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Topic: Tolima Department

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	Colombia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This republic collapsed in 1830 when Venezuela and Ecuador separated, the Department of Cundinamarca became a new country, the Republic of New Granada.
		The territory's main population was made up of hundreds of tribes of the Chibchan and "Karib", currently known as the Caribbean people, whom the Spaniards conquered through warfare, while resulting disease, exploitation, and the conquest itself caused a tremendous demographic reduction among the indigenous.
		Department governors, mayors of cities and towns and other executive branch officials are elected for a three year term.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Colombia (2626 words)

	MAMACOCA: José Jairo Arias (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		These four municipalities cover an area of approximately 5,935 km2, that which is 25% of Tolima territory and an estimated population of 129,814 inhabitants or 10% of the department’s population.
		From its outset, it is an extremely dynamic farming and commercial center in Southern Tolima with strong ties to the Huila department.
		During the 1990s, the poppy-induced re-conversion of the Tolima landscape is reflected in the loss of 1,257 forested hectares (60%), 706 hectares of stubble field (34%) and 143 hectares of agricultural crops (7%) which means that a total of 2,106 hectares were converted to poppy planting.
	www.mamacoca.org /feb2002/abs_gonzalez_escenario_amapolero_en.html (1572 words)

	Unionists persecuted by right-wing thugs and police : LA IMC
		On 10 October 2002, in the municipality of Palermo, Magdalena department*, teacher JOSE FERNANDO MENA ALVARES was assassinated.
		On 23 October 2002, in the city of Cali, Valle del Cauca department*, at approximately 9:30 in the morning, comrades PEDRO PABLO BERNE and MILCIADES SANCHEZ, activists in the National University Workers and Employees Union of Colombia (SINTRAUNICOL-CUT) were confronted by the police.
		On 28 October 2002, in the town of Nieva, Huila department*, comrade MARIO DE JESUS CASTANEDA, twice president of the Huila-CUT branch, was detained by the police.
	la.indymedia.org /print.php?id=22460 (990 words)

	Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia - Jane's International Security News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		President Ernesto Samper ordered that the Caguan region in the Caquetta department be demilitarised and that all military operations be suspended for 32 days from the 23 May. This was intended as a goodwill gesture to FARC in an attempt to facilitate the release of the soldiers held hostage.
		The mayor of the Yondo municipality in the Antioquia department was kidnapped by FARC.
		The registrar, Henry Cano Estrada, was kidnapped by the ELN in Cantagallos, Bolivar department.
	www.janes.com /security/international_security/news/jwit/jwit001019_2_n.shtml (12070 words)

	Consolidated Amended Complaint (5NTD01!.DOC;1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Plaintiffs, THE DEPARTMENTS OF THE REPUBLIC OF COLOMBIA and SANTA FE DE BOGOTÁ, CAPITAL DISTRICT, are autonomous legal subdivisions of the Republic of Colombia.
		Defendants have collaborated with smugglers, encouraged smugglers, and, directly and indirectly, sold cigarettes to persons and entities who they know, or had reason to know, were smugglers, while at the same time supporting the smugglers' sales through the establishment and maintenance of so-called “umbrella operations” in the target jurisdictions.
		According to the United States Department of Justice, billions of dollars of worth of drug proceeds generated in the United States are laundered through the so-called “fl market peso exchange” (BMPE) in Bogota and elsewhere in Colombia.
	www.tobaccolaw.org /documents/english/literature/ColumbiaRICOComplaint.htm (9062 words)

	ReliefWeb » Document Preview » Colombia: Floods Information Bulletin no. 01/2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In the department of Tolima, the CRCS is supporting a damage and needs assessment in order to identify the needs of the affected families.
		In the department of Norte de Santander, rescue and evacuation activities were carried out in one of the five affected neighbourhoods in the departmental capital.
		In the department of Cundinamarca, the local branch of the CRCS has made available a rapid response team in case it is necessary to evacuate families from the district capital and other affected municipalities.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/JWIN-69NJF7?OpenDocument (1408 words)

	Colombia: balance of September 16th peasant and workers
		In Tolima, the main access routes to the main highways have been blocked by the army and 7,000 campesinos are being detained by the army around Icononzo.
		In the department of Tolima on 15 September, a bar was raided where there were a number of campesinos who were participating in the march.
		In the department of Sucre, Chalan municipality, on 15 September, Rubel Robles, General Secretary of the Departmental Union of Agricultural Workers of Sucre, and international delegates from the Spanish NGO SOLDEPAZ PACHAKUTTI, comrades Ana Maria Andera Ablanedo and Daniel Busto Gutierrez, were detained and deported.
	stop-war.aufmupf.de /PineSGI410102091816241209324170-100000.html (1488 words)

	MSF-USA: Colombia Information Page
		In the western city of Quibdó, in Chocó department, Colombia's poorest region, MSF teams support two health centers in the shantytowns of Porvenir and Reposo as well as the first-level hospital, Ismael Roldan.
		In the department of Tolima, home to more than one million people, MSF mobile teams bring medical and psychological assistance to those living in conflict zones.
		Tolima department and the western part of Cundinamarca department comprise a strategically important area, as the main roads leading from Cali and Medellin to Bogotá pass through them.
	www.doctorswithoutborders.org /news/colombia.cfm (1385 words)

	Guajira Department: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Nariño is a department of colombia named after antonio nariño....
		Norte de santander is a department of colombia....
		Valle del cauca is a department of colombia....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/g/gu/guajira_department.htm (237 words)

	Justice for Colombia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Due to combat with the leftwing FARC guerrilla insurgency, the Army declared a “State of Siege” in the entire department of Arauca meaning that people were not allowed to leave their homes and the strike and planned marches could not take place at all.
		Jose Joaquin Cubides, General Secretary of the agricultural workers union in the department of Arauca and an activist with the Colombian Communist Party, was shot and killed at 8pm on Sunday 7th November in the city of Fortul, Arauca.
		Reports from the rural region of the municipality of Fortul in the department of Arauca say that on Monday 8th November troops of the 5th Mobile Brigade of the Colombian Army arrived in the area and engaged in combat with a guerrilla column whilst using local residents as human shields.
	www.justiceforcolombia.org /urgentactions.html (8037 words)

	Colombia
		On July 26, the Administrative Tribunal of Cundinamarca Department ruled that the Government should pay approximately $20 million (50 billion pesos) to 120 families of victims of the 1999 paramilitary massacre near La Gabarra, Norte de Santander Department, because both the police and army failed to take measures to prevent it.
		On August 21, the FARC kidnapped Arquimedes Vitonas, the indigenous mayor of Toribio municipality, Cauca Department, and on August 26, in cooperation with the ELN, kidnapped Orlando Hernandez, the indigenous mayor of Ricaurte, Narino Department.
		Choco, the department with the highest percentage of Afro-Colombian residents, had the lowest per capita level of social investment and ranked last in terms of education, health, and infrastructure.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2004/41754.htm (19007 words)

	Inter Press Service News Agency
		Rice growers in the department ”have to pay a very high tax by weight to the paramilitaries,” he said.
		And for each of the 700,000 head of cattle in Tolima, stockbreeders pay 3.80 dollars in taxes to the paramilitaries, who take in around 3.28 million dollars a year in Tolima from stockbreeders and rice producers alone, said Zárrate.
		Although the security forces have a strong presence in Tolima (unlike in portions of the country dominated by the guerrillas), the paramilitaries control urban areas in the department, and from that base they extort ”casual labourers, butchers, supermarkets, landowners, transport drivers, etc.,” he said.
	www.ipsnews.net /africa/sendnews.asp?idnews=25838 (1236 words)

	Recent Combat Reports from the Colombia War : LA IMC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		May 12th FARC and army in heavy combat outside the town of Sucre in Santander department resulting in three guerrillas and one soldier being killed.
		May 12th ELN and army in heavy combat outside the town of Falan in Tolima department resulting in four guerrillas and one soldier being killed.
		May 9th ELN and army in heavy combat in Arauca department resulting in the death of a soldier.
	la.indymedia.org /mail.php?id=6923 (667 words)

	Colombia
		For example, the CCJ alleged that on May 11 troops of the 6th Brigade surrounded the towns of Montoso and Aco, Tolima department, accused various members of the population of being guerrilla collaborators, and causing the disappearance of Jose Maximiliano Gomez.
		For example, on May 30, paramilitaries in the department of Cesar released a senior departmental government employee they had held captive for over 9 months; paramilitaries justified their actions by claiming they had held him while they investigated allegations of corruption.
		On July 21, police in Atlantico department captured Leonidas Ricardo Reyes, the AUC Southern Bloc's third-in-command, who was suspected of murdering several teachers and a student in Magdalena department.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2003/27891.htm (18489 words)

	Online NewsHour Update: U.S. Pledges More Anti-Terror Aid as Colombia's War Rages -- Dec. 6, 2002
		Mayor Jesus Antonio Nunez of Ambalema was shot and killed late Wednesday as he was traveling without a bodyguard in the Department of Cundinamarca, a rural zone populated by leftist guerrillas, local officials said.
		This is part of general terrorist threats aimed at mayors from armed groups," said Gerardo Montoya, the official spokesperson for the Tolima Department, where Ambalema is located.
		Montoya said 25 of the 47 mayors in Tolima, along with officials from Ambalema, continue to receive death threats.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/updates/colombia_12-06-02.html (638 words)

	News, reports and documents in English - EJERCITO NACIONAL DE COLOMBIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		New military operations developed in the Departments of Vichada, Quindio and Cundinamarca, left as balance a laboratory dismantled, two individuals captured, war material confiscated and 36 hectares of illicit cultivations destroyed.
		Terrorist from the Farc 15 squad dies in the Caquetá Department
		With the development of military actions in Cordoba and Cundinamarca Departments, the Army continues giving important blows to the finances to the groups dedicated to the narcotic's production and commercialization, when dismantling three coca complexes, destroying a great amount of precursors, and eradicating 4 hectares sowed with coca.
	www.ejercito.mil.co /english/index.php?idcategoria=42 (1389 words)

	Untitled Document
		14 October: In Espinal, Tolima Department, Eduardo Hernandez Cabrera, a leader of the Espinal public sector workers' union was stopped and detained in a 'land cruiser' vehicle that was then driven away with the union leader inside.
		The CUT was publicly and constitutionally at the forefront of the 'Active Abstention' campaign against the Referendum of the President.
		The trade unionists say that their campaign is in defence of public services, claiming that the State has generated a humanitarian crisis by neglecting hospitals and using public funds to pay off debt and to pay for war.
	www.ictur.labournet.org /Colombia-bulletin17.htm (1505 words)

	americas.org - Massacre in Tolima (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		On November 2, armed men wearing army uniforms abducted campesinos Jhon Jairo Iglesias, José Céspedes and Wilson Quintero in the community of Potosí in Cajamarca municipality, in the central Colombian department of Tolima.
		Espejo was a leader of the Cajamarca section of the Union of Agricultural Workers of Tolima (Sintragritol).
		Most of the victims and their surviving family members were among a group of local residents who occupied a farm last March belonging to the Colombian ambassador to Australia, Armando Hecheverry Jiménez.
	www.americas.org /item_8616 (181 words)

	Reporters sans frontières - Colombia
		The target of repeated threats, he described himself as "exhausted" and "extremely worried." He said the protection he is getting from the interior ministry is not enough to ensure his and his family’s safety, but he refuses to leave Ibagué.
		Reporters Without Borders today condemned a new death threat against Gilberto Martínez Prado, the manager of Colmundo Radio in Ibagué (in the center-western department of Tolima), as well as the threats and harassment to which he has been constantly subjected for years.
		As well as being a radio journalist, Martínez is also a member of a committee that was set up to monitor implementation of a pact on transparency in the Ibagué local government.
	www.rsf.org /article.php3/IMG/pdf/IMG/pdf/print.php3?id_article=13470 (485 words)

	CPJ News Alert: Colombia 2001
		Colombian radio reporter Pablo Emilio Parra Castañeda was murdered with two shots to the head in central Tolima Department on June 27, according to local press reports.
		Parra, 50, was the founder and head of the community radio station Planadas Cultural Estéreo in the town of Planadas.
		One of his radio programs was a long-distance learning project that involved dictating high school lessons via radio for students who either lived in isolated rural areas or were unable to attend formal classes because of their jobs.
	www.cpj.org /news/2001/Colombia03jul01na.html (444 words)

	AI UA 154/98 - Bellacruz Ranch
		The families had been driven off Bellacruz Ranch, Cesar Department, in 1996 by paramilitary forces operating with the support of the security forces.
		The paramilitaries accused the community of being guerrilla collaborators, falsely claiming that European Union funds received for reconstruction projects were being supplied by guerrillas.
		There is serious concern that the threats and accusations made against the displaced community on the La Miel Ranch, and those seeking to assist them, may be the prelude to a large-scale paramilitary attack on the community and its supporters.
	www.colombiasupport.net /amnestyua/ua15498.html (338 words)

	La Federación Nacional de Arroceros de Colombia (FEDEARROZ) es uno de los socios del Fondo Latinoamericano para ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The rice production is one of Colombia's great scale agricultural sector whereas it has tractor infrastructure, rice collectors, machinery, irrigation gauges and generates at the Department of Tolima 150.000 direct jobs.
		In Colombia, four rice zones are distinguished: Center (Tolima, Huila and Valle) Llanos Orientales, Bajo Cauca and Caribbean zone.
		In Tolima de average production is of 7 Ton/Ha in the districts of Saldaña and Coello, in Ibagué; it gathers 9 Tons/Ha and the north of the department obtains 6 Ton/Ha.
	www.flar.org /partnercolombia.htm (231 words)

	Plan Colombia and Beyond: Human Rights Archives
		The danger of impunity is why the State Department must include the Piedras tortures on the list of cases it considers when it decides whether to certify the Colombian military’s human rights performance, a step that the law requires in order to free up much military aid.
		Londoño refers to the April 2004 incident in Cajamarca, Tolima, when a military patrol killed five people, including two children, in a car that was approaching them in foggy conditions.
		The law requires that the State Department certify, among other things, that the Commander-General of the Armed Forces is suspending officials who have been credibly alleged to have committed human rights violations, the government is vigorously investigating and prosecuting such personnel.
	www.ciponline.org /colombia/blog/archives/cat_human_rights.htm (16390 words)

	DIRECTOR-GENERAL CONDEMNS MURDER OF COLOMBIAN JOURNALIST (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Mr Parra Castañeda was the founder and head of the community radio station Planadas Cultural Estéreo in the town of Planadas.
		He was also a regular contributor to print and radio media in the city of Neiva, capital of Huila Department, and Ibagué, the capital of Tolima Department.
		According to the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), the New York-based non-governmental organization, at least four journalists have been killed in Colombia in connection with their work since the start of this year.
	www.unesco.org /bpi/eng/unescopress/2001/01-80e.shtml (251 words)

	Colombian Paramilitaries Extend Their Tentacles - by Constanza Vieira
		In each of the 36 municipalities in Tolima, the paramilitaries have lists of "1,000 or 2,000 citizens" whom they extort, said the parliamentarian.
		And for each of the 700,000 head of cattle in Tolima, stockbreeders pay $3.80 in taxes to the paramilitaries, who take in around $3.28 million a year in Tolima from stockbreeders and rice producers alone, said Zárrate.
		Although the security forces have a strong presence in Tolima (unlike in portions of the country dominated by the guerrillas), the paramilitaries control urban areas in the department, and from that base they extort "casual laborers, butchers, supermarkets, landowners, transport drivers, etc.," he said.
	www.antiwar.com /ips/vieira.php?articleid=3778 (1526 words)

	AMR 23/114/2001 COLOMBIA Further information on UA 244/01(AMR 23/099/2001, 25 September 2001) - Fear for safety/ ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Civilian population of the district of Frías, Falán municipality, in the north of Tolima Department
		Army-backed paramilitaries have threatened to attack four more municipalities in the north of Tolima Department.
		Paramilitaries have carried out two massacres in Tolima department since September this year.
	www2.amnesty.se /uaonnet.nsf/d1c4215f6be10b45c1256672003dd2be/06dd1b11b1a0f553c1256b0a0032e15e?OpenDocument (468 words)

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