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Topic: Togo presidential election, 2005

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	Togolese presidential election, 2005 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A presidential election was held in Togo on April 24, 2005, following the death in office of long-time president Gnassingbé Eyadéma.
		The election and the period preceding it were marked by violence, and many people were reported killed in various incidents.
		The parliament subsequently changed the constitution so that elections would not need to be held within 60 days, thus allowing the son to serve out the remainder of his father's term, which would have expired in 2008.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Togo_presidential_election,_2005 (1035 words)

	Togo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Togo, officially the Togolese Republic, is a country in West Africa bordering Ghana in the west, Benin in the east and Burkina Faso in the north.
		It borders the Bight of Benin in the south; Ghana lies to the west; Benin to the east; and to the north Togo is bound by Burkina Faso.
		Togo's 2006 World Cup appearance was marred by a dispute over financial bonuses, a situation that almost led to the team boycotting their match against Switzerland.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Togo (2157 words)

	Togo. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Togo is comprised of about 37 ethnolinguistic groups, including the Ewe and the Mina in the south and various Voltaic-speaking peoples in the north.
		Togo’s limited road and rail transportation facilities are concentrated in the central and southern parts of the country; Lomé; is the main port.
		Also in 2002 the constitution was amended to permit the president to seek a third term, and in the presidential election in 2003 Eyadèma was returned to office.
	www.bartleby.com /65/to/Togo.html (1179 words)

	Togo: A high risk transition - Amnesty International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		One month after the announcement of President Gnassingbé Eyadéma’s death, on 5 February 2005, serious violations of fundamental rights continue to be perpetrated, despite intense efforts to find a peaceful solution to the political crisis caused by the succession to the presidency of the Republic of Togo.
		In his first speech to the nation, on 9 February 2005, Faure Gnassingbé expressed his wish for "the organisation, as soon as possible, of free and transparent elections that reflect the will of the people…", without mentioning whether he was referring to the legislative elections due this year or the presidential election.
		On 21 February 2005, this unanimous disapproval led the Togolese National Assembly to amend the Constitution and reinstate the previous provision providing for the organisation of a presidential election within 60 days.
	web.amnesty.org /library/index/engafr570082005 (3366 words)

	Elections in Togo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Elections in Togo gives information on election and election results in Togo.
		Togo elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature.
		Togo is a one party dominant state with the Rally of the Togolese People in power.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Elections_in_Togo (269 words)

	Togo Demographics and Geography - Columbia Gazetteer of the World Online
		Togo (TO-go), republic (21,622 sq mi/56,000 sq km; 1991 population 2,719,567; 2004 estimated population 5,556,812), W Africa, bordering on the Gulf of Guinea (S), Ghana (W), Burkina Faso (N), and Benin (E); (cap.) Lomé;.
		Togo is made up of five parallel geographic regions running E-W. In the extreme S is a narrow sandy coastal strip (c.30 mi/50 km long), which is fringed by lagoons and creeks.
		Togo’s limited road and railroad transportation facilities are concentrated in the central and S parts of the country; Lomé; is the main port and the largest city.
	www.columbiagazetteer.org /public/Togo.html (860 words)

	News -- Viewpoint: Togo's demo-crazy
		The Speaker of Togo's Parliament, who was to take over after Eyadema's death as provided in Togo's constitution was prevented from re-entering his fatherland as the country's top military hierarchy pronounced Faure, the new president, and also forced the Parliament to change the constitution to suit their machination.
		Nigeria's 2003 presidential election was largely seen as rigged with the election in the president's state, Ogun, declared null and void by a court of law.
		The parliamentary election that followed Eyadema's election in 2003 was also rigged in favour of his anointed candidates, thereby allowing him absolute control over the parliament.
	odili.net /news/source/2005/feb/18/301.html (1045 words)

	Togo
		Togo is a republic governed by newly elected President Faure Gnassingbe, son of former Gnassingbe Eyadema, who died on February 5, after 38 years in power.
		Although the law requires holding elections within 60 days of a vacancy in the presidency, the international community and local opposition contended that the election timeframe, culminating with elections on April 24, was not sufficient to ensure a free and fair election.
		press conference, the interior minister, who is responsible for conducting elections, appealed for the postponement of the elections, saying that conditions for a credible election had not been met and that the potential for a civil war was enormous.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61597.htm (10528 words)

	"); NewWindow.document.write("IRINnews"); NewWindow.document.write(" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		However, the six opposition parties did not suggest a new date for the presidential election, which was triggered by the death in office of president Gnassingbe Eyadema on 5 February.
		Olympio, the son of Togo's assassinated first president, Sylvanus Olympio, was banned from standing personally in the 2003 election under an article of the constitution which stipulates that all presidential candidates must be resident in Togo for at least 12 months prior to the election.
		Diplomats say the this year's presidential election is likely to be a straight fight between Gnassingbe, the heir apparent of Eyadema, and Bob Akitani, the number two figure in Olympio's Union of Forces for Change (UFC) party.
	www.irinnews.org /report.asp?ReportID=46339 (1019 words)

	Index of Economic Freedom 2006 - Togo
		Gnassingbé won the April 2005 election, which was marred by massive voter registration fraud, intimidation, stuffing of ballot boxes, and other irregularities.
		Togo's fiscal burden of government score is 0.2 point better this year, but its trade policy score is 0.5 point worse.
		Togo is a member of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), which imposes a common external tariff with four rates: 0 percent, 5 percent, 10 percent, and 20 percent.
	www.heritage.org /research/features/index/country.cfm?id=Togo (1098 words)

	USATODAY.com - Togo clashes leave at least six dead (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		LOME, Togo (AP) — Togolese lobbed stones and Molotov cocktails for a second day Wednesday after the son of their late dictator was declared the winner of disputed presidential elections.
		Amid international pressure, the 39-year-old son agreed to an election, but the balloting was marred by violence and allegations of vote-tampering.
		Togo, a nation of 5 million, is economically weak but its turmoil was likely to echo across the region.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/2005-04-27-togo-clashes_x.htm?csp=34 (844 words)

	USATODAY.com - German cultural center in Togo torched (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		LOME, Togo (AP) — Black-clad, masked assailants torched a German cultural center Friday in Togo's latest post-election violence, but the declared winner of the contested presidential vote vowed he would not allow the country to slip into civil war.
		Togo tipped into crisis when Eyadema died of a heart attack on Feb. 5, ending a 38-year reign.
		Togo, a former German colony, was partitioned by France and Britain after World War I. Kempf said talk has swirled of an attack on a German institution ever since Togo's former Interior Minister Francois Boko fled inside the German Embassy on April 22.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/2005-04-29-togo_x.htm?csp=34 (798 words)

	RTE News - Crowds protest Togo election result
		Crowds have gathered in the streets of Togo's capital, Lome, setting up burning barricades, throwing rocks and attacking cars after their candidate lost in the presidential election.
		The ruling party candidate, Faure Gnassingbe, won the election with 60.22% of the vote, according to provisional results from the electoral commission.
		All sides have accused their rivals of fraud and intimidation during an election which has been marred by street fighting between rival activists and security forces in the capital.
	www.rte.ie /news/2005/0426/togo.html (120 words)

	Key Embassy Links - U.S. Embassy Lome, Togo
		Togo is a republic governed by newly elected President Faure Gnassingbe, son of the late Gnassingbe Eyadema, who was in power for 38 years and unexpectedly died in February 2005.
		During the election period and in late 2005, harassment of journalists intensified.
		Each broadcast addressed a different aspect of elections, from explaining the election process and electoral laws to describing the role of media, civil society, Government entities, and youth in an election.
	togo.usembassy.gov /tgshrd.html (1022 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Africa \| Country profiles \| Country profile: Togo
		Togo formed part of the Slave Coast, from where captives were shipped abroad by European slavers during the 17th century.
		In August 2006 Togo's political parties agreed to form a transitional government of national unity, intended to draw a line under years of violence and instability and to herald parliamentary elections in 2007.
		Togo's only significant television station is the government-owned Television Togolaise, the only daily is the government-owned Togo-Presse and some of the country's private radio stations are government-owned or associated with the ruling party, Rassemblement du Peuple Togolais (RPT).
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1064470.stm (753 words)

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		LOME, 15 Mar 2005 (IRIN) - Togo's opposition parties have picked septuagenarian politician Emmanuel Bob-Akitani as their joint candidate for next month's presidential election, hoping he will be able to beat the son of the late head of state, Gnassingbe Eyadema.
		But a constitutional clause, which stipulates that all presidential candidates must have lived in Togo for the 12 months prior to the vote, was likely to prevent him from doing so.
		Analysts say that Bob-Akitani's selling points are that he has stayed in Togo through politically-repressed times and that his UFC party is traditionally the biggest vote-winner within the opposition coalition and this year, he is the sole choice from the start.
	www.irinnews.org /report.asp?ReportID=46114 (795 words)

	TOGO: Interior Minister calls for suspension of presidential election to avoid bloody conflict
		LOME, 22 Apr 2005 (IRIN) - The holding of presidential elections in Togo on Sunday is in doubt following a surprise call by the interior minister for the controversial poll to be suspended to prevent the West African country from degenerating into bloody conflict.
		Sunday’s election was due to pit Faure Gnassingbe, the son of Togo’s late president Gnassingbe Eyadema, against Emmanuel Bob-Akitani, who standing on behalf of an alliance of six opposition parties which are determined to end 38 years of strong-arm rule by the Eyadema family.
		Olympio, the son of Togo’s first president, Sylvanus Olympio, said he had received unconfirmed reports suggesting that the police and army, who cast their ballots early on Thursday, had voted in a majority for Bob-Akitani and that this may have rattled the interior minister.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1388813/posts (735 words)

	CNN.com - Opposition clashes after Togo poll - Apr 26, 2005
		LAGOS, Nigeria (CNN) -- The son of Togo's long-time military ruler won the country's first presidential election in nearly four decades with more than 60 percent of the vote, election officials announced Tuesday.
		Gnassingbe was appointed to the presidency after his father's death with the support of the army and the National Assembly, which changed Togo's constitution to allow him to succeed his father.
		Togo's main opposition party has called on supporters to reject the results of the poll.
	www.cnn.com /2005/WORLD/africa/04/26/togo.elex (577 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Africa \| Togo's poll loser 'is president'
		Togo's opposition presidential candidate has declared himself president with 70% of the vote, despite official results giving him only 38%.
		During the campaign, Mr Faure, 39 was portrayed as the candidate for a new Togo even though his father had run the country for 38 years - in contrast to Mr Akitani, 75.
		Togo votes for first time in 40 years, despite rigging fears and violent protests.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/africa/4488849.stm (675 words)

	Election In Togo
		The national election commission has declared Faure Gnassingbe the provisional winner of Togo's presidential election.
		The election in Togo was held to select a successor to Gnassingbe Eyadema, the father of Faure Gnassingbe.
		Despite the facade of multiparty elections instituted in the early 1990s, the government continued to be dominated by President Eyadema's Rally of the Togolese People party.
	www.voanews.com /uspolicy/2005-05-02-voa4.cfm (362 words)

	Columbia Encyclopedia- Togo - AOL Research & Learn
		Abass Bonfoh was appointed interim president until the April presidential election, in which Gnassingbé was declared the winner.
		The election was denounced by the opposition as rigged, but other West African nations called on the two sides to compromise and form a national unity government.
		The new government that was formed in June included some moderate opposition members but failed to be the broader unity government West African nations had encouraged, and the most powerful posts went to Gnassingbé's allies.
	reference.aol.com /columbia/_a/togo/20051207152609990012 (1272 words)

	University of Minnesota Human Rights Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Concerned that events in Togo prior, during and after the presidential election were characterized by violence which resulted in the outflow Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) and of refugees into neighbouring countries, instability and violation of fundamental and basic rights of individuals and citizens in Togo;
		Concerned that the presidential election was characterized by irregularities which call to question the integrity of the electoral process and its results, both of which have created conditions for violation of human rights in the wake of the violence and its suppression by government security forces ;
		DECIDES to send a fact-finding mission to Togo to investigate the violations of human rights which occurred prior, during and after the presidential elections.
	www1.umn.edu /humanrts/africa/res-togo37-2005.html (339 words)

	Togo's Presidential Election
		The United States notes with deep concern allegations by the Togolese Interior Minister that call into question the credibility of this Sunday's presidential election.
		We join the Chairman of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) in demanding that the Togolese authorities conduct the elections in a free and fair manner.
		All political parties in Togo must be prepared to work together, both now and in the future, to promote the interests of their nation.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/prs/ps/2005/45059.htm (225 words)

	NDI - National Democratic Institute for International Affairs
		The election fell short of both the Togolese people’s aspirations and the hopes of Togo’s friends in the international community.
		After the workshop, NDI dispatched two civil society experts to Togo to monitor and advise the loose coalition of civic groups (known as the Collectif) formed by participants to the Cotonou training in implementing the action plan and activity outline for promoting a transparent election, they had developed in Cotonou.
		In November 2005 and March 2006, NDI sponsored study missions to Burkina Faso and Benin, respectively, for pro-democracy activists from the Collectif.
	www.ndi.org /worldwide/cewa/togo/togo_pf.asp (1302 words)

	New Togo Protests Raise Doubts Ahead of Election (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Thousands of residents of Togo's capital, Lome, had heeded the call of opposition leaders to walk peacefully to city hall early Thursday to demand their voter cards and a delay to the presidential poll, scheduled for April 24.
		Thursday was the official opening day of campaigning for the first presidential election in four decades that will not feature Mr.
		Togo's minister of communications, Pitang Tchalla, says the opposition's allegations of voter fraud are nonsense.
	quickstart.clari.net /voa/art/al/2005-04-08-voa39.html (513 words)

	RTE News - 20 dead in Togo election violence
		Security forces have clashed with opposition supporters in street battles in the country's capital, Lome, since it was announced yesterday that Faure Gnassingbe, the son of the late ruler Gnassingbe Eyadema, had won presidential elections.
		In the opposition stronghold district, Be, soldiers patrolled on foot, firing tear gas canisters at shouting youths who threw back stones at them from behind barricades of bricks and blazing tyres.
		The main opposition candidate, Emmanuel Akitani-Bob, who won 38.19% of the vote to Gnassingbe's 60.22%, declared himself the winner of the election today, calling on his supporters to stand firm and for the former ruler's son to listen to reason.
	www.rte.ie /news/2005/0427/togo.html (221 words)

	Togo Presidential Adviser Holds Influence
		Presidential legal adviser Charles Debbasch is believed to have tweaked the West African nation's constitution so that Gnassingbe Eyadema could run for another term a few years ago, and to have written more constitutional changes to allow the father-to-son succession after Eyadema died of a heart attack Feb. 5.
		Presidential legal adviser Charles Debbasch is believed to have tweaked the West African nation's constitution so that Gnassingbe Eyadema could run for another term a few years ago.
		Togo opposition leader Harry Olympio said the sense that Debbasch had "total control of the government" earned him the enmity of some in Togo.
	www.comcast.net /data/news/2005/02/24/66198.xml (827 words)

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