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	Leo Tolstoy - Books and Biography
		Tolstoy was forced to write in 1890 a postscript in which he attempted to explain his unorthodox views.
		Tolstoy's teachings influenced Gandhi in India, and the kibbutz movement in Palestine, and in Russia his moral authority rivalled that of the tsar.
		Tolstoy's form of Christianity was based on the Sermon on the Mount and crystallized in five leading ideas: human beings must suppress their anger, whether warranted or not; no sex outside marriage; no oaths of any sort; renunciation of all resistance to evil; love of enemies.
	www.readprint.com /author-82/Leo-Tolstoy (1825 words)

	Tolstoy - MSN Encarta
		Tolstoy entered Kazan’ State University when he was 16 but preferred to educate himself independently, and in 1847 he gave up his studies without finishing his degree.
		Tolstoy was never comfortable in the literary world, however, and in 1859 he returned to Yasnaya Polyana to manage the estate, set up a school for peasant children, and write about his progressive theories of education.
		Tolstoy reveals both the inner and the outer lives of these characters, as well as more than 500 other characters, historical and fictional, through a combination of sharp physical detail and close psychological analysis.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761579029/Tolstoy_Leo_Nikolayevich.html (1339 words)

	Tolstoy's What is Art? (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Tolstoy criticizes the belief that art is only relevant to a particular class of society, saying that this is a misconception which can lead to obscurity and decadence in art.
		Tolstoy claims that professionalism causes a lack of sincerity in the artist, and argues that if an artist must earn a living by producing art, then the art which is produced is more likely to be false and insincere.
		Tolstoy does not believe that art can be taught, or that instruction in the practice of art can help people to communicate their thoughts and feelings more sincerely.
	www.angelfire.com /md2/timewarp/tolstoy.html (1005 words)

	Leo Tolstoy
		Tolstoi once said, "The one thing is necessary, in life as in art, is to tell the truth." Tolstoy's life in often seen to form two distinct parts: first comes the author of great novels, and later a prophet and moral reformer.
		Leo Tolstoy was born at Yasnya Polyana, in Tula Province, the fourth of five children.
		Tolstoy juxtaposed in the work crises of family life with the quest for the meaning of life and social justice.
	www.classicreader.com /author.php/aut.36 (1256 words)

	Introduction To Tolstoy's Writings
		Tolstoy received no official encouragement for his proposed program, but from the evidence of fragments of pedagogical essays at this time it is obvious that he had begun to think out his own course of instruction.
		Tolstoy's faith in the "will of the people," even though the people might oppose commonly accepted notions of progress, contained the seeds of his later anarchism, and was a direct slap at radical reformers who would uplift the masses against their will.
		When Tolstoy purposely left the room in the middle of a lesson to test the behaviour of his students, they did not break into an uproar as he had observed was the case in similar circumstances in classrooms he visited abroad.
	www.ourcivilisation.com /smartboard/shop/smmnsej/tolstoy/chap4.htm (5904 words)

	Leo Tolstoy Homepage and Biography on Bibliomania.com
		His life is notable for the fact that after his initial success he discarded many of the comforts of his time to live as a simple hermit peasant although his wife had the good sense to sell the copyright of his early works to keep the family from starvation.
		Tolstoy's other works are mostly novellas and short stories (such as The Sebastopol Sketches (1855-6), a fine early work and The Cossacks (1863)) although he also wrote certain dramatic works.
		Tolstoy's works concern the search for moral codes and value and circle around his morbid fear of death and his love of life (in fact he lived into his eighties).
	www.bibliomania.com /0/0/52 (595 words)

	Leo Tolstoy
		Tolstoy began it in 1873 and concluded it in 1877.
		Tolstoy also gave a strong plea for Christians to reject the State when seeking answers to questions of morality and instead to look within themselves and to God for their answers...
		The Last Days of Leo Tolstoy by Vladimir Chertkov, Tolstoy's long-time personal secretary, disciple and executor of his literary estate, is both a history, a chronicle of Tolstoy's deathbed scene, and a story, a personal interpretation of that event in a literary genre reminiscent of the Gospels.
	www.erraticimpact.com /~19thcentury/html/tolstoy.htm (1036 words)

	Leo Tolstoy - Biography and Works
		Leo Tolstoy was born on August 28, 1828 at Yasnya Polyana, in Tula Province, the fourth of five children.
		Tolstoy was treated for venereal disease in 1847, and for most of the rest of his life was troubled by his tendency to debauch himself on a grand scale.
		Tolstoy juxtaposed in the work crises of family life with the quest for the meaning of life.
	www.online-literature.com /tolstoy (1803 words)

	Words We Do Not Want To Hear
		According to Tolstoy, the meaning of Christ’s command to "resist not evil" is plain enough: it is wrong to use force or violence to oppose evil.
		Tolstoy musters many arguments to demonstrate that Christ’s teaching is the only true and lasting foundation of peace and brotherhood among men, and to explain why violence cannot eliminate evil, but only beget more violence.
		Tolstoy concludes that government’s ceasing to exist and to provide its "protection" may result in a change in the men who subject the good to oppression and violence, but will not, ultimately, change the overall lot of the good.
	www.lewrockwell.com /orig/snyder2.html (2051 words)

	The Voice of Russia ( THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR IN PHOTOS [ Alexey Tolstoy ] ) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Tolstoy's early stories portray the life of the gentry in their country estates.
		Tolstoy's major work of fiction reflecting the revolutionary turmoil is Khozhdeniye Po Mukam (The Road to Calvary).
		Many of Tolstoy's works were filmed, among them his popular tale for children The Golden Key and two science fiction novels: Engineer Garin's Hyperboloid and Aelita.
	www.vor.ru /55/Proza/ATolstoy_eng.html (223 words)

	tolstoy
		Tolstoy’s publications carrying his various views were all condemned by the Orthodox Church and he was excommunicated in 1901.
		Tolstoy was intensely aware of problems in the population at large, and at the same time had a unique gift for observing and understanding individuals and portraying their character in words.
		Tolstoy subsequently found further support for non violence in a Czech writer, Helchitsky, who published The Net of Faith in the Fifteenth Century, attributing the degeneration of Christianity to Constantine the Great’s adoption of Christianity as the preferred Roman religion.
	www.humanistictexts.org /tolstoy.htm (5581 words)

	Amazon.com: Tolstoy: Books: Henri Troyat,Nancy Amphoux (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Tolstoy is on view for all to see, from his world-renowned works, to personal letters written to close acquaintances, to his own personal diary, Troyat makes use of every available resource to give us an up close and personal view of Tolstoy's life.
		Tolstoy in Isaiah Berlin's concept aims to be the hedgehog who understands all reality as one great system and yet is truly a fox in his remarkable observations and understanding of nature and society.
		Tolstoy is a raw awkward bear of a character who nonetheless develops into a sincere and mature responsible citizen and landholder.
	www.amazon.com /Tolstoy-Henri-Troyat/dp/0802137687 (2223 words)

	Gandhi's Tolstoy Farm - The begining of the Mahatma
		The Tolstoy Farm was the second of its kind of experiments established by Gandhi.
		He devotes a considerable number of pages in Satyagraha in South Africa to the discussion of the day-to-day activities on the farm as the experiment appeared important to him, even though it had not enjoyed much "limelight".
		We aim to redevelop Tolstoy Farm, the historic settlement founded by Mahatma Gandhi.
	www.tolstoyfarm.com (222 words)

	Masterpiece Theatre \| Anna Karenina \| Tolstoy's Struggle
		Tolstoy's problem, he told his wife Sonya (who recorded it in her diary), was how "to present this woman as not guilty but merely pitiful." An adulteress as a sympathetic character was in those days most rare.
		Sonya complained to her father that Tolstoy was obsessed with the educational needs of his peasants, much to the detriment of finishing Anna Karenina.
		Tolstoy's pacifist views are evident in the last few pages of the novel, where he condemns the Turkish-Serbian-Russian war.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/masterpiece/anna/tg_struggle.html (566 words)

	Tolstoy/Dolan Expedition
		Ilya Tolstoy, as well as a short account of the expedition was compiled by Martha Chahroudi; see pp.
		The direct route through Burma was blocked by the Japanese, so in 1942, the OSS officers Tolstoy and Dolan received permission to explore the route via India.
		Tolstoy and Dolan set off from Gyantse for Lhasa on 4 December and arrived a few days later.
	www.skidmore.edu /academics/asianstudies/TibetanPhotos/Expedition.html (845 words)

	"What Is Art?" by Leo Tolstoy (excerpts)
		Tolstoy characterizes art in terms of the relationship of the observer/perceiver both to the artist and to others who perceive the work.
		Tolstoy seems to accept a hierarchy in which there is "art" of everyday life and higher art imbued with religious perception (#17-18).
		Tolstoy uses the test of infectiousness, not only as a descriptive measure for what should count as art, but also as a standard for good art (#28-32).
	www.csulb.edu /~jvancamp/361r14.html (2482 words)

	Leo Tolstoy at LiteratureClassics.com -- essays, resources
		Tolstoy's two novels War and Peace and Anna Karenina are regarded as some of the finest ever written.
		Tolstoy was a master of observing minor changes in consciousness and behaviour.
		Tolstoy was born to prominent aristocrats, south of Moscow in Russia.
	www.literatureclassics.com /authors/Tolstoy (620 words)

	Fiction: Leo Tolstoy
		Born in Russia into a family of aristocratic landowners, Tolstoy cut short his university education and joined the army, serving among the primitive Cossacks, who became the subject of his first novel, The Cossacks (1863).
		Tolstoy left the army and traveled abroad but was disappointed by Western materialism and returned home.
		Around 1876, Tolstoy experienced a kind of spiritual crisis that ultimately led him to reject his former beliefs, way of life, and literary works.
	www.bedfordstmartins.com /litlinks/fiction/tolstoy.htm (192 words)

	Anna Karenina - Christopher Caldwell - Slate Magazine
		Tolstoy's idea of spirituality is not the idiotic, ideologized one we hold today, under which the only meaningful differences are the degree of certitude one has that God does or doesn't exist.
		Her defining attribute is not her "passion," her beauty, her overpowering intellect (which is, curiously, mentioned almost as an afterthought by Tolstoy), or any of the things Levin mentions.
		Tolstoy is not saying that adultery is a proper calling for a decent Russian woman.
	www.slate.com /id/2000240/entry/1007279 (1261 words)

	Twenty-Three Tales \| Christian Classics Ethereal Library
		The second deals with the simplest feelings common to all men: fear and courage, pity, endurance, andc.' expressed with that individuality, clearness, and sincerity, which Tolstoy says are the signs of true art.
		Part IV contains three short stories written to help the sale of cheap reproductions of some good drawings; Tolstoy having for many years been anxious by all means in his power to further the circulation, at a cheap price, of good works of pictorial as well as literary art.
		Part VII consists of stories Tolstoy contributed in aid of the Jews left destitute after the massacres and outrages in Kishinéf and elsewhere in Russia in 1903, -- outrages which were forerunners of the yet more terrible Jewish massacres of 1905.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/tolstoy/23_tales.ii.html (481 words)

	English Translation off "The Last Days of Leo Tolstoy"
		Tolstoy remembered that he had detained him at Shamardino, causing him to miss his train and travel the remaining 50 verst by carriage.
		Their meeting was deeply moving both because of Tolstoy's joy at the sight of his eldest daughter as well as because of his heartfelt concern for Sophia's health, as revealed in his questions.
		Tolstoy thought that Sophia had stayed behind in Yasnaya, when, as a matter of fact, she was at this very moment only a stone's throw away from him in a train-car at the Astapovo train station.
	www.linguadex.com /tolstoy/etext.html (3392 words)

	Leo Tolstoi
		Every action of theirs, that seems to them an act of their own free will, is in an historical sense not free at all, but in bondage to the whole course of previous history, and predestined from all eternity." (from
		Leo Tolstoy was born at Yasnaya Polyana, in Tula Province, the fourth of five children.
		But this concerns the Tolstoi of yesterday, who has nothing in common with the exasperating moralist and theorizer of today."
	www.kirjasto.sci.fi /ltolstoi.htm (2354 words)

	Leo Tolstoy on Vegetarianism
		Great novel and a challenging read to complete in a mere week, but I never realized until much later that Tolstoy was a vegetarian and was a strong voice for both compassion for humans and non-human animals.
		Certainly, Tolstoy was a great novelist, dramatist, essayist and by far a very decent human being, one who had a lasting influence upon such people like Mahatma Gandhi (the young Gandhi corresponded with Tolstoy and was later to name of his South African centers "Tolstoy Farm".)
		Not long ago I had a talk with a retired soldier, a butcher, and he was surprised at my assertion that it was a pity to kill, and said the usual things about it's being ordained.
	www.newveg.av.org /tolstoy.htm (771 words)

	Barnes & Noble.com - Leo Tolstoy - Books: Meet the Writers
		From our Editors: "A monumental work of fiction, Tolstoy's masterpiece of love and loss, tragedy and triumph is set against the panorama of the Napoleonic Wars at the dawn of the 19th century.
		The second plot centers on the happy marriage of Konstantine Levin and his wife Kitty and is Tolstoy's vehicle for dramatizing a search for the meaning of life and a philosophy similar to his own.
		Set during the last years of Tolstoy's life, this novel chronicles the conflict between Tolstoy's professed doctrine of poverty and his enormous wealth.
	www.barnesandnoble.com /writers/writer.asp?cid=748119 (310 words)

	Chekhov & Tolstoy by Anthony Daniels (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Tolstoy may be an ideologist, but unusually for an ideologist he has the greatest artistic mastery.
		Tolstoy calls doctors scoundrels and flaunts his ignorance of important matters because he is a second Diogenes whom no one will report to the police or denounce to the newspapers.
		Tolstoy yearned for love but was a first-class hater—one who proclaimed God while having difficulty accepting the authority of anything other than his own ego, thereby becoming the object of Lenin’s justified mockery.
	www.newcriterion.com /archive/23/apr05/daniels.htm (3213 words)

	War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy. Search, Read, Study, Discuss.
		This panoramic study of early 19th-century Russian society, noted for its mastery of realistic detail and variety of psychological analysis, is generally regarded as one of the world's greatest novels.
		War and Peace is primarily concerned with the histories of five aristocratic families--particularly the Bezukhovs, the Bolkonskys, and the Rostovs--the members of which are portrayed against a vivid background of Russian social life during the war against Napoleon (1805-14).
		The theme of war, however, is subordinate to the story of family existence, which involves Tolstoy's optimistic belief in the life-asserting pattern of human existence.
	www.online-literature.com /tolstoy/war_and_peace (914 words)

	Masterpiece Theatre \| Anna Karenina \| A Tolstoy Timeline
		Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy, a Russian novelist, philosopher, and religious insurgent, lived from 1828 to 1910.
		His personal life was as tumultuous as one of his novels; he fathered 13 children with his wife, Sonya Behrs; their life together evolved from bliss to disaster.
		A preface to the Tolstoy Timeline, this brief biography gives an overview of the influences and themes in Tolstoy's life.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/masterpiece/anna/timeline.html (218 words)

	Picture Album of Tolstoy and Chertkov
		The publisher invites any information concerning the Chertkov family which might promote a better understanding of the inter-relationship between the Tolstoys and the Chertkovs.
		Chertkov, after the death of Leo Tolstoy, was appointed editor-in-chief of the jubilee edition
		This was a gift to Tolstoy from workers of the Maltsevsky glass factory on the occasion of his excommunication from the Russian Orthodox Church in 1901.
	www.linguadex.com /tolstoy/album.html (454 words)

	Democracy Now! \| Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace: A Look at the Epic Russian Novel and its Author
		And the range of interests that his works deal with, his range of concerns, the character types, the sprawling expanse of life that he explores in his works is absolutely breath-taking.
		But, you see, earlier in his career, part of the reason that he became a pacifist later on is because earlier in his career, he actually was excited by the whole military experience.
		You see, Tolstoy’s imagination, his sense of life was too big to be captured in any traditional narrative structure as people had written before.
	www.democracynow.org /article.pl?sid=05/12/06/152225 (1566 words)

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