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Topic: Floating tone

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	Tone sandhi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tone sandhi refers to tone manipulation rules governing the pronunciation of tonal languages.
		In Mandarin Chinese, the most common tone sandhi rule is that the leading syllable in a set of two third-tone syllables is raised to the second tone.
		Tone sandhi in Hakka is more complex; in Southern Min, more complex still, with the most complex systems found in Wu and Jin.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tone_sandhi (245 words)

	Tone (linguistics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It could be argued either that the tone is incidental to the phonation, in which case Burmese would not be phonemically tonal, or that the phonation is incidental to the tone, in which case it would be considered tonal.
		Tone is frequently an areal rather than a genetic feature: that is, a language may acquire tones through bilingualism if influential neighboring languages are tonal, or if speakers of a tonal language switch to the language in question.
		As a result, when one combines tone with sentence prosody, the absolute pitch of a high tone at the end of a clause may be lower than that of a low tone at the beginning, because average pitch tends to decrease with time in a process called downdrift.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tone_(linguistics) (3071 words)

	[No title]
		For the tone pattern in (7.19), it is assumed that the first floating H is deleted and the second floating H is parsed to the final syllable of the first stem, assuming the representations in (7.21aÐb): Alternatively, one could argue that the first floating H is retained.
		However, the phenomenon in compounds differs from that in phrases in that a floating H on the second stem is parsed to the final syllable of the first stem regardless of the types of the tones on the first stem.
		In the Compound Tone System, a floating H on the second stem is parsed to the final syllable of the first stem, regardless of the tonal classes of the first stem.
	roa.rutgers.edu /files/186-0497/roa-186-kim-4.doc (15345 words)

	SILEWP 1997-007
		Floating tones are ones that are a part of the representation of a particular morpheme, but are not associated with or linked to any of the TBUs of that morpheme.
		If the direction is to the left, then (i) associate the rightmost tone to the right edge of the domain; (ii) associate the leftmost tone to the left edge of the domain (if possible); and (iii) associate all remaining unassociated tones right-to-left beginning to the immediate left of the first tone (18a).
		In (32) any word final floating (register) h tone is linked to the left whenever the current morpheme is marked as being a potential recipient of such an h tone and when the tone pattern of the word consists solely of such a floating h tone.
	www.sil.org /silewp/1997/007/silewp1997-007.html (6665 words)

	Re: What causes the floating sensation felt after an isometric exercise?
		Muscle tone is regulated largely on an unconscious level — We would constantly be falling over if we had to actually think about how to keep ourselves in the balance sitting, standing up, or running — the unconscious regulation of the tone in our leg and spinal column muscles takes care of that.
		Tone is also present in the muscles that you would ordinarily consider to be completely unemployed“ — for example, the muscles in your arm when the arm hangs freely from the shoulder in a relaxed position.
		I think your floating“ sensation resulted form the fact that after those strenuous 30 s, your general muscle tone was very high, especially in the muscles that actually took part in the exercise.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/2005-04/1112647180.An.r.html (741 words)

	Njaama Tone
		Three things happen: (1) First, a low tone is inserted by default into the world mula, giving the whole word low vowels; (2) the pitchless prefix wa- is attached; and then (3) since all vowels must have a pitch, the nearest pitch spreads, that pitch being the low tone on the u vowel in mula.
		Hostility aside, though, the definition of upstep is, shall we say, the phenomenon which occurs when two L tones which are associated with two separate tone bearing units (e.g., vowels) are separated, on the tonal tier, by a H tone which is associated with nothing (i.e., it's floating).
		As a result, that floating H tone does one of three things: (1) Disappears, due to the OCP (two identical tones next to each other collapse into one tone on the tonal tier); (2) causes upstep; or (3) attaches (provided there's an empty tone bearing unit to attach to).
	dedalvs.free.fr /njaama/tone.html (2434 words)

	Single Channel AM Experiments
		Since the tones are moving equidistantly away from the CF their amplitudes are reducing at the same level, so we are basically seeing the filter curve for each of the three channels.
		In the region when the tone difference is within +/-0.1 of the CF the IF is pulled away from CF as the floating tone moves further away from the fixed tone.
		Beyond the first region the floating tone's amplitude is reduced to such a level that the fixed tone starts to pull the IF back to the CF.
	perso.wanadoo.fr /goslin/jeremygoslin.info/resources/am/singchan.htm (1419 words)

	SSILA 2004 Abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Many underlyingly low-toned verb roots have a rising tone and many falling_toned verbs have a high tone in the potential form.
		For example, a low-toned verb which is affected by the floating high tone will take a surface rising tone while a different low_toned root will maintain a level "low" tone but with higher pitch.
		There are morphological differences (chiefly issues of transitivity) that separate verbs which are affected by the floating high tone in the first way from those which maintain their underlying tone category but with upstepped pitch.
	wings.buffalo.edu /linguistics/ssila/meetings/SSILA04/abstracts/azcona.htm (249 words)

	1
		Tone: we can find many evidence for AP in tonology, indicating that there are indeed two separate tiers: tonal tiers and segmental tiers.
		If the tone pattern is phonological separate from the consonant and vowel segments, we can capture the fact that a given melody is realized on each class of words regardless of the number the segments present.
		Downstep: indicates a situation in which a high tone has a downdrifted phonetic value but there is, at least on the surface, no preceding low tone to mark the division from the preceding high, which is articulated at the normal value.
	www.msu.edu /~machunhu/phonolgoy.htm (11182 words)

	Dissertation Details
		Konni has two basic levels of tone, along with a downstep feature, which is analyzed as a floating Low tone.
		I conclude that nouns with a surface tone of LH may have one of four underlying tone patterns.
		The associative morpheme is purely tonal, consisting of a floating High tone which associates to the rightward, head noun.
	www.ling.ohio-state.edu /publications/dissertations/detail.php?item_number=CAHILL-1999 (726 words)

	ST0 - Meter Basics: In depth data.TA action, sensitivity, needle; basic reads, what they mean. Coaching Meter drills. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Tone Arm may go from 3.0 to 2.0 and later to 1.5, then 1.0 and then make the 'jump around' to 6.0; Onto 5.0, 4.0 and finally to 3.0 (for males) and 2.0 (for females).
		Of course you adjust the Tone Arm to keep the needle on the dial and near the 'set' position so you are still keeping an eye on the needle to do that.
		Floating needle (F/N) A floating needle is a harmonic motion over the dial at a slow, even pace of the needle.
	freezoneamerica.org /Clearbird/MeterCourse2004/manual/02meter2.htm (7009 words)

	PAME (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		It is propossed that possessor and subject inflection is marked by floating tones.
		Second person is associated to a High floating tone (+H), whereas First, and Third are associated to Low tone (-H).
		The floating tones are suffixed to the underlying tone of the bases from right to left.
	www.humnet.ucla.edu /humnet/linguistics/people/grads/havelino/PAME.html (439 words)

	LINGUIST List 5.566: Tone change
		Also, the relationship between tone and vowels has been explored to some degree for isolated languages, such as Foochow (Fwujou, Fu2-zhou1, etc.), which has been studied by Marjorie Chan (see her PhD from the University of Washington, 1987?) and dialects spoken near Shining (Xi1-ning2, etc.), studied by Liou Shiun'ning.
		Tone and Accent in Xhosa (with Karen Peterson and Joseph Drogo).
		During the phonetics/phonology portion of the course, the instructor mentioned that the historical development of tones may have been influenced by the re-interpretation of ancient voicing contrasts in syllable-initial stop consonants.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/5/5-566.html (1715 words)

	Port of Aden - Services & Facilities
		These berths are equipped with two 40 tones capacity Liebherr shore gantry cranes (1993 and 1995), Panamax capable with a 38 meters outreach (50 tones under the hook for heavy lifts).
		The berths are equipped with four 40 tones capacity (under the spreader) Reggiani super post-Panamax shore gantry cranes (1999), with a 52 meters outreach from the quay wall.
		The total area of the fisheries port is 8.5 hectares, with a wharf length of 550 meters, along with three gantry cranes of 5 and 10/20 tones run.
	www.portofaden.com /Services.htm (1498 words)

	[No title]
		The Tone Scale is in actuality the perception of a series of sensations that occur between a point A to point B energy in motion phenomena.
		As a being descends lower on the tone scale, the effort to impulse the life force particles become harder and the resistance is greater.
		By accurately observing the tone level of the being, identity, game, or environment you are a part of, it is easy to observe the amounts of By-Passed Charge that needs to be handled.
	www.lightlink.com /archives/acw/acw29.memo (2109 words)

	Contrastive tone in Kalam Kohistani (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		If there is tone in a language, chances are that the different tones are contrastive, that is, that they may be used as the sole distinction between different words or grammatical elements.
		However, how the tone or tones of a melody associate with the vowels within a morpheme (that is, which vowel bears which tone) is predictable and can be accounted for by a rule.
		The two falling tones are distinct in that one involves pitch falling from relatively high to relatively low within the word, while the other tone involves relatively high pitch on the word itself, falling to relatively low on the first syllable of the next word.
	journals.dartmouth.edu /webobjbin/WebObjects/Journals.woa/2/xmlpage/1/article/265?htmlOnce=yes (5057 words)

	Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The main part of the paper is a treatment of some basic features of tone and local tonal sandhi processes.
		In addition, tone has a grammatical function, so far attested in two domains: locative marking by tone, and in the verbal system, where contrasts between tense/aspect forms and between persons are found, occurring in a non-systematic way.
		the associative suffix -(i)?, being realised on a tone opposite the final tone of the noun to which it is suffixed, and in the case of V-final nouns causing additional tonal changes,
	www.ohiou.edu /alta/lojen.htm (208 words)

	Tech Alterations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		That datum is false, it takes 15 divisions of tone arm action per 2 ½ hour session to qualify as being acceptable.
		needle on the dial, in which case you have a floating tone arm.
		A floating needle is a rhythmic sweep of the dial at a slow, even pace
	www.ronsorg.nl /churchalterations/emeter.htm (775 words)

	LINGUIST List 3.374: Swahili, Tone Grammar Summary
		For instance, the phrase "omuka'zi muku'ru" > means 'old woman', but if the H tone on the noun is deleted, "omukazi muku'ru" > means 'eldest wife'.
		Likewise, "embu'zi m'bi" means > 'bad goat', but when it appears in a well-known proverb it's "embuzi m'bi" > -- with the H tone on the noun deleted -- as though in that context > "bad-goat" is a lexical item.
		Orin Gensler at the linguistics department, University of California at Berkeley; a master's thesis on Bakweri tone.
	www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de /linguist/issues/3/3-374.html (563 words)

	FYI
		You see, when you lock the strings down, you are cutting out the vibration of the headstock and the tone you could have received from a piece of bone.
		Now with that said, I have seen some designs of semi floating trems that were better in design, but they don't include the fine tuners which to me is a must.
		And if a guitar doesn't have good tone in the first place, you won't get the tone you are looking for from your pickups or even your amp, EQ, or preamp.
	www.dragonslayer.us /Html/FYI.htm (3263 words)

	Words in Mawu
		Logically, a final floating low tone should be able to affect the pitch pattern of the preceding vowel in /si/ H(L), producing a falling tone.
		The final high tone is associated with the last vowel of the word, and the initial low tone is associated with the first vowel of the word.
		It is clear that a single theory of tone and accent should be able to encompass both the Mawu and the Japanese systems, since the facts, in a slightly abstracted form, are essentially the same in both cases.
	www.ling.upenn.edu /courses/Fall_1998/ling001/mawu/node2.html (8641 words)

	Boston.com / News / Boston Globe / Living / Arts / Pappano gets a new BSO welcome with his 20th-century choices
		Jacques Zoon used to play this famous solo in full adult awareness of its erotic potential; Ostling's way was to offer it with luminous purity, innocent of the effect it might have on others.
		Written "in memory of an angel," the teenaged daughter of Alma Mahler Gropius and the architect Walter Gropius, the work is elegiac in tone; a Bach chorale poignantly intersects with Berg's tone row.
		In this piece he must meditate, characterize, and console, and he did all three with lustrous, varied tone and open, compelling emotion.
	www.boston.com /news/globe/living/articles/2004/01/23/pappano_gets_a_new_bso_welcome_with_his_20th_century_choices?mode=PF (630 words)

	Linden Clock Gallery - Glass Clock Series.
		Brushed silverton case complements floating goldtone Roman chapter ring.
		Stacked mineral glass table/desk clock with floating Roman dial and brushed silvertone bezel.
		Dramatic triangular-shape mineral glass clock with floating silvertone dial and double-tier glass base.
	www.abama-specialty-shops.com /w002a013.htm (260 words)

	Banjo Pages
		The 1923 catalog included a comprehensive description of Gibson's Mastertone Rim Construction which featured "...a floating head which is obtained through the use of a non-friction, full floating tone tube in place of the usual rigid bearing band and ball bearing contact at twenty points...".
		Second, the tube style tone ring was made of a single 1/2, drilled tube.
		The Tension Tube allowed for bracketless construction of the rim and even tension against the rim shoulder --- essentially this is the tube of the later tube and plate flange construction.
	home.cfl.rr.com /tbiggs/Catalog/Catalog_1/catalog_1.html (721 words)

	Spatial Glacial Nebulous (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Eschewing the choral effects, Roberts blends a flute-like sound with serene tones and washes and what almost sounds like a very lower register didgeridoo.
		"Lake of Dreams" is probably the most minimal track, opening with a single floating tone which slowly evolves to include a few other spacy textures in the service of a serene sonic portrait of a land drenched in perpetual twilight (this song reminds me somewhat of sometime Zero Ohms' collaborator Brannan Lane's recording Sleep Cycle).
		As such, my comments are less indicative of the album's merits (which are considerable if you are into spacemusic of a floating nature or minimal ambient drone/textural pieces) and more an evaluation based on taste.
	www.windandwire.com /july04/spatial_glacial_nebulous.htm (710 words)

	Turntables at DJ Shop (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The ABS cabinet is very resistant to feedback, and is assisted by the ASTS tone arm.
		The world's only pro vertical turntable with floating tone arm, dual start/stop buttons and top panel power switch.
		The Numark TT-100 is a very solid direct-drive table with fully adjustable "S" tone arm, and comes with lid and slip mat.
	www.musicstop.com /dj/dj_turntables.htm (306 words)

	[No title]
		The living of your life with a continuous floating tone arm and full Green Zone Truth Phenomena phase.
		The selected process introduction phase: This phase is possibly the most crucial of all the phases as it sets the client up to be willing to run the chosen process.
		This will produce a floating tone arm and floating needle on the three-dimensional holographic concept only.
	www.lightlink.com /archives/acw/acw92.memo (3174 words)

	Marston Records - Francis Planté: The Complete Issued Recordings -
		His tone was always distinctive and it was not long before the expression “floating tone” was invented to describe it and took its place in musical parlance.
		Undreamed of prior to Planté, “floating tone” became an ideal with pianists, teachers, students.
		But “floating tone” was not the only peculiarity (sic) that set Planté’s playing apart.
	www.marstonrecords.com /plante/plante_book.htm (3160 words)

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