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Topic: Tonalpohualli

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	CalendarHome.com - Aztec calendar - Calendar Encyclopedia
		This period of 260 days constituted the divinatory or ritual calendar, known as tonalpohualli.
		The tonalpohualli was subdivided in various ways; in some manuscripts (known as 'tonalamatl' or 'book of days') each of the twenty 13-day periods, or weeks, is shown separately, together with the figure of a god who was especially associated with the first day, but whose influence was supposed to extend over the whole "week".
		In some manuscripts the tonalpohualli is arranged on a different system: in five long horizontal rows of 52 days each.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /Aztec_calendar.htm (343 words)

	Feature Story: Misteries of the Aztec Calendar
		The symbolism of the tonalpohualli is a prediction of the favourable and unfavourable days of the year, making this divinatory calendar the most important calendar in Aztec life.
		Therefore, the concept behind the tonalpohualli is similar to an ancient equivalent of the horoscope section of daily newspapers.
		Although the xíhuítl and the tonalpohualli are both interesting and important facets of the Calendar, the Aztec Calendar is probably best-known for its centrally-located figures, which illustrate and prophesize the evolutionary cycle of the Aztec world: when the Aztec world began, how it endured and how it would end.
	www.pacificpearl.com /archive/2000/march/feature1.htm (1299 words)

	tonalpohualli -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		His destiny was submitted to the all-powerful tonalpohualli (the calendrical round); his life in the other world did not result from any moral judgment.
		Tonalpohualli, an Aztec term meaning “the count of days,” was the name of the ritual calendar of 260 days.
		The ritual day cycle was called tonalpohualli and was formed, as was the Mayan Tzolkin, by the concurrence of a cycle of numerals 1 through 13 with a cycle of 20 day names, many of them similar to the day names of the Maya.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9072850 (458 words)

	Aztec Religion
		The second calendar, the "Tonalpohualli", was a specific religious calendar.
		The structure of the calendar was based on a combination of number and sign system that determied the fate of everyone depending on the date of their birth.
		The Xihuitl and the Tonalpohualli were combined forming a third calendar that was named Xiuhmolpilli (a bundle of years).
	philtar.ucsm.ac.uk /encyclopedia/latam/aztec.html (959 words)

	Aztec Calendar: Introduction to the Aztec Calendar
		In Nahuatl, the language of the Aztecs, it is called the tonalpohualli or, in English, the day-count.
		The tonalpohualli, or day-count, has been called a sacred calendar because its main purpose is that of a divinatory tool.
		The system of the tonalpohualli can be best understood by imagining two wheels that are connected to each other.
	www.azteccalendar.com /introduction-to-the-aztec-calendar.html (543 words)

	The Aztecs - by Lewis Ingram (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The first calendar, the "Xihuitl", or natural year calendar, lasted 365 days and was used to measure the agricultural year and helped them perform their rituals to their various gods.
		The second calendar, the "Tonalpohualli", which lasted 260 days was a specific religious calendar.
		The calendar was structured by a combination of numbers and signs that determied the fate of everyone depending on their date of their birth.
	www.silvervizion.com /lewis/aztecs/content/religion/aztecbeliefs.htm (316 words)

	Aztec Calenders
		In Nahuati, the language of the Aztec’s is called tonalpohualli or, in English, the day count.
		The tonalpohualli, is referred to as the “sacred” calendar, because of its main purpose of divinatory tool.
		The best way to think about reading a tonalpohualli is to think of two wheels, one with numbers one through thirteen and the other wheel with twenty symbols on it.
	www.geocities.com /destiny13ch/aztecs.html (526 words)

	[No title]
		They are representative of the Toltec culture, and are meant to be used as a tool that would place the wisdom of the Toltec people in the hands of the modern reader, to allow them to see and feel how and where it would work in their lives.
		In his presentation on the Tonalpohualli Cards Sanchez talks about the imagery on the card and what it means; the general meaning for the card; and a specific meaning, along with suggested questions and activities, for each of the four quadrants.
		The face of the Tonalpohualli Cards has a tri-colored border, with the number and name of the card (in Toltec and English) across the bottom in fl letters on a beige background.
	www.angelfire.com /nm/spiritualwarrier/index.663.html (2151 words)

	Aztec and Mayan Calendars - Unexplained - IN SEARCH FOR TRUTH - RIN.RU
		The tonalpohualli was the 'counting of days.' It originated by ancient peoples observing that the sun, crossed a certain zenith point near the Mayan city of Copan, every 260 days.
		The tonalpohualli (count of days) was the sacred almanac of the Mexicas.
		This ritual calendar was registered in the tonalamatl (book of days), a green-fold bark paper or deerskin codex from which a priest (called tonalpouque) cast horoscopes and predicated favorable and unfavorable days of the cycle.
	istina.rin.ru /eng/ufo/text/275.html (1540 words)

	project2ab (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The tonalpohualli was the "counting of days" and was the primary calendar used by priests to determine which days were most prosperous for activities such as sowing crops, building houses, and going to war.
		These days were considered "days of nothing" and were used by the people as a time of celebration into the transition of a new year (also at this time priests performed sacrifices to the gods, typically human but sometime animal and fruit as well).
		The Aztec's were very intelligent astronomically; they used the position of the sun and the stars to create the calendars used for everyday living.
	www.geocities.com /methos1551/project2ab.html (687 words)

	AncientScripts.com: Aztec
		The tonalpohualli is essentially two parallel and interlocking cycles, one of 20 days (represented by "day signs"), and one of 13 days (represented by numbers called "coefficients").
		A date in the tonalpohualli is composed of a day sign and and a coefficient.
		A year in the Calendar Round was named by the tonalpohualli name of last day of the last month in the xiuhpohualli for that year.
	www.ancientscripts.com /aztec.html (1871 words)

	The Aztec Gateway (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Tonalpohualli is the sacred and divinatory calendar of the Aztecs.
		The easiest way to understand how the Tonalpohualli functions is to imagine it as two wheels that turn next to each other like gears, one wheel for the day signs and one for the numbers.
		Although the Tonalpohualli and the solar year run separately, the solar years are given the name of the Tonalpohualli date on which the first day of the year falls.
	www.amoxtli.org /cuezali/tonal.html (671 words)

	Aztec Mythology: The Aztec Calender (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Tonalpohualli: The sacred calendar, the tonalpohualli divides the year and assigns each segment to be ruled over by a certain god.
		Like the tradition of sacrifice, this calendar is another way for humans to do their part to prevent the universe from being destroyed.
		The tonalpohualli is a 260-day calendar, divided into twenty months, called trecenas, of thirteen days.
	www.hfac.uh.edu /courses/engl3396/jtchris2/calendar.htm (187 words)

	Calendars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In the Aztec Day Count, Tonalpohualli is made up using the twenty signs of the days repeated twenty times.
		The number thirteen (8 + 5), the common factor in the cosmos of the ancient Mexicans, comes from the planetary equation of eight Solar years, which is the equivalent of five synodic -sr- revolutions of Venus (365 X 8 and 584 X 5 = 2920).
		The 20-day calendar was called Tonalpohualli by the Aztecs and Tzolkin by the Maya, and it correlates the synodic -rs- revolutions of the Moon and some of the planets.
	www.tonalpohualli.com.mx /cal2e.html (392 words)

	Humanities 7 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The famous Aztec monument is found in Mexico, the Piedra del Sol which means the Stone of the Sun.
		The Aztec civilization was so modern that they developed the Aztec calendar, consisting of two main systems: the Xiuhpohualli, a 365-day calendar and the Tonalpohualli, a 260-day ritual cycle.
		Every 52 years the Xiuhpohualli and Tonalpohualli would align, causing the same sign to line up with the same number as the name of the year.
	student.santarosa.edu /~gsamuels/HUMAN7/homework/04.html (616 words)

	388 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Pace it round in near an hour, counting half as many as the Brujo's sacred cycle Xiuhmolpilli (halve not the Tonalpohualli).
		Tonalpohualli) (calendar year of 260 days also 20 periods of 13 days).
		Priests used the calendar to determine luck days for such activities as sowing crops, building houses, and going to war.
	home1.gte.net /res1rpgo/388.HTM (640 words)

	Mexica Uprising - In Support of World Wide Indigenous Revolution
		Within each frame, two tonalpohualli (ritual calendar) days are specified, as well as a third day that identifies the particular 365-day year in which the two days fall.
		Even the eclipses of the Sun they chose for temporal markers had to fall on special days of the tonalpohualli; whether or not these eclipses were spectacular by our criteria mattered less.
		For example, if we look at the early- to mid-sixteenth-century manuscript known as the Codex Telleriano-Remensis, we find that an eclipse that took place on the afternoon of August 8, 1496, is depicted just about as it happened, with the still partially eclipsed solar disk plunging into the mountainous horizon west of Tenochtitlan.
	www.mexicauprising.net /mexicaastronomy.html (2545 words)

	Mesoamerican Codices in the University Libraries
		Generally considered to be among the finest specimens of precolumbian art, this manuscript is the most important, detailed, and complex pictorial source extant for the study of Central Mexican gods, ritual, divination, calendar, religion, and iconography.
		Most of the 28 sections are devoted to different aspects of the tonalpohualli, the Mesoamerican 260-day divinatory period.
		The 28 identifiable sections of the manuscript treat specific aspects of the tonalpohualli such as the 5 x 52 and 20 x 13 days and their associated deities as well as various series of gods, world directions, and so forth.
	library.albany.edu /subject/codices.htm (4082 words)

	The Highland Mexican 260 Day Calendar
		In Nahaut, the 260-day calendar is referred to as the tonalpohualli.
		Almanacs of the tonalpohualli were frequently arranged in groups of 13 days (trecenas), such that each group would start with the same coefficient, or by 20s (ventanas), in which case each group began with the same day name.
		Some suggest it approximates the human gestation period (and people were often named after their birth day), while others suggest ties to astronomical patterns.
	www.davidson.edu /academic/anthropology/ant356/ant356_tonalpohualli.htm (151 words)

	ENDORSEMENTS FOR THE TOLTEC ORAC
		There are two sets of cards in The Toltec Oracle: the Tonalpohualli Cards and the Ruler Cards.
		The Tonalpohualli Cards coincide with the twenty day signs of the Toltec Calendar, and reflect the archetypal life situations we experience.
		For the latter spread, four cards are chosen from the Tonalpohualli Cards to go into the four quadrants, and one card is chosen from the Ruler Cards to go in the center.
	www.toltecas.com /endorsementsTTO.htm (3334 words)

	The Aztec Gateway (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Yes and no. The Aztecs had two names: a day name, assigned by the date they were born under in accordance with the tonalpohualli, and a personal name.
		Yet another reason is that the number of the day is generally considered just as influential as the daysign name, as it denotes the Lord of the Day, Lord of the Night, and "Bird" of the Day.
		My guess then, is that the tonalpohualli would be consulted in tandem with any signs or omens already surrounding your life, and that animals that are symbolically connected to the ruling forces of your date of birth may be considered.
	www.amoxtli.org /cuezali/faq.html (2906 words)

	Detail Page
		This table shows the Tonalpohualli ("count of days"), the Aztec religious calendar.
		At the end of the 260-day period, the Tonalpohualli begins again.
		Chart Citation: "The Tonalpohualli." In Bunson, Margaret and Stephen M. Bunson.
	www.fofweb.com /Onfiles/Ancient/AncientDetail.asp?iPin=mes009 (216 words)

	Feature Story: Mysteries of the Aztec Calendar part II
		Both calendars demonstrate the complex system of religion, balance and cycles that the Aztecs lived by to explain and interpret their world.
		Although the xíhuítl and the tonalpohualli are both interesting and important facets of the Calendar, the Aztec Calendar is probably best-known for its centrally-located figures, which illustrate and prophesize the evolutionary cycle of the Aztec world: when the world began, how it endured and how it would end.
		In the center of the Calendar is a round face surrounded by four prominent squares.
	www.pacificpearl.com /archive/2000/april/feature1_new.htm (1060 words)

	[No title]
		Graulich argues that the calendar was originally in phase with the seasons of the year - particular the rainy and the dry seasons - because it developed to aid cultivators in organizing their labor.
		In Ritos, Graulich argues that the tonalpohualli was organized according to clearly marked rainy and dry seasons, and he believes that the calendar year started with Ochpaniztli, the first month of the wet season.
		According to earlier reckoning, north was the spatial equivalent of noon and the summer solstice on the grounds that the Aztecs saw the earth from the point of view of the sun in their geocentric conception of the universe.
	www.ipfw.edu /soca/Nahua34.html (9410 words)

	Aztec (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		- The tonalpohualli, or day-count, has been called a sacred calendar because its main purpose is that of a divinatory tool
		- The tonalpohualli tells us how time is divided among the gods.
		A day (tonalli) in the tonalpohualli consists of a number and a symbol or daysign.
	personal.monm.edu /nkyriaze/aztec.htm (418 words)

	calendar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Where as the " Sacred calendar" or Tonalpohualli.
		This calendar counted by weeks and could only be read by priests who had studied astrology.
		That priest would be able to detect lucky and unlucky days.
	www.lincoln.smmusd.org /students/aztec_inca_maya/2000/rhodes/5-6/aztec56/calendarweb/calendar.htm (181 words)

	Untitled Document
		Karl Nowotny (n.d.:354) first coined the term in extenso to describe the introductory eight-page almanacs of the Borgia, Cospi, and Vaticanus B codices, which list in sequence all of the day signs in the 260-day Mixteca-Puebla analog to the Maya tzolkin.
		While the overall proportions of in extenso almanacs are identical to the standard Maya template, they present the tonalpohualli itself, consistently beginning with the ritual calendar’s first day, 1 Crocodile (cognate with 1 Imix in the Maya system).
		The in extenso format, through its comprehensive, grid-like structure, coordinates all of these subgroupings of the tonalpohualli, facilitating the synthetic analysis of multiple mathematical patterns as inherent qualities of the ritual calendar.
	www.traditionalhighcultures.com /JustMayaBorgia.htm (6118 words)

	The functions of the calendar and the cosmography in the nahuas alphabetic texts and codices of 16th century
		The calendar system, besides of been used as a way to organize and to classify the reality, it was also used by the nahuas as organizational principle in the pictographic compositions about fate and its predictions, festivals and offerings, cosmogony and recent history.
		Based on this hypothesis, we will show one of the tonalpohualli functions in three nahua codices.
		After, we will argue that the tonalpohualli organizational function had been sustained, combined with alphabetical structures and conceptions or fully abandoned in the pictographic manuscripts of 16
	www.essex.ac.uk /conferences/fourthworld/NatalinoAbstract.htm (115 words)

	FAMSI - John Pohl's Mesoamerica - The Borgia Group
		One of the five principal divinatory almanacs of the Borgia Group, most of its eleven sections are assigned to particular aspects of the tonalpohualli, the 260 day cycle of auguries.
		Like Laud, it shares some features with Codex Borgia but it also illustrates a unique diagrammatic scheme of the four world directions organized as a cross surrounding a sacred center.
		The days of the tonalpohualli are assigned to the directions and each division is presided over by a pair of gods, sacred trees, birds and other significant icons.
	www.famsi.org /research/pohl/pohl_borgia1.html (473 words)

	The Center -Events - Latin Pride 2005 -Logo Aztec Calendar - Latin Pride logo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Aztec calendar is actually two: the Xiupohualli or the count of the days and the Tonalpohualli or the count of destiny.
		In addition to the count of the days, it also has astronomical data like the phases of the moon and Venus and the years of Mercury and Mars.
		El calendario Azteca es realmente son dos: el Xiupohualli o la cuenta de los días y el Tonalpohualli o la cuenta del destino.
	www.thecentersd.org /latinpride_azteclogo.asp (410 words)

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