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Topic: Tom Clarke Irish republican

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	Provos :: Provisional Irish Republican Army
		Republicanism splits amid differing attitudes towards the deteriorating situation in the Six Counties.
		Republican leaders (including Gerry Adams and Martin McGuinness) are flown to London by the British Government for talks with Secretary of State William Whitelaw.
		The British Government unilaterally withdraws the political status won by republican prisoners and introduces a "criminalisation policy" to remove the embarrassing acknowledgement to the world that the conflict is a political struggle.
	www.freewebs.com /provos2/history.htm (1602 words)

	Irish Stamps
		On the Irish Stamp the Lady Liberty is depicted in front of the GPO and carries the Irish "tri-colour" (green, white and orange) rather than the French colors (blue, white and red).
		Irish Volunteers, the military wing of the IRB, became known as the Irish Republican Army or the IRA.
		The Irish Republican Brotherhood largely remained loyal to Michael Collins but the IRA split into a pro-treaty faction that became the Free State Army and an anti-treaty faction that continued to call itself the Irish Republican Army.
	web.umr.edu /~greggjay/irstamp.html (2810 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		The insurrection was planned by Patrick Pearse, Tom Clarke, and several other leaders of the Irish Republican Brotherhood, which was a revolutionary society within the nationalist organization called the Irish Volunteers; the latter had about 16,000 members and was armed with German weapons smuggled into the country in 1914.
		These two organizations were supplemented by the Irish Citizen Army, an association of Dublin workers formed after the failure of the general strike of 1913, and by the small Sinn Féin party.
		The Irish government collapsed, and, from then until the establishment (Dec. 6, 1921) of the Irish Free State, the British made several attempts to govern, none of which was very successful.
	www.bennetyee.org /ucsd-pages/easter.uprising.1.txt (407 words)

	Irish Cultural Society of San Antonio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Clarke was an old Fenian who had been convicted of attempted dynamiting in England in the 1880s and served a long term in prison.
		The failure of the Republicans to seize Dublin and ultimately wrest control of the country from the British was the result of a series of unforeseen mishaps, including a crucial confusion of orders.
		In an attempt to justify the brutal executions of Irish patriots the government leaked falsified document, accusing the patriots of a variety of criminal offences.
	home.swbell.net /lpkelley/ICS/essaysandmisc/poetsconspiracy.html (1594 words)

	Historians and the Irish republican struggle of the early 1900s
		Irish nationalism is seen as backward-looking, conservative, romantic or reactionary; regionalist; Anglophobic to the point of being “racist”; irrational; having a preference for physical force methods, glorifying violence and involving a messianic aspect, bound up with the concept of “blood sacrifice”; and attracting eccentrics and social misfits.
		Irish nationalism is today increasingly portrayed as inherently Catholic and sectarian, a stance which leads to the conclusion that loyalism is a logical reaction on the part of Protestants, including Protestant workers.
		The concentration on republicanism as a reflection of rural backwardness and the peasant mentality dovetails with the attempt to deconstruct Irish nationalism and render it incoherent by examining individual localities and rooting the conflict in narrow parochial concerns.
	www.marxmail.org /Irishhistoriography.htm (10041 words)

	Irish in Spanish Civil War
		The Irish unit of the International Brigade was known as the Connolly Column and, when a memorial to it was unveiled at Dublin's Liberty Hall in May 1991, Maurice Levitas read the roll of honour of his fallen comrades.
		The deaths left a serious gap in the ranks of the Irish and afterwards the individual volunteers came and were split among the American and the British battalion.
		Old Tom Clarke saw this young fellow of 15 years of age and gave him a few copies of the Republican 'War News' to distribute to people around Dublin and gave him a cuff on the ear and said "Don't come back here again".
	www.geocities.com /irishafa/irishvets.html (4849 words)

	Ireland's OWN: News Updates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Republicans must refuse to be intimidated by the re-named British forces in the Six Counties or by the collaborationist activities of the 26-County political police.
		Republicans from all political persuasions united on Monday last (March 18) to bid farewell to veteran republican Oliver Patrick De Bruen who was cremated at an RC service at Garston Crematorium.
		Republicans are being blamed for a booby trap device found under a car in the village of Sion Mills, Co Tyrone.
	irelandsown.net /News26.html (11782 words)

	Ireland's OWN History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		On 11th March 1857, Thomas James Clarke was born of Irish parents on the Isle of Wight.
		Clarke returned to Ireland in 1889 and was made a freeman of the city of Limerick.
		He organised a pilgrimage to Wolfe Tone’s grave at Bodenstown, Co Kildare, in protest of the royal visit of the new king of England, George V in 1912.
	irelandsown.net /clarke.html (235 words)

	Spanish Civil War - articles from the Irish Democrat-Irish Echo-Irish Post (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		He took the Republican side in the Civil War and with his life-long companion Bill Gannon, he was part of the garrison of the four courts, being particularly friendly with Rory O’Connor and Liam Mellows.
		When the dark clouds of the Irish civil war broke open over Dublin, soon swamping the entire country in internecine conflict, Ryan was off again with the flying columns until the Free State army captured him and locked him away.
		But he certainly wasn’t an IRA-type Irish Republican or a doctrinaire Socialist as were the members of the Irish contingent that Frank Ryan led to Spain.
	www.geocities.com /irelandscw/PaperArticles/EchoPostetc.htm (6887 words)

	Irish Rebellion -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The insurrection was planned by Patrick Pearse, Tom Clarke, and several other leaders of the Irish Republican Brotherhood, which was a revolutionary society within the nationalist organization called the Irish Volunteers; the latter had...
		The principal nationalist paramilitary organization in Ireland, the Irish Republican Army, or IRA, was founded in 1919.
		Two goals of Irish patriots for centuries have been to unite the Roman Catholic and Protestant factions of the population and to overthrow English rule.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9042781?tocId=9042781 (825 words)

	Calendar Easter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		The Easter Rising (Irish: ''Éirí Amach na Cásca'') was a militarily unsuccessful rebellion staged in Ireland against British rule on Easter Monday in April 1916.
		The Irish Republican revolutionary attempt occurred from April 24 to April 30, 1916, in which a part of the Irish Volunteers led by school teacher and barrister Padraig Pearse and the smaller Irish Citizen Army of James Connolly seized key locations in Dublin and proclaimed an Irish Republic independent of Britain.
		To this end, the IRB's treasurer, Tom Clarke formed a Military Committee to plan the rising, initially consisting of Pearse, Eamonn Ceannt, and Joseph Plunkett, with himself and Sean MacDermott added shortly thereafter.
	www.wwwtln.com /finance/28/calendar-easter.html (1282 words)

	The Badger's Radio Weblog
		The life of Tom Clarke, first signatory of the Easter 1916 proclamation of an Irish republic, was recalled at a meeting in St. Patrick[base ']s Hall Dungannon, Co. Tyrone on Friday 15th February.
		Speakers at the event reminded the audience that the Clarke family lived for many years in Dungannon and that Tom always regarded himself as a native of the Co. Tyrone town.
		He said that any negotiations on the report must be conducted in a positive environment not in the negative one generated by the comments of the Taoiseach and Minister for Finance.
	radio.weblogs.com /0100730/2002/07/19.html (268 words)

	Beyond the Pale
		Irish socialists joined with their comrades from many nations in the International Brigades of the Spanish Civil War: some 145 volunteers, mostly trade unionists and IRA members, formed the Connolly Column, fighting alongside the Abraham Lincoln Brigade against the Fascist forces of Generalissimo Franco.
		One way that the Republican and Republican Socialist movements were able to revive the mass movement and rebuild morale was to focus on the struggle in the prisons.
		Religion, for republicans, is not the issue; the economic and political destiny of Ireland is. These Left groups receive little or no support from either the nationalist or loyalist communities, and are irrelevant for the vast majority of the Irish working class.
	www.irsm.org /history/beyondthepale.html (18271 words)

	THE BLANKET * Index: Current Articles
		More anecdotal than analytical, the book almost exclusively concentrates on Irish Republicans born and raised in Britain from 1916 onwards, and their political activities during the last thirty years in particular.
		For example, Tom Clarke was born in the Isle of Wight and spent his childhood in South Africa where his father was a British soldier.
		What remains unexplored in the book are the tensions between the Republicanism adopted only by a minority of second and third generation Irish people, and the ‘moderate nationalism’ or indifference expressed by a majority.
	lark.phoblacht.net /liamor15105g.html (1046 words)

	1916 Easter Rising
		In the 20th century the Irish language revival movement nurtured it anew - the dream of a free Ireland, owing allegiance to no other authority except her own; a Republic in which the Irish people would resume their rightful heritage as owners and rulers of the land.
		There was an opinion shared by many of the Volunteers themselves and, on the practical plane, it had much to support it because of the inadequacy of arms and training and the general lack of resources, or of any reliable indications that there would be much popular support for such a drastic venture.
		From the moment when the army of the Irish Republic occupied its ring of posts around the heart of the city - around the heart of the historic nation, it could almost be said - its position was one of defence.
	homepages.iol.ie /~dluby/1916.htm (4314 words)

	Articles - James Connolly (nationalist) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		In 1913, in response to the Lockout, he founded the Irish Citizen Army (ICA), an armed and well-trained body of labour men whose aim was to defend workers and strikers, particularly from the frequent brutality of the Dublin Metropolitan Police.
		Connolly stood aloof from the leadership of the Irish Volunteers.
		This alarmed the members of the Irish Republican Brotherhood, who had already infiltrated the Volunteers and had plans for an insurrection that very year.
	www.gaple.com /articles/James_Connolly_(nationalist) (877 words)

	AMERICAN CONFERENCE for IRISH STUDIES, INC
		Considering the ways that Irishness has become particularly performative and mobile in current culture, this volume will focus on the variety of discursive venues in which it is claimed, enacted and performed.
		This conference encourages graduate students as well as emerging and established scholars of Irish studies to approach the subject of tradition and performance in the context of Ireland and the Irish diaspora.
		In commemoration of the holding of the 38th Annual Meeting of the American Conference for Irish Studies in Limerick in June 2000, the University of Limerick, in association with ACIS, is instituting an annual postgraduate scholarship in Irish Studies open to American-based students and tenable at the University of Limerick.
	www.acisweb.com /archive/NEW00w.html (5013 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Consumed in Freedom's Flame: A Novel of Ireland's Struggle for Freedom 1916-1921 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Set against the Irish struggle against Britain for national freedom during the turbulent years of 1916 to 1921, Cathal Liam's Consumed In Freedom's Flame weaves fact and fiction around the chronology of events surrounding the 1916 Easter Rebellion and the ensuing Irish War of Independence.
		This fact is at its most obvious in their ongoing attempt to understand the seven-day uprising of April 1916 and the ensuing struggle against the British which ultimately led to the Irish Free State, a civil war and formation of the current Ireland.
		While Liam reveals his Irish allegiance, he avoids what would normally be considered partisanship through a stronger desire to explain the origins of the uprising through (his fictional hero Aran Roe) O'Neill.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0970415516?v=glance (1172 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Rebels : The Irish Rising of 1916 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		The success of the book is the care that De Rosa takes to develop his characters, including the ill-fated Casement, the rabble-rousing socialist Connelly, schoolmaster Patrick Pearse, Tom Clarke, and the dozen or so key leaders of the uprising.
		The reader will be spell bound by many of the accounts such as Cathal Brugha's one-man stand against a batallion of British soldiers, and the heart-wrenching final account of the hours leading up to James Connolly's execution having to be tied to a chair due to the severity of his wounds.
		Regardless of your interest in things Irish -- if you believe in liberty and the value of personal sacrifice in the pursuit of liberty, you will be moved by this story.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0449906825?v=glance (1408 words)

	Newswire - Indymedia Ireland
		If you live in south belfast, your experience of belfast, would be totally different to that of people who live, in the new lodge, lower north belfast, shankill and the Falls.
		In a statment the guardian said they were "urgently seeking information on his whereabouts and condition" A story he filed on the 12th of september "Reporters at risk" highlighted the increasingly dangerous situation faced by journalists in Iraq from both the american and the insurgent forces.
		At a lecture jointly organised by Amnesty International Irish Section and The Irish Centre for Human Rights last night (18/10/05) entitled "Into the wilderness: how to escape history in Iraq" in National University of Ireland, Galway, Robert Fisk outlined the state of Iraq at present and his misgivings for a peaceful future there.
	www.indymedia.ie /newswire.php (1809 words)

	Inside the Beltway - Nation/Politics - The Washington Times, America's Newspaper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		If the author sounds familiar, his other books include "The Bushes: Portrait of a Dynasty" and "Reagan's War: The Epic Story of His Forty-Year Struggle and Final Triumph over Communism," which was made into an award-winning documentary in 2004 — not by Mr.
		How eager is one side to cash in on former House Majority Leader Tom DeLay's indictment?
		They're already taking orders for T-shirts with the Texas Republican's police mug shot.
	www.washtimes.com /national/inbeltway.htm (359 words)

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