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Topic: Tom Molineaux

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	The Black Presence in Britain - Black British History - Tom Molineaux
		It was clear, as it is today, that Tom Molineaux, a former slave from Virginia, was world class, one of great skill and courage.
		The Molineaux had a stroke of bad luck, as he fell he hit his head on one of the stakes that held the ring.
		Molineaux retired in Galway, Ireland here he was looked after by the fl bandsmen of the 77th regiment who were stationed there.
	www.blackpresence.co.uk /detail.php?recordID=53 (501 words)

	Tom Molineaux
		Tom Molineaux was born a slave in Virginia in 1784.
		In December, 1810, Molineaux fought Tom Cribb at Copthorne, near East Grinstead, for the heavyweight championship of England.
		Molineaux seemed to disregard the attempts of Blake, and showed himself tolerably conversant in the science, by beating down his adversary's guard with his left hand, and by a tremendous blow with his right levelled Blake.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /SLAmolineaux.htm (1220 words)

	IBHOF / Tom Molineaux (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Tom Molineaux was born a slave but fought his way to freedom and ultimately a shot at the heavyweight title.
		Molineaux was trained by Bill Richmond, another freed American slave who became a noteable prize fighter in England.
		Molineaux won two bouts in England and the ease with which he won quickly lined him up for a title shot against British heavyweight champion Tom Crib.
	www.ibhof.com /molineau.htm (281 words)

	Kungfu Magazine: Print Friendly Feature
		Tom Molineaux was born a slave, on a plantation in Virginia.
		Tom Sayers was a 5 foot 8 inch tall bricklayer from Brighton, England who fought the early part of his career as a 140 pound middleweight.
		When Tom rushed Old Nat at the beginning of the 60th round, he was met by a left jab to each eye and a wild hook to the ear, which Langham threw with such force, that both men went down.
	ezine.kungfumagazine.com /print.php?article=473 (5806 words)

	The Black Boxers
		Molineaux once more claimed the heavyweight championship after defeating Rimmer, and Cribb came to his country's rescue by agreeing to fight Molineaux again.
		Molineaux died on August 4, 1818, at the age of thirty-four.
		Tom Cribb, still champion, had fought his last battle, and on May 18, 1822, he named Tom Spring as the successor to his throne.
	www.boxing-history.ws /black-boxers (772 words)

	Tom Molineaux - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Born into slavery, Molineaux was trained by his father and boxed with other slaves for the entertainment of the plantation owners.
		Having earned his owner a large sum of money in winnings on bets, Molineaux was granted his freedom, and moved to England where he expected to be able to earn money as a professional boxer.
		A hand coloured etching of Molineaux by Robert Dighton is held in the National Portrait Gallery, and a fictionalised account of Molineaux's boxing career appears in Black Ajax, by George MacDonald Fraser.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tom_Molineaux (259 words)

	Seconds Out
		Tom Molineaux was the other American boxer a slave from West Virginia whom Bill Richmond had trained.
		Tom Molineaux came to England in 1809 and won two bouts before losing to Tom Cribb in 1810.
		A year later in a rematch, Tom Molineaux was knocked out in the 11th round by Tom Cribb.
	www.muhammad-ali-boxing.org.uk /seconds-out.htm (841 words)

	Tom Cribb
		Molineaux, said to be an ancestor of the world light-heavyweight champion of the 1930s, John Henry Lewis, had been born on a plantation belonging to the Molineaux family of Georgetown, Southern Carolina.
		Molineaux was on top in the early stages, closing Cribb's eye, which was big as a goose's eggand until it was lanced by his second Gully.
		Molineaux's flaw seemed to be that he was not sufficiently endowed with either intellect or commonsense.
	weldgen.tripod.com /fighters-of-the-west-country/id8.html (2803 words)

	Was Molineaux robbed against Cribb? - Boxing Forum
		Finally, Molineaux slipped over on the wet slippy floor of the ring and cracked his head on a ring-post, and was not allowed time to recover, and was finally beat a few rounds later.
		Molineaux probably should have won, since he was up against an angry crowd and Cribb's corner blatantly cheated (without Cribb's knowledge--both Molineaux and Cribb were almost beyond consciousness by this point).
		Molineaux was indeed training for the second bout--he foolishly chose not to work on his stamina much, but his technique was vastly improved under Richmond's tutelage.
	www.eastsideboxing.com /forum/showthread.php?t=2714 (2583 words)

	IBHOF / Tom Cribb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		One of the first fighters to actually train for bouts, Tom Cribb is remembered as the master of milling on the retreat, or attacking and then stepping away.
		In 1810, Cribb fought Tom Molineaux, a former American slave and the first fl to fight for a championship.
		Molineaux dominated the early rounds until Cribb—with nose and mouth bleeding and both eyes swollen—turned to body punching.
	www.ibhof.com /cribb.htm (444 words)

	Inspiration For A Fighter - Tom Molineaux
		Tom Molineaux was a fl slave who would have been the first American heavyweight boxing champion of the world hut for a tragic accident.
		Molineaux toiled in the fields on an early Virginia plantation.
		Molineaux sought to emulate the fisticuff reputation of an old and frequent visitor of his master.
	www.lindseywilliams.org /LAL_Archives/Inspiration_For_A_Fighter.htm (605 words)

	Tom Molineaux (1784-1818), American boxer
		Molineaux was born a slave in Georgetown, Virginia and began his career fighting other slaves in bouts organised by plantation owners.
		After a particularly brilliant victory, Molineaux was given his freedom and $500.
		His most famous matches were against the British champion Tom Cribb in 1810 and 1811.
	www.npg.org.uk /live/search/person.asp?LinkID=mp05587 (130 words)

	boxinghistory
		Tom Molineaux (or Molyneaux) was a slave on a Virginia plantation who may have won his freedom because of his fighting skill.
		In a savage rematch a year later, Molineaux suffered a broken jaw in the 10th round and was knocked out in the 11th.
		But his son, Tom, beat "Country McCloskey" (George McChester) in a widely-publicized fight on September 9, 1841, and was accepted as the American heavyweight champion.
	www.geocities.com /mixedcombatfighting/boxinghistory.html (1585 words)

	Black Ajax by George MacDonald Fraser
		In this retelling of the story of Tom Molineaux, it's striking how boxing's seamy template of racial animosities, financial exploitation and pathetic physical ruin isn't just a 20th century story but goes back as far as Regency England, and probably back to the Coliseum.
		Tom Molineaux, ex slave and brawler turned bare knuckle prize fighter, lover and dandy living life to great excess in pre Victorian English high society.
		Molineaux is a horribly misunderstood and manipulated character and the story of his rise and fall is both touching and poignant whilst remaining humourous, gripping and brutal.
	www.book-summary-review.com /Black-Ajax-078670618X.htm (1102 words)

	Amazon.fr : Black Ajax: Livres en anglais: George MacDonald Fraser (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This historical novel is based on the true story of Tom Molineaux, a former slave who won his freedom in a boxing match, then traveled to England, refined his skills, and almost became the first fl champ.
		The main one is that Tom Molineaux, who undoubtedly was a complex, fascinating character, comes across as a stereotype here: a hulk with not many brains but a lot of sex drive.
		He tells the story of Molineaux through a series of narrators: Molineaux's trainer and second; contemporary boxing journalists; Flashman's rakish father, who takes up Tom's cause for a time; his childhood sweetheart; a lascivious footman; and others.
	www.amazon.fr /Black-Ajax-George-MacDonald-Fraser/dp/0002255855 (602 words)

	Tom Molineaux, notable American boxer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Born a slave on a Virginia plantation, Tom Molineaux (1784–1818) fought fellow slaves while plantation owners wagered on the contests.
		After winning one of these matches against a rival, Molineaux was granted his freedom and the sum of $500.
		Molineaux is considered the second notable American boxer, preceded by his Virginia-born trainer, Bill Richmond.
	www.vahistorical.org /molineaux.htm (142 words)

	BookPage Fiction Review: Black Ajax
		In 1810, Molineaux, the "Black Ajax," fought and lost a legendary bout against Britain's champion Tom Cribb; in the re-match in 1811 Cribb again bested Molineaux.
		Molineaux died in 1818, a broken-down, drunken, prize-ring cast-off; his chief claims to fame today are the two celebrated fights with Cribb and the fact that he was the first (and, according to Fraser, perhaps the best) in a long succession of great fl heavyweight boxers.
		Employing a variant of William Faulkner's use of multiple narrators, Fraser gives us the rise and fall of Tom Molineaux through the statements (as recorded by an unidentified interviewer) of 16 witnesses -- real, fictitious, and anonymous.
	www.bookpage.com /9804bp/fiction/black_ajax.html (330 words)

	molineaux
		But there were and are no records to back his claim to the championship, no newspaper accounts detailing his so called championship battles.
		It was said that by the nineteenth round both the fighters faces were unrecognizable, battered to a pulp by bare knuckle blows.
		Molineaux was immortalized by England's balled makers though.
	culturalicons.cna-online.biz /past/pas-tom-molin.htm (478 words)

	Boxing: Hot * Hot * Hot * Boxing on the Net
		Tom Molineaux, born in 1784, and died in 1818, was born a slave.
		Molineaux gained his freedom from slavery when he began boxing other slaves while the plantation owners bet on who would win.
		Molineaux defeated a slave from a rival plantation, and was untimately give his freedom and a sum of $500.
	www.hotboxingnews.com /1899pre.htm (1774 words)

	What If Championship Boxing - 1919 WICB boxing news
		Tom Molineaux was born a in Georgetown, Virginia in 1784.
		Molineaux continued to fight despite the injury and in the 28th round appeared to knock out Cribb.
		Molineaux still remained the favorite to win but unluckily he slipped and hit his head on one of the ring posts.
	www.boxingsim.com /1919_WICB_boxing_news.html (3574 words)

	A Brief History of Boxing
		The next major figure is Tom Cribb who was one of England’s most celebrated champions and won national prominence from his pugilistic feats.
		The next top fl fighter of mention is Tom Molineaux, a heavyweight weighing 185 pounds, enjoyed great success in the British prize ring and twice challenged Tom Cribb, losing in consecutive years in 1810 and 1811.
		In the first match Molineaux was carried out of the ring in the 33rd round and in the second in Cribb knocked him out in 11 rounds.
	coxscorner.tripod.com /briefhistory.html (1480 words)

	Sports
		Tom Molineaux was an African-American boxer who started life as a slave.
		Molineaux won two bouts setting him up for a title shot against British heavyweight champion Tom Crib.
		Oscar Mckinley Charleston was born an American baseball player and manager who was considered by many to be the best all-around ball player in the history of the Negro leagues.
	www.sis.pitt.edu /resources/diversity/naa/sports.html (469 words)

	Ex-Hawk Glenn Honors African-American Heroes
		Molineaux was a freed enslaved man from Virginia who fought for the heavyweight championship of the world in London around the turn of the 19th century.
		If you’re wondering, Molineaux battled Englishman Tom Cribb for 31, 32, possibly 33 rounds (the records are incomplete) and was robbed.
		Most strikingly, during the 19th round of what was a bare-fisted mix of boxing and wrestling, Molineaux pinned Cribb against the ropes for the longest time.
	www.blackathlete.net /artman/publish/printer_1362.shtml (692 words)

	The Freeman Institute Black History Collection -- oldest piece is dated 1567...
		Molineaux won two bouts in England and the ease with which he won quickly lined him up for a title shot against British heavyweight champion Tom Cribb.
		[Molineaux] astonished everyone, not only by his extraordinary power of hitting and his gigantic strength, but also by his acquaintance with the science, which was far greater than any had given him credit for." The two Cribb fights made Molineaux a celebrity in England.
		Known as "Tom Shows" they often featured spectacular effects, notably the death of Little Eva (with the child sometimes hoisted bodily Heavenward with ropes and pulleys) and the pursuit of Eliza and her baby across the ice of the frozen Ohio River.
	www.freemaninstitute.com /Collectmain.htm (10150 words)

	HAWKS: Former Hawk Glenn Launches National Exhibit Tour
		One such hero is Tom Molineaux, a freed enslaved man who won international acclaim when he fought the world Heavyweight Champion Tom Cribb in 1810.
		Molineaux is a central figure in the exhibit, titled From Molineaux to Michael: African Americans in Athletics which will travel to schools, libraries and museums all over the United States.
		From Molineaux to Michael is part of a larger exhibit called the Mike Glenn Collection, which includes artifacts from African American sports icons such as Muhammad Ali, Barry Bonds, Hank Aaron, Florence Griffith Joyner, Jessie Owens and Joe Louis.
	www.nba.com /hawks/news/Glenn_Launches_Tour_121805.html (439 words)

	Mike Glenn Exhibits
		Athletes from various sports will come together in Atlanta on December 17-18, 2006 to celebrate the accomplishments of Tom Molineaux, the first great athlete in American history.
		Molineaux, the Champion of America, fought his way from slavery to international celebrity in 1810 when he competed for the World Heavyweight Title.
		On December 17-18, 2006 Tom Molineaux and many other athletes will be recognized by a gathering of sports luminaries and the unveiling of historical artifacts presented in the Mike Glenn Collection.
	www.mikeglenn.com /events.htm (254 words)

	The First American Championship Prizefight \| Elliott J. Gorn \| OAH Magazine of History
		An American fl and former slave, Tom Molineaux, went to England and twice fought for the championship in 1810 and 1811; Molineaux's name became extremely well known in England (especially since he almost beat the great champion Tom Cribb in their first fight), yet few Americans had heard of him.
		James"Yankee" Sullivan,an Irish immigrant, political strong-arm boy, and New York City saloon keeper who had won a few good matches during the past decade, was about to battle Tom Hyer, a native-born American, also a political "shoulder-hitter," and a butcher by trade with a ferocious reputation as a street fighter.
		There stood Tom Hyer, whom I knew well by sight and reputation, placing a percussion-cap upon the nipple of a pistol which he held in his hand.
	www.oah.org /pubs/magazine/sport/gorn.html (2565 words)

	Famous Fights of the Past
		TOM CRIBB who came out of his retire-
		Tom Blake, better known by the name of
		The fight between Tom Sayers and J.C. Heenan took place at Farnborough in 1860.
	www.boxinggyms.com /news/louis_farr1937/standard_louis1937fights.htm (384 words)

	African Americans in the Sports Arena (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Molineaux was born a slave and came from a family skilled in boxing.
		Tom Molineaux earned his freedom by winning large wagers for his master, Algernon, and by 1809, he too had left America for London, England where he was trained by William Richmond for the London sports arena.
		Molineaux was able to knock down Cribb in the 28th Round but did not win the fight due to an alleged infraction of the rules.
	www.liunet.edu /cwis/cwp/library/aaitsa.htm (14867 words)

	Boxing Betting Information - Price per head Onshore Bookmaker
		The next major figure in boxing history is Tom Cribb who was one of England’s most celebrated champions and won national prominence from his pugilistic feats.
		The next top fl fighter of mention in boxing history is Tom Molineaux, a heavyweight weighing 185 pounds, enjoyed great success in the British prize ring and twice challenged Tom Cribb, losing in consecutive years in 1810 and 1811.
		The first "American Champion" in boxing history was Tom Hyer, whose father Jacob Hyer participated in the first public boxing match under the English prize ring rules in America.
	www.bookemdirect.com /sports-betting/boxing-betting-history2.html (530 words)

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