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	Interview with Curator Matthew Welch - The Art of Asia - Japanese Audience Hall (Shoin)
		Eventually, this platform became the tokonoma, a special alcove, where hanging scrolls and other objects were placed.
		Adjacent to the tokonoma, they also began to build in a special shelving unit called a chigaidana—literally "staggered shelves"—for the display of smaller objects.(4, 5) This built-in shelving unit replaced the freestanding bookcases and cabinets that were popular in China.
		In addition to the built-in desk, it encompassed the wall-to-wall tatami mats, the squared pillars, the tokonoma, the chigaidana, and the sliding doors, as a standard formula for formal rooms.
	www.artsmia.org /art-of-asia/architecture/japanese-audience-hall-interview.cfm (1381 words)

	History and Spirit of Ikebana
		In time the tokonoma took on a decorative function, the Buddhist scrolls were replaced by scroll paintings, calligraphy, and by antiques, and with this change the flowers placed in the tokonoma lost their religious meaning, leading to he development of flower arranging as an art.
		In this way, the room with the tokonoma, or the tokonoma itself, came to be considered the center of the house, and was respected as a symbol.
		The cultural preferences of each age were manifested on the stage of the tokonoma, and the tradition of ikebana formed through the years has continued through the present.
	www.holymtn.com /garden/Ikebana1.htm (848 words)

	Mastering Basic Styles of Ikebana
		The side of an arrangement to be seen and appreciated is the side which appears most beautiful, or, in other words, the side arranged keeping in mind the direction from which the composition will be seen.
		Virtually all flower arrangements were placed in the tokonoma, never in the center of the room or in another corner of the house.
		Flowers in the tokonoma or on a shelf, due to the conditions imposed by the form and location of these places of display, appear most beautiful when seen from one direction -- the front.
	www.holymtn.com /garden/Ikebana2.htm (828 words)

	bonsaiTALK Radio » Blog Archive » BT#07- Hideko Metaxas - Tokonoma Bonsai Display
		Hideko has an interest in traditional Japanese arts, including, suiseki, sumi-e painting and, of course, bonsai.
		We’re broadcasting from the Shohin Bonsai Seminar in Santa Nella, California where we discussed with Hideko the topic of tokonoma bonsai display.
		This entry was posted on Sunday, February 26th, 2006 at 4:22 pm and is filed under podcasts, Interviews.
	radio.bonsaitalk.com /archives/12 (148 words)

	Japanese tea ceremony (tokonoma room design)
		Tokonoma is a traditional Japanese alcove reserved for the display of Japanese wall-scrolls and art objects.
		Tokonoma is very important in the formal Japanese tea ceremony.
		Tokonoma is one of the essential component of Japanese tea house design.
	www.japanesearchitect.com /tokonomaset/index.html (72 words)

	Tokonoma - Art of Japanese Bonsai
		Tokonoma in Japanese simple means a kind of decorative raised alcove and is often associated with the Japanese Bonsai, which is housed in a recess in a wall or hedge, and often curved.
		This popular Japanese home interior decoration alcove or Tokonoma is considered one of the four essential elements in the main hall of a noble residence.
		Based on the Tokonoma specifications and guidelines, usually there will be a place to hang a picture or calligraphic poem.
	www.mybonsaitree.com /tokonoma-japanese-bonsai.php (397 words)

	Tokonoma - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A tokonoma (Japanese: 床の間) is a small raised alcove in a washitsu, a Japanese style room with a tatami floor, where decorative scrolls are hung.
		Tokonoma first appeared in the late Muromachi period (14th-16th century).
		This is because of modesty; the host should not be seen to show off the contents of the tokonoma to the guest, and thus it is necessary not to point the guest towards the tokonoma.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tokonoma (169 words)

	Tokonoma (Decorative Alcove) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The tokonoma (or decorative alcove) is considered one of four elements found in the main hall of a samurai residence whose function is that of display.
		The term tokonoma has a dual meaning, since it refers both to the alcove itself, as well as a room containing a decoirative alcove.
		Since the function of the space is display, the earlier renditions of the tokonoma show hanging scrolls in the background, as well as a low freestanding table displaying various objects upon it.
	www.columbia.edu /itc/ealac/V3613/shoin/decalcov.htm (261 words)

	E-Budo.com - Tokonma
		As far as the tokonoma in a dojo, it is very difficult to say conclusively without knowing more about the layout of the dojo (and any physical restrictions) and the type of tokonoma desired (purely decorational or one associated with "religious" rites).
		Tokonoma range from the very simple to the extremely complex-- the post is prime wood selected for its rarity or beauty.
		Actually, I believe that "Tokonoma" originally meant "Bed-place." According to accounts in the Kojiki, it was the area that was originally used as a sleeping quarters in ancient Japan when houses were not nearly as warm and spacious as they are today.
	www.e-budo.com /forum/printthread.php?t=4918 (1137 words)

	about
		It was one of the first bonsai nurseries of its kind in Europe and pioneered the way for many bonsai enthusiasts to gain better insight and knowledge of this once mysterious art form.
		All staff at Tokonoma has extensive knowledge in their own field and have been with the company for many years.
		Even after 35 years Tokonoma Bonsai still strives to promote bonsai trees to the best of their ability, and to ensure that the art of bonsai is kept paramount in peoples minds as a relaxing and stimulating part of horticulture.
	www.tokonomabonsai.co.uk /about.html (279 words)

	Japanese Model of Martial Arts Training - Page 2 - KenpoTalk Forums
		"Tokonoma" originally meant "Bed-place." According to accounts in the Kojiki, it was the area that was originally used as a sleeping quarters in ancient Japan when houses were not nearly as warm and spacious as they are today.
		The Tokonoma was a protected Bedchamber where the commoner would sleep on the tatami (tatami were at a premium back then).
		The tokonoma was usually accompanied by a smaller alcove known as a chigaidana or little shelf area.
	kenpotalk.com /forum/showthread.php?p=18584 (2792 words)

	Elements of Traditional Japanese Interiors
		It was not until the shoin-zukuri that the tokonoma became the permanent formal area of art display.
		The main guest of honor is to be seated next to the tokonoma, however, because of the seating arrangements the guest of honor's back is to the tokonoma.
		Actually, the host has the best view of the tokonoma while talking to the guest, which is probably fitting since the host has spent the time carefully choosing the right scroll for the occasion.
	www.yoshinoantiques.com /Interior-article.html (2992 words)

	JapanCorner - The Benihana Guide to Japan
		Tokonoma (an alcove used for decoration), fusuma (sliding doors) and shoji (paper screens) are traditional architectural elements found in every home.
		In contemporary homes, there is usually a kitchen/dining room, sometimes a separate living room and almost always a traditional Japanese-style room (washitsu) which has a tatami mat floor and a tokonoma.
		The tokonoma is a recessed alcove in the main room of Japanese homes, tea houses and traditional inns where seasonal works of art are displayed such as ikebana (flower arrangement) and hanging scrolls.
	www.japancorner.com /japanese_home.asp (1366 words)

	A Tea Ceremony Experience: Indoor Setting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The tokonoma is the place where objects of art are displayed and is considered the highest ranking part of a Japanese traditional room.
		The tokonoma is usually a raised alcove of variable size.
		The post by the tokonoma, called toko-bashira, is made of a variety of interesting woods.
	www.art.uiuc.edu /galleries/japanhouse/oldsite/tea/2/5/is/2_25.html (119 words)

	The Art Of Bonsai Project - Article: The Tokonoma Window
		"The tokonoma is not regarded as part of the interior space; rather, like a sacred mihrab, as a place where communion occurs between the people on the inside and the grand forces of nature on the outside.
		In a Tokonoma there is a tree, a little plant and a picture in the background.
		The aim of a tokonoma display is not merely to capture and contain the attention.
	www.artofbonsai.org /forum/viewtopic.php?p=1063 (2481 words)

	Two Rivers Aikikai: Glossary: Etiquette
		Tokonoma: The alcove where O Sensei's picture is hanging at the front of the dojo.
		If there is also a shrine for the Kami in the alcove, it is called a Kamiza.
		If it should come open during class, turn away from the Tokonoma, close your dogi and retie your belt tightly.
	www.2rivers.org /t3etiq.htm (346 words)

	Japanese Spaces Room Components Descriptions and Uses - Components for Japanese room interior design and materials: ...
		Many tatami mats available today are copies that are not as tough or wearable as an authenitic Japanese mat, which should last 20 to 25 years.
		The tokonoma is reserved for treasured items, like a piece of fine ceramics or ironwork.
		Tokonoma shelves: These are often placed on the bottom and inside of the alcove or corner.
	www.japanesespaces.com /components.html (719 words)

	Building a Tokonoma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The "tokonoma" is an alcove in the main room of a traditional Japanese home.
		For a true traditionalist the ikibana would be made up of seasonal flowers, and the scroll would also have calligraphy appropriate to the season.
		The little tokonoma I have created here is far from traditional; the main aim for it was to provide navigational links and to frame for larger monitors a gallery image sized to the old 480 by 640 pixel window many of us still browse with.
	home.earthlink.net /~nomuse/brycepages/tokonomadata.html (393 words)

	Tokonoma - the special place for Bonsai trees in your house (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A Tokonoma is a little cupboard of 15-24inches/40-60cm.
		On the sides, right and left, the Tokonoma has a wooden profile or a bamboo frame.
		The Bonsai trees placement is a flat cupboard with a big surface on which you should not put anything aside the Bonsai tree.
	www.bonsai-tree-care.com /taking-care/tokonoma.shtml (117 words)

	NAU Ceramics
		The Ro pit in the middle of the floor is used to heat water for tea.
		The alcove in the tearoom is called the Tokonoma, which literally means “bed space”.
		It is a place of honor, usually with a picture or a scroll with haiku or a flowerpot displaying seasonal flowers.
	www4.nau.edu /ceramics/kilns/teahouse2.htm (305 words)

	Displaying Suiseki \| The Art of Stone Appreciation - Stones Shaped by Nature, Suiseki.com
		Soft delicate smooth suiseki are best suited to more shallow and oval trays with a narrow lip or no lip and plain legs.
		Suiseki are often displayed in a tokonoma, a traditional Japanese method of display.
		The tokonoma usually contains one suiseki plus 1-2 other objects, chosen and combined with great care.
	www.suiseki.com /displays (384 words)

	For Andy Rutledge Only - bonsaiTALK Community
		These things were a little to heavy for her to handle and it was exciting for me to assist her and pick her brain for the reasons she changed things.
		She was all too happy to answer my many questions and I wish I could spend some months with her as she is very knowledgeable in the world of bonsai display within the Tokonoma.
		Not the least of which is that the tokonoma space is basically half size.
	www.bonsaitalk.com /forum/showthread.php?t=4931 (899 words)

	Shoin Room (shoin_room) \| Object Page \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The refined proportions of this room, with its large alcove (tokonoma), flooring of grass mats (tatami), and decorated sliding doors (fusuma) for walls, marked the culmination of two centuries of developments in interior architecture.
		With the increased appreciation and collection of Chinese paintings and utensils during the Muromachi period (1392–1573), the alcove was enlarged and devoted to the display of works of art and the tokonoma was developed to constitute an essential feature of Japanese formal rooms.
		This room's large size, with its capacious tokonoma filling one wall and its gold-leafed doors defining others, is characteristic of the grand rooms of the Momoyama era in temples and aristocratic mansions, as well as in the ostentatious castles of the newly risen warlords.
	www.metmuseum.org /TOAH/hd/momo/hod_shoin_room.htm (200 words)

	Beyond Wonderment and Curiosity
		The highest calling of a Japanese bonsai is not to sit on a bench among its fellows, but to be displayed by itself in an alcove (called tokonoma denoting both singular and plural) in its owner's house.
		Scrolls used in tokonoma displays are no different from those exhibited in art galleries and museums and studied in art courses.
		American dwellings don't have tokonoma, and are unlikely to acquire them.
	www.gwu.edu /~jeffstep/bonsai/nbf/bwc/bwc_bwc2.html (1484 words)

	SAMA - Permanant Collection - Rob Fisher
		Tokonoma II refers to a sacred space in traditional Japanese architecture.
		The "tokonoma," or picture recess, is the central focus of a room and a separate architectural feature.
		The space is not entered; its contents and meaning are contemplated from without.
	www.sama-art.org /info/perm_coll/sculpture/fisher.htm (172 words)

	Video: Scroll & Screens - The Art of Asia - Architecture
		The tokonoma is an alcove where a prized object can be exhibited and enjoyed.
		The most common object displayed in the tokonoma is a kakemono, or hanging scroll.
		Hanging scrolls for the tokonoma are changed frequently, reflecting the owner's sensitivity to the season, occasion, and the tastes and artistic interests of his guests.
	artsmia.org /art-of-asia/architecture/scrolls-screens-transcript.cfm (816 words)

	A Tea Ceremony Experience: Indoor Setting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Upon entering, students proceed to the front of the tokonoma to appreciate the displays.
		They bow to the art objects in the tokonoma to show their respect and appreciation before observing them.
		A student observes the displays in the tokonoma.
	www.art.uiuc.edu /galleries/japanhouse/oldsite/tea/2/5/is/2_23.html (60 words)

	MILITARY-ARISTOCRATIC JAPAN: PAGE 48 - IMAGES 70 and 71 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		"The tokonoma was the most distinctive feature of the shoin tea ceremony room, since it lent itself to the display of such things as paintings, flower arrangements, porcelain, and ceramicware.
		The shape of the average tokonoma was especially suitable for vertical hanging scrolls decorated either with pictorial scenes or with samples of calligraphy."
		"The arranging of cut flowers for exhibition in the tokonoma, moreover, was developed during the medieval age into an art that came to take its place alongside the tea ceremony as one of the most basic of the polite accomplishments of the Japanese." (4)
	www.csuohio.edu /history/lectures/MAJ/majjpn49.html (123 words)

	Displaying Suiseki \| The Art of Stone Appreciation - Stones Shaped by Nature, Suiseki.com
		The Japanese hanging scroll, placed on the back wall of the tokonorna, depicts a Japanese painting or poem relating to the suiseki and to other display items.
		Without duplicating one another, all objects in the tokonoma should be harmonious for a simple and peaceful effect; they should also reflect the current season.
		Today, drawings or photographs are sometimes used in place of the traditional Japanese scroll.
	www.suiseki.com /displays/tokonoma.html (173 words)

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