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Topic: Tombouctou

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	Tombouctou Region - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Tombouctou is the large northern-most region of Mali, comprised mostly of the Southwestern section of the Sahara desert.
		Tombouctou is famous for the semi-mythical city Timbuktu (or as known in French, Tombouctou), synonymous with an elusive, hard-to-reach destination.
		Tombouctou's prominence went into decline after the city was captured by Morocco in 1590.
	www.marylandheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Tombouctou_Region (345 words)

	Tombouctou, Mali or Timbuktu, Mali
		Tombouctou is connected with the Niger River by canals, and the town of Kabara serves as its port.
		In ancient times the region around Tombouctou is said to have been populated by the Songhai, who reputedly migrated to the bend of the Niger from the valley of the Nile in Egypt.
		Tombouctou is still the repository of a number of valuable manuscripts in Arabic, including the Tarik es-Sudan, a history of the Sudan written by the religious scholar Abderrahman Sadi in the 1600s.
	archive.blackvoices.com /research/encarta/tt_585.asp (780 words)

	Tombouctou - Wikipédia
		Tombouctou est une ville située sur le fleuve Niger au Mali.
		Tombouctou est aussi le nom d'une des sept régions qui composent le Mali et le gouverneur de cette région siège dans la ville du même nom.
		Tombouctou a une population estimée à environ 30 000 personnes en 2005.
	fr.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tombouctou (1058 words)

	MSN Encarta - Tombouctou
		Tombouctou was formerly a great commercial entrepôt and an international center of Islamic learning.
		By the early 14th century, when it was incorporated into the ancient empire of Mali, Tombouctou was a leading terminus of trans-Saharan caravans and a distribution point for trade along the upper Niger.
		In 1591 invaders from Morocco captured Tombouctou, and thereafter the city declined, partly because of raids by Bambara, Fulani, and Tuareg and partly because commerce was diverted to other cities.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/refarticle.aspx?refid=761551823 (265 words)

	Tombouctou (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Tombouctou, often called Timbuctu or Timbuktu, is a Tuareg city on the Niger River in the West African country of Mali.
		Today, Tombouctou is one of the seven regions of Mali and the city itself is the residence of the local governor.
		Tombouctou was established as a seasonal camp by the nomadic Tuareg and grew to great wealth because of its key role in trans-Saharan trade in gold, ivory, slaves, salt and other goods.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/tombouctou (415 words)

	The Christian Science Monitor \| csmonitor.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Here we were stuck in Tombouctou (formerly Timbuktu) in 20 degrees C in the middle of the Malian desert.
		Today, Tombouctou is isolated and dusty, having slid into a decline after a devastating sacking in 1591, which was then accelerated by French colonialization at the end of the 19th century.
		Tombouctou is accessible only by barge once a week to Mopti, the nearest town of note several days' journey away.
	www.csmonitor.com /durable/1998/03/11/feat/travel.1.html (1145 words)

	Tourisme et voyages
		Tombouctou, capitale de l'or et du commerce Les cartographes européens du XIVè Siècle mentionnaient déjà ''Tenbuch'', ''Tumbettu'', Timbutu'', vanté par les voyageurs arabes comme un des plus grands centres intellectuels et commerciaux du monde connu.
		Tombouctou devint alors, et pour un siècle, le phare intellectuel d'un empire quatre fois grand comme la France, le Songhoï.
		L'histoire de Tombouctou et peut être celle de toute l'Afrique Noire allait alors basculer.
	www.le-mali.com /omatho/sites1.htm (1176 words)

	Mots Pluriels Salem ould Elhadj
		Tous les battants traditionnels de Tombouctou bien ouvragés sont fabriqués de père en fils par cette famille.
		Les notables de Tombouctou organisent chaque année au quartier Sankoré un concours de chant qui porte le nom de bobbohoumé thiaou.
		Consciente de son art raffiné et de sa brillante civilisation, la ville de Tombouctou, repliée depuis longtemps sur elle-même, a pu jusqu’ici protéger ses valeurs culturelles grâce à son isolement en plein Sahara.
	www.arts.uwa.edu.au /MotsPluriels/MP1299soe.html (5835 words)

	TOMBOUCTOU
		Tombouctou, is situated to the confines south of the Sahara, to the north of the big buckle of Niger.
		In 1591, invaders come from Morocco took Tombouctou, then the city lost his/her/its importance, in part because of raids of the Bambarases, the Peulses and the Touaregses and in part because the trade diverted itself toward of other cities.
		To the XVe and the XVIe siècles, the surface of empire songhaï represented the duplicate of the territory of the modern Mali.
	www.acca21.org.cn /info21/link/cc/25/TBT-eng.htm (3298 words)

	Les villes du Mali : Tombouctou la mystérieuse. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Selon une autre hypothèse, Tombouctou, fondée par des populations songhoï, tire son nom de la cuvette où la ville fut édifiée entre le dunes (Tombouctou signifiant « cavité »).
		Des historiens soutiennent encore que Tombouctou voudrait dire la « petite dune » et serait ainsi nommée du fait des mamelons de sable qui l'entourent.
		En définitive, si mystère il y a à Tombouctou, il résiderait peut-être fort prosaïquement dans une évidence, à savoir que sa réputation de sainteté est contrebalancée par la renommée contraire.
	www.geocities.com /infobamako/sites/tombouc.htm (1245 words)

	Tombouctou
		Like Lhasa or Samarkande, this mythical and former center of the world, which knows as many spellings as ways or means of arriving, is situated at the junction between the camel universe of the north and the pirogheis Niger river to the south; the last wall against desertification.
		But the astonishing scene had neither escaped the policeman nor the governor of the Tombouctou region who immediately stopped the transaction from the second balcony of the German sponsored boat.
		She was standing, solitary and frozen, tiny and fragile, defiant by instinct among immobile lying corpses: life against death.
	www.bikereader.com /contributors/Marthaler/tombouctou.html (723 words)

	Interesting Places - Page 1
		Tombouctou would not have known the splendour it did HAD IT NOT BEEN FOR ITS TWIN CITY TO THE SOUTH Djenne.
		However, Djenne is not a mere duplicate of Tombouctou, in fact it has acquired a character of its own.
		Thus in the Middle Ages there emerged a refined urban civilization of which Es-Sadi author o the Tarikh-es-soudan and native of Timbuktou-wrote “This town is large, flourishing and prosperous; it is rich and blessed and favoured by Heaven”.
	www.maliexpeditions.com /english/info_mali_site2.htm (1210 words)

	CARE - Virtual Field Trip - Mali - Journal Entries
		This, after all, is the legendary "Kingdom of Gold" that reached its apex of glory in the 13th and 14th centuries and made trading and religious cities like Tombouctou famous throughout the world.
		Djenné;, the so-called "twin city" of Tombouctou, is a case in point.
		It is one of the oldest and most majestic of the West African trading towns, a medieval labyrinth of twisting streets and fantastically shaped mud buildings that turn the color of pumpkin in the afternoon sun.
	www.careusa.org /vft/mali/day1.asp (510 words)

	Notes on Documents
		In 1917, Commandant du Région de Tombouctou Alaysse resumed the excavation of a canal from Kabara to Timbuktu using forced labor.
		Drought damaged the millet and rice harvest in the Cercle de Tombouctou in 1930.
		The Cercle de Tombouctou received 330 tons of millet from Mopti, 120 tons of millet from Goundam, 150 tons of millet from San and 200 tons of rice from Gao.
	courses.wcupa.edu /jones/his311/archives/anm/1q362fr.htm (1352 words)

	International Government Navigator
		Sand drifts across the streets of Tombouctou, a city protected for 10 centuries by Al Farouk the White Horse Rider.
		On Dec. 11, Tombouctou Mayor Mohammed Cissé presented the city's Web site at a special preview during the ICT for Development (ICT4Dev) conference in Geneva.
		The setting was a replica of Tombouctou's telecenter established in 1998, and in attendance were UN Volunteers who helped build the Web site and train city staff, including Mayor Cissé.
	www.centerdigitalgov.com /international/story.php?docid=82516 (812 words)

	Au Mali, découvrez Tombouctou, Djenné, le pays Dogon, et le fleuve Niger en voyage avec SAGA TOURS
		Tombouctou fut un centre intéllectuel islamique reconnu dans le monde entier, aussi bien qu'un centre commercial de premier ordre, avec ses nombreuses caravanes de sel (azalaïs) et d'étoffes provenant du Nord, et de l'or et des esclaves provenant du Sud.
		Tombouctou est le point de départ des sorties au désert à dos de chameau ou en véhicule 4x4, pour visiter des villages touaregs.
		Djenné;, ville-jumelle de Tombouctou à l'époque de leur gloire, a toujours conservé son ambiance d'antan, avec ses maisons en argile tout au long de ses anciennes ruelles.
	www.sagatours.com /au_mali.html (701 words)

	They spell it “Tombouctou”
		She is up to the task, though; and it was comforting to see a friendly face in a foreign capital.
		The self-appointed guides and promoters of Tombouctou were waiting for us on the tarmac as we made our way down the stairs from the plane.
		Shekaagou offered us the only remaining available option: one of us on the back of his motorcycle and the other on that of his friend's, no helmet for driver or passenger, as we clung to the drivers around their waists, festooned as we were with our packs and other possessions.
	www.jaydavidson.com /peace_corps/pc_TheyspellitTombouctou.htm (4656 words)

	Special Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The fourth day of the rally took the race into what was supposed to be the longest 658 km SS of the "Dakar-Agades-Dakar" rally which goals in Tombouctou.
		Once into the special stage, the roads were narrow and twisty, but as the entrants head towards Tombouctou, the roads became wider, with heavier traffic and signs of village life.
		At the bivouac point established in the airport of Tombouctou, Team Ranger HINO rendezvoused with the air-borne mechanics for the first time in 3 days.
	www.hino.co.jp /e/special/rally/1_0076.html (676 words)

	The Yak Site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Like Lhasa or Samarkande, this mythical and former center of the world (which knows as many spellings as ways or means of arriving), is situated at the junction between the camel universe of the north and the pirogheis Niger river to the south - the last wall against desertification.
		Children had better things to do, curious, quick and supple, they were like fish in the Niger river, swimming astuciously through the constant movement of people and goods.
		But African lethargy, which was all but a legend like Tombouctou, needed much more to be disturbed - I was desperately wondering what.
	www.redfish.com /Yak/email08.22.00.htm (733 words)

	Special Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The course was full of variety; first twisty roads with large rock formations, then flat plains with camel grass, and into a bumpy dirt desert.
		The last 100km into Tombouctou -- the town where the course for the first half and the last half cross--had sand dunes with patches of grass.
		J.P. The course on day 12 taking the rally from Kidal where air-borne mechanics were banned, into Tombouctou where the parts depot is located and where the rally stopped on its first half, turned out to be speedier than the previous day, with plenty of camel grass.
	www.hino.co.jp /e/special/rally/1_00713.html (607 words)

	TOMBOUCTOU THE MYSTERIOUS CITY OF MALI, WEST AFRICA
		Located near the river Niger and at the terminus of the great trans-Saharan caravan route, Tombouctou became fabulously wealthy in the 13th to 15 centuries.
		Loaded with blocks of salt and other trade goods, huge convoys of camels would spend weeks crossing the unforgiving Sahara to reach Tombouctou.
		It was here that salt was traded pound for pound with African merchants bringing gold and ivory along the Niger from the heart of Africa.
	www.africa-ata.org /tombouctou.htm (241 words)

	Timbuktu
		Timbuktu, also spelled TOMBOUCTOU, is a city in the West African nation of Mali.
		It is historically important as a post on the trans-Saharan caravan route.
		Islamic learning survives among a handful of aging scholars, and a Lyc e Franco-Arabe teaches Arabic to the younger generation.
	fp.thesalmons.org /lynn/wh-timbuktu.html (523 words)

	KaFkaïens n°17 - Tombouctou n'existe pas
		La Tombouctou des hommes qui y vivent n'est pas celle que j'imaginais.
		La Tombouctou des hommes est une ville perdue, mais une ville vivante.
		Tombouctou, c'est avant tout la piste qui y mène.
	www.kafkaiens.org /17kaf/tombou17.htm (432 words)

	The Jim Carroll Website: Books: The Basketball Diaries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Tombouctou edition (1978) features a fl and white photograph of Carroll by Rosemary Klemfuss/Carroll; this edition also features illustrations from clay sculptures by Marc Blane, a four-page introduction by Tom Clark entitled "Rimbaud Rambles On: By Way of a Preface to The Diaries," and an author's note by Carroll.
		The 1987 Penguin edition has the same cover photograph as the Tombouctou edition, but it is colorized.
		The 1987 Faber and Faber edition (not shown) is available only in the UK; it reprints The Basketball Diaries and prose works from The Book of Nods in one paperback volume.
	www.catholicboy.com /catholicboy.com-asp/bd1.asp (313 words)

	www.tombouctou.org.ml
		Le télécentre de Tombouctou a enregistré plus de 2 000 visites depuis son ouverture en mai 1998.
		Comme la plupart de ses administrés, Ibrahim Mohamed, le maire de Tombouctou (30 000 habitants), voit d’abord dans le TCP un formidable réservoir de connaissances, nécessaires pour re-dynamiser le tissu socio-économique moribond de la région.
		Pour réunir les 50 000 dollars nécessaires, la mairie a organisé diverses manifestations (gala de l’Association des ressortissants et sympathisants de Tombouctou, semaine culturelle) et demandé à la population de mettre la main à la poche.
	www.unesco.org /courier/2000_03/fr/connex/txt2.htm (1453 words)

	Tombouctou (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Tombouctou, often called Timbuctu or Timbuktu, is a city on the Niger River in the West African country of Mali.
		Combined with its relative inaccessibility, "Timbuctu" has come to be used as a metaphor for exotic, distant lands.
		The decline was hastened when it was captured by Moroccan mercenaries in 1591.
	portaljuice.com /tombouctou.html (315 words)

	Le Mali en 1999 (Tombouctou)
		A son apogée, sous la Dynastie Askia de l'Empire Songhaï (1468 - 1591), Tombouctou était un centre rayonnant de la culture Islamique et un important marché où on faisait le commerce de l'or et des esclaves du Sud contre le sel, les étoffes et les chevaux du Nord.
		Tombouctou ne s'est jamais remise de l'invasion Marocaine en 1591, à; la suite de laquelle elle a perdu le contrôle du commerce qui l'avait rendu prospère.
		Tombouctou a été fondée autour 1100 après JC par des nomades Touaregs qui ont choisi de s'installer ici à cause de puits semblables à celui-ci, vu du toit de l'Hôtel Bouctou.
	berclo.net /page99/99fr-mali-2.html (1169 words)

	Feature
		And in fact, the governor later tells me that he figures Hmmma is as much in charge of Tombouctou as he is. He isn't entirely kidding.
		Since he can't use the keyboard yet, I will do the typing: "I want to become the most famous guide in Tombouctou, learning English from the people who come and not by going to school.
		With pirogues with engines, and we can reach Tombouctou and then we can go to the village of Handoubomou where the market is every Saturday...
	www.wired.com /wired/archive/6.01/barlow.html?pg=9 (862 words)

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