		Saharan language in distant parts of the world shows that their language took hold wherever they settled.
	faculty.ucr.edu /~legneref/bronze/dravid.htm (1714 words)

	Community Forum
		Language of Government Act of 1995 (H.R. 345) - makes English the official language and amends the Immigration and Nationality Act to provide that public ceremonies for the admission of new citizens shall be conducted solely in English.
		National Language Act of 1995 (H.R. 1005) - makes English the official language of the U.S. government and in so doing, the Bilingual Education Act would be repealed (ending bilingual education programs and funds) and the bilingual voting requirements (found in the Voting Rights Act of 1965 as amended) would also be terminated.
		Language of Government Act of 1995 (S. 356) - similar to S. 175 (both introduced by Senator Shelby) except that the provision directing the use of monetary savings for teaching English to non-English speaking immigrants is eliminated.
	www.ma.iup.edu /Pueblo/community_forum/OldCommunity_forum.html (532 words)

	THE TRUTH ABOUT THE TODAS
		PAULINE H. A 1974 photograph of a Toda hamlet in the Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu.
		However, even 130 years ago, the Todas resolutely denied early claims - blindly repeated by the Web-author - that this was accomplished by having the infant trampled to death by buffaloes.
		Moreover, the Todas are generally quite specific in ascribing female gender to the moon.
	flonnet.com /fl2105/stories/20040312000206600.htm (3207 words)

	Foreign Language Key to Freedom by Mike Rogers
		Toda is desperate for a translator because his regular guy has fallen suddenly ill. So he has called me to see if he can find a quick replacement.
		And when it comes to a language that has to be translated into English – a native English speaker can't be beat.
		And learning to speak a language well is definitely no more difficult than learning to play the guitar, riding a skateboard, or becoming "killer" at Play-Station.
	www.lewrockwell.com /rogers/rogers59.html (2184 words)

	Lord of the Rings Movies Information \| TheOneRing.net™ \| News Archives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Toda found similarities in translating both Harry Potter and Lord of the Rings for the big screen, though not for the reasons one might expect.
		Although Peter Jackson went to great pains to preserve Tolkien's original language, Toda felt that the archaic Japanese used in the original translation would be difficult for today's young people to understand, and that a lighter style would be more appropriate.
		Toda worried that while die-hard fans of the book would feel more comfortable with haseyo, the general public would not understand its meaning, let alone be able to read the characters.
	www.theonering.net /perl/newsview/8/1015204853 (625 words)

	Footnotes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The central position of Toda songs in Toda culture has been documented thoroughly by Emeneau (1964, 1974); the body of songs is their only form of literature, and can be seen to be in a kind of diglossic relationship to spoken Toda.
		Some scholars would claim that all languages are diglossic to some extent, so that diglossia would in effect never be eliminated; perhaps at best we can speak of the perception (or to use Fishman's term, the consensus) that diglossia does not exist.
		Another way to define this might be to use the term language reach, a term Pool (1991) uses in discussing the question of the proportion of a population sharing languages.
	www.hist.upenn.edu /~haroldfs/messeas/diglossia/footnode.html (716 words)

	Retroflex consonant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The tongue is placed behind the alveolar ridge, and may even be curled back to touch the palate: that is, they are articulated in the postalveolar to palatal region of the mouth.
		Retroflex consonants are common in the Indo-Aryan languages and the Dravidian languages; and can also be found in languages such as Mandarin Chinese, Javanese, Vietnamese, Swedish, Norwegian and some languages of Southern Italy and Sardinia.
		For example, the Iwaidja language of northwestern Australia has a retroflex lateral flap [ɺ̢] as well as a retroflex tap [ɽ] and retroflex lateral approximant [ɭ]; and the Dravidian language Toda has a sub-apical retroflex lateral fricative [ɬ̢] and a retroflexed trill [ɽ͡r].
	67.15.54.21 /wiki/Retroflex (579 words)

	Linguistic Register. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The register of law, for example, is different from the register of medicine, which in turn is different from the language of engineering---and so on.
		A register is a property or characteristic of a language, and not of an individual or a class of speakers.
		like Toda may have three registers that are so different linguistically that they constitute separate and mutually-unintelligible codes, i.e., the existence of complex registers is not just a characteristic of post-industrial western languages.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /~haroldfs/messeas/regrep/node2.html (797 words)

	An Indologist par excellence
		He was the Founder-Chair of the Department of Linguistics at the University of California in 1940 and served as Professor of Sanskrit and Linguistics from 1943 to 1971.
		This had been a major life-long work of both the authors, representing cognates collected from 26 Dravidian languages, of which their own research and fieldwork was the primary source of at least 10 non-literary languages.
		Students of Indian languages and linguistics are eternally indebted to them for this lasting contribution.
	www.flonnet.com /fl2301/stories/20060127001008000.htm (925 words)

	Indian Languages - Dictionaries - Grammar Books
		Vocabulary of the Dialects Spoken in the - Nicobar and Andaman Isle, Roepstorff, A., 114pp., hc.
		Of the Afghan Grammar of the Pukhto - Pushto or Language, Ravert, H.G., 256PP.
		Brief Outline of the Grammar of the Toda Language, Pope, G.U., 36pp.
	www.travel-net.com /~educa/z24indc.htm (1312 words)

	Adherents.com: By Location
		Speakers of Dravidian languages are found mainly in South India and include primitive hunters and food gatherers such as Chenchus and Kadars...
		Speakers of Dravidian languages are found mainly in South India and include primitive hunters and food gatherers such as Chenchus and Kadars, as well as relatively advanced farming peoples such as Gonds and Oraons.
		"Todas: Location: India (primarily Tamil Nadu state); Population: 1,042 (1988); Language: Toda; Religion: Centered on the sanctity of the buffalo "; "Christian missionary efforts among the Todas at the turn of the century have resulted in the emergence of a very small community of Toda Christians.
	www.adherents.com /adhloc/Wh_140.html (3638 words)

	Read about Retroflex consonant at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Retroflex consonant and learn about Retroflex ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Retroflex consonants are common in the Indo-Aryan languages and the Dravidian languages; and can also be found in languages such as Mandarin Chinese,
		Norwegian and some languages of Southern Italy and Sardinia.
		Because of the regularity of deriving retroflex symbols from their alveolar counterparts, people will occasionally use a font editor to create the appropriate symbols for these sounds.
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Retroflex_consonant (305 words)

	Seediq (Arthur)
		Seediq is an Atayalic language spoken in the mountains of northern Taiwan.
		It is spoken in two maximally differentiated principal dialects, the Paran dialect centred around Wushe in Nantou County (although most speakers can be found today in the villages of Chingliu and Chungyuan to the north-west of Puli), and the Taroko dialect primarily spoken in the hinterland of Hualien on the Pacific coast.
		It is quite conceivable that the Toda and Truku dialects as they appear today represent a more original stage of Seediq, while the Paran and Taroko dialects have evolved in diverging directions (in particular as far as case-marking is concerned).
	www.ling.lu.se /persons/Arthur/seediq.html (824 words)

	227_8_essay
		Their teacher would not be allowed to speak to them in their own language because of the threat of a lawsuit.
		We should not only want to learn our own language but know the language that is spoken more commonly in the environment around you.
		Many people might think learning one language is difficult enough, why do we have to learn another language.
	www.sfusd.k12.ca.us /schwww/sch618/prop_227/227_8_essay.html (2282 words)

	C I I L (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		He is also been among a rare tribe linguists who work on both indo-Aryan as well as on Dravidian languages.
		His other major publications are Dravidian Linguistics, Ethnology and Folktales (1967), Collected papers (1958), Kota Texts (1944-1946), Kolami: A Dravidian Language (1955), Toda Songs (1971), Toda Grammar and Texts (1984), Dravidian Borrowings from Indo-Aryan (1962) and Language and Linguistic Area (1980).
		However, the most monumental of them was ‘A Dravidian Etymological Dictionary (known as DED), published in 1961, jointly with his colleague and fellow scholar, Thomas Burrow (1909-1986).
	www.ciil.org /announcement/MBE_programme/forword.htm (321 words)

	The Hindu : Tamil Nadu / Coimbatore News : Readers' Mail
		Toda hamlets known as `munds' in Toda language are located in bright and picturesque grasslands usually on the upper plateau of the hills and not necessarily in the "inner recesses" as reported.
		Wenlock Downs, which is used as the golf links, is the abode of the Todas.
		It is only hoped that the gentle Toda boys do not end up as caddies to the rich golfers.
	www.hindu.com /2004/10/20/stories/2004102003290300.htm (505 words)

	Tamil language resources
		As the language of scholarship and administration Tamil greatly influenced the early...
		This is a project of the Penn Language Center and is funded partially by a grant from the Consortium for Language Teaching and Learning, with the joint participation of Tamil-teaching faculty...
		It is the language spoken by tamilians, the inhabitants of Tamil Nadu.
	www.mongabay.com /indigenous_ethnicities/languages/languages/Tamil.html (1348 words)

	The Blue Mountains of Goa: Footnotes
		The cunning in language derive the term from mulligatawny soup, the quantity of which imbibed in South India strikes the stranger with a painful sense of novelty.
		It is supposed that the Toda language is still divided, like the Tamul, into two distinct dialects, one the popular, the other the sacred; the former admitting foreign words, derived from the Canarese, the latter a pure form generally used by the priesthood.
		The Toda has made himself necessary to the Berger; he must sow the first handful of grain, and reap the first fruits of the harvest, otherwise the land would be allowed to lie fallow, and the crop to rot upon the ground.
	www.wollamshram.ca /1001/Goa/Goa_Footers.htm (6726 words)

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