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Topic: Tokugawa Yoshimune

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Tokugawa shoguns

	Tokugawa Yoshimune - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tokugawa Yoshimune (徳川吉宗 Tokugawa Yoshimune, November 27, 1684-July 12, 1751 was the eighth shogun of the Tokugawa dynasty of Japan, ruling from 1716 until his abdication in 1745.
		Yoshimune thus was a second cousin to the fourth and fifth shoguns (both brothers) Tokugawa Ietsuna and Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, as well as a second cousin to Tokugawa Tsunashige, whose son became Shogun Tokugawa Ienobu.
		Tokugawa Yoshimune was born in 1684 in the rich region of Kii, a region which was then ruled by his father, Tokugawa Mitsusada.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tokugawa_Yoshimune (979 words)

	Tokugawa Yoshimune (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Tokugawa Yoshimune (November 27, 1684 - July 12, 1751) was the eighth shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate, known for his financial reform.
		Yoshimune assumed the position of daimyo of Kishu after two older brothers, who had both held that position in turn, died.
		Yoshimune established the Gosankyo (御三卿) to augment (or perhaps to replace) the Gosanke.
	encyclopedia.codeboy.net /wikipedia/t/to/tokugawa_yoshimune.html (244 words)

	Encyclopedia of Japanese History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Fought Tokugawa Ieyasu at Takatenjin in 1574 and at Nagashino in 1575.
		Tokugawa Ieyasu was the founder of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, and is commonly known as one of the “three great leaders” of feudal Japan (the other two are Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi).
		Tokugawa Ieyasu was named shōgun in 1603 and his family controlled the country through that office until the Meiji Restoration of 1867-68.
	www.openhistory.org /jhdp/encyclopedia/t.html (1820 words)

	Tokugawa shogunate
		The Tokugawa Shogunate or Tokugawa bakufu (徳川幕府) (also known as the Edo bakufu) was a feudal military dictatorship established in 1603 by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family to 1867 AD.
		The Tokugawa period, unlike the shogunates before it, was based on the strict class hierarchy established by Toyotomi Hideyoshi.
		The Tokugawa bakufu came to an official end in 1867 with the resignation of the 15th Tokugawa Shogun Tokugawa Yoshinobu and the "restoration" ('Taisei Houkan') of imperial rule.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/to/Tokugawa_shogunate.html (376 words)

	Tokugawa Ieshige - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tokugawa Ieshige; 徳川家重 (January 28, 1712 – July 13, 1761) was the ninth shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan.
		The first son of Tokugawa Yoshimune, he took office in 1745 on the retirement of his father, and held office beyond his father's 1751 death to 1760.
		Ieshige's second son became the founder of the Shimizu Tokugawa clan, which together with the Tayasu and Hitotsubashi (established by Ieshige's younger brothers) became the gosankyō, the three cadet branches from which future shoguns might be selected if the main line were to die out.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tokugawa_Ieshige (148 words)

	1688-1704. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Genroku period is regarded as the apogee of the vigorous culture of the merchant class of the Tokugawa period.
		Peasants were losing ownership of their land, and the farm population began to decline because of infanticide and migration to towns and cities.
		Yoshimune removed the ban on the study of Western subjects and on the importation of European books, exclusive of those on religion.
	www.bartleby.com /67/861.html (800 words)

	Tokugawa Yoshimune Biography / Biography of Tokugawa Yoshimune Biography
		Tokugawa Yoshimune (1684-1751) was a Japanese ruler, or shogun.
		Established in the early 17th century by Tokugawa Ieyasu at Edo (present-day Tokyo), the Tokugawa shogunate was based on a form of government that has been described as "centralized feudalism." Beginning with Ieyasu, the Tokugawa shoguns exercised hegemony over some 260 daimyos, or regional barons, who in turn ruled their own virtually autonomous domains.
		Yoshimune had been a successful administrator and reformer in his own domain, and he now sought to apply his ideas on the national level.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-tokugawa-yoshimune (464 words)

	Tokugawa_shogunate - The real meaning from Timesharetalk wikipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Tokugawa Shogunate came to an official end in 1868, with the resignation of the 15th Tokugawa Shogun, Tokugawa Yoshinobu and the "restoration" ('Taisei Hokan') of imperial rule.
		Tokugawa's descendants further ensured the loyalty by maintaining a dogmatic insistence on loyalty to the Shogun.
		Despite the establishment of the shogunate, the emperor in Kyoto was still the legitimate ruler of Japan.
	www.timesharetalk.co.uk /wiki.asp?k=Tokugawa_shogunate (1791 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Abarembo Shogun
		Yoshimune appointed him to the position of Minami Machi Bugyō, one of the two chief administrators of Edo.
		He was chosen from the second of the three cadet branches of the Tokugawa clan, and the head of the first branch, Muneharu, was passed over.
		The most common subject was political corruption, and at the end of about eight hundred episodes, Yoshimune, after defeating his inferior using the back of his sword, commanded his oniwaban to kill the corrupt official.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Abarembo_Shogun (848 words)

	Jigoku Dojo - Classical Japanese Military Arts&Sciences
		Tokugawa Ieyasu was caught in unfriendly land as the struggle to pick up the pieces after Nobunaga's death went on.
		The army under the Tokugawas at that time was already starting to show the rot that peace tends to bring on, and the castle finally fell after the defenders were reduced to starvation rather than due to any daring assault.
		It was about this time that Yoshimune set up the 'Oniwaban' group of ninja based on his Kishu ninja and reorganized the intelligence service to more accurately serve the nation, not as an espionage unit, but as an internal security unit.
	www.jigokudojo.com /koga.htm (6292 words)

	Ancient Japan - 7
		By reducing Osaka Castle and quelling the Shimabara Rebellion, the Tokugawa regime brought to an end the period of violence and ushered in an era of unprecedented domestic peace.
		The second half of the Tokugawa period is characterized by continual political reforms made by the samurai overlords in response to this ongoing economic crisis.
		Yoshimune's reforms also expedited the legal process, ameliorated punishments, and were published in a collection of laws (Kujikata osademegaki).
	www.crystalinks.com /japan7.html (4026 words)

	Bushido: Japanese (Tokugawa) Way of the Warriors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Tokugawa Yoshimune, like every single one of his predecessors, had been taught about the Tokugawa Testament and Ieyasu's ways; he realized acutely how yawning the gorge between the quality of the warrior class of his patriarch's times and his own was.
		By 1800, the Tokugawa samurai practiced martial arts only to fend off farmers' revolts that erupted everywhere around the realm, while the real powerful class was the merchant class, quite beyond their own expectation, and the extent of of which, luckily for the warrior class, the merchants themselves were not really aware.
		The Tokugawa's Bushido, on the other hand, was a systematic code born after philosophical disputes, in which the warlike qualities were adapted to the life in peace, and the adaptation was done for the purpose of keeping the Tokugawa clan in power.
	www.geocities.com /kazenaga23/bushido.htm (5072 words)

	Japan: Memoirs of a Secret Empire . Timeline - 1700s \| PBS
		Known for mixing with commoners, Yoshimune tried to free himself from the conventions that kept the shogun confined to the castle.
		The eldest son of Tokugawa Yoshimune, Ieshige was chronically ill and suffered from a speech defect.
		Tokugawa Ienari was the adopted son of the childless Tokugawa Ieharu, and became Shogun at age 13.
	www.pbs.org /empires/japan/timeline_1700.html (1068 words)

	AAS Abstracts: Japan Session 140 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Reinhard Zoellner assesses the degree to which late Tokugawa Ejanaika demonstrations were rooted in previous traditions of pilgrimage and concludes that significant new elements in Ejanaika indicate a cultural collapse that parallels the political crumbling of the Bakufu.
		In 1728, the eighth Tokugawa shogun, Yoshimune, revived a shogunal practice of pilgrimage to the tomb of the first Shogun Ieyasu in Nikko.
		Highlighting the inherent symbolism of Yoshimune's grand procession to Nikko was the large scale corvée labor (sukego) exacted directly from the peasants of the Kanto provinces (kuniyaku) to provide the men and horses necessary for the journey.
	www.aasianst.org /absts/1997abst/japan/j140.htm (860 words)

	Abarenbo Shogun
		Tokugawa Yoshimune, a young lord from Kishu in western Japan, was chosen to become the 8th Shogun of the Tokugawa Shogunate.
		The fifth lord of the Kishu clan, one of Tokugawa's shinpan (related houses), Yoshimune became the star hope for numerous vassals of the Shogun.
		He was said to be an illegitimate son of the lord of the Kii clan (presently Wakayama prefecture) and a woman of extremely lowly rank.
	www.kikutv.com /shows/Japanese_Programs/Inactive/abarenbo_shogun_classic (143 words)

	Edo Period
		Tokugawa Ieyasu retires as shôgun in favor of his son Hidetada.
		Tokugawa Ieyasu orders the preperation of the Buke Shohatto (Laws for Warrior Houses), which Ishin Sûden reads to an assembly of daimyô at Fushimi.
		January 27-29 Tokugawa loyalists are defeated by Imperialists near Osaka at the Battle of Fushimi.
	www.samurai-archives.com /edo.html (548 words)

	Tokugawa Yoshimune -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Yoshimune was originally the head of Kii, one of the three hereditary Japanese feudal fiefs ruled by descendants of the original Tokugawa ruler not in the main line of succession to the shogunate.
		At the same time, he tried to improve the quality of the administration and to raise national morale by instituting a vigorous program of education for all his subordinates, designed to improve their literary skill and to imbue them with the old warrior values of discipline and leadership.
		Since the chief source of revenue was the tax on agricultural produce, Yoshimune attempted to increase crop yields by developing new land and popularizing new crops, such as sweet potatoes and sugarcane, that could be grown in soil not used for rice cultivation.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9072776 (1013 words)

	Tokugawa Yoshimune -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Yoshimune was originally the head of Kii, one of the three hereditary Japanese feudal fiefs ruled by descendants of the original…
		Japanese statesman and scholar who was a chief adviser to the Tokugawa shoguns in the early years of the 18th century.
		The rulers of the country were members of the Tokugawa family, who held the title of shogun.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9072776 (623 words)

	Oniwabanshuu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Oniwabanshuu were a group of ninjas/onmitsus established by the 8th Tokugawa shogun, Tokugawa Yoshimune (1684-1751), who is considered to be one of Japan's greatest rulers.
		He was originally the head of Kii, one of the three hereditary Japanese feudal fiefs ruled by descendants of the original Tokugawa ruler not in the main line of succession to the Shogunate.
		Yoshimune established the Oniwabanshuu for security, information gathering and spying activities.
	www.geocities.com /Tokyo/Pagoda/5770/oniwa.htm (197 words)

	The Japan Karate-Do Organization : JKO Forums : TOKUGAWA MUSEUMS
		Tokugawa's late grandfather, Marquis Yoshichika Tokugawa, who was the 19th head of the Owari Tokugawa family, established the Reimeikai Foundation to which he donated almost all the household treasures, and then, under this foundation, built in 1935 the Tokugawa Art Museum in Nagoya, the old capital of the Owari territory.
		Tokugawa said he hoped he had made it clear that the fundamental governing policy of the Tokugawa shogunate was based on culture, and that the shogun and daimyos were not the barbarians depicted in the novel and TV drama "Shogun"!
		Tokugawa Ieyasu and the domestic incidents at Oda Nobunaga's Azuchi castle.
	www.jko.com /portal/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=30&get=last (6892 words)

	Tokugawa Ieyasu -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - Your gateway to all Britannica has to offer!
		He received the title of shogun and two years later passed the title to his son, thereby establishing it as hereditary among the Tokugawa.
		In 1603 a shogunate was established by a warrior, Tokugawa Ieyasu, in the city of Edo (present Tokyo).
		The period thence to the year 1867, the Tokugawa, or Edo, era, constitutes the later feudal period in Japan.
	concise.britannica.com /ebc/article-9380883 (809 words)

	Summary and Evaluation of China, Korea & Japan to 1875 by Sanderson Beck
		Tokugawa Nariaki was blamed and executed, and in revenge tairo Ii Naosuke was assassinated in Edo.
		Tokugawa Ieyasu gained power as shogun and established a dynasty that would keep the peace for a quarter of a millennium.
		The Tokugawa era was essentially a feudal system with a military aristocracy of self-disciplined samurai, but Japan's self-imposed isolation prevented foreign conflicts.
	www.san.beck.org /3-13-Summary.html (16017 words)

	Tokugawa Shogunate
		The Hitotsubashi and Tayasu were founded by sons of Tokugawa Yoshimune; the Shimizu family was founded by Tokugawa Shigeyoshi, a son of shôgun Ieshige.
		The last shôgun, Yoshimune, was born into the Mito house but was adopted into the Hitotsubashi in 1847.
		The Owari Tokugawa, established by Ieyasu's 7th son, Yoshinao, was never called upon to provide an heir to the shôgunate.
	www.samurai-archives.com /tokugawa.html (159 words)

	Dutch Traders in Japan
		Under Tokugawa regulations, the fleets were required to depart by September 20, regardless of weather conditions (Boxer 158).
		While the Tokugawa were concerned by Western influence, they also recognized that Dutch technology might provide tools to maintain the status quo.
		Recognizing that the insurance of good crops was a primary responsibility of a successful ruler, Tokugawa Yoshimune encouraged scholars to study Western geography and astronomy to create more accurate calendars (Goodman 46).
	filebox.vt.edu /users/jojacks2/words/redhairs.htm (3219 words)

	ipedia.com: Tokugawa shogunate Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Tokugawa shogunate or Tokugawa bakufu was a feudal military dictatorship of Japan established in 1603 by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family until 1868.
		The shogunate is the foremost, strongest and largest among them, thus, it is primarily responsible for its territory, the fief of the Tokugawa house just like other domains.
		The foreign affairs and trade was monopolized by the shogunate--the trade yielded a huge profit to the shogunate.
	www.ipedia.com /tokugawa_shogunate.html (1063 words)

	Japan: Memoirs of a Secret Empire . Shogun \| PBS
		In pre-modern Japan, the shogun was Japan's supreme military leader, awarded the title by the emperor, and by tradition a descendant of the prestigious Minamoto clan.
		From 1603 through 1869, Japan was ruled by a series of shoguns known as the Tokugawa Shogunate, descended from Tokugawa Ieyasu.
		Ieyasu moved the capitol to Edo (modern day Tokyo), and through a governing system of strict regulations, he initiated a period of peace, prosperity and cultural renaissance that would last for over 250 years.
	www.pbs.org /empires/japan/enteredo_9.html (91 words)

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