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Topic: Tone Contour

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	Encyclopedia: Tone (linguistics)
		Tone is frequently an areal rather than a genetic feature: that is, a language may acquire tones through bilingualism if influential neighboring languages are tonal, or if speakers of a tonal language switch to the language in question.
		Contour tones are then indicated 14, 21, etc. The Kru languages belong to the Niger-Congo language family and are spoken in the area ranging from the south-east of Liberia to the east of Côte dIvoire.
		Tone is defined by an interaction between the "class" of the initial consonant of a syllable and a possible "tone mark" above it.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Tone-(linguistics) (4532 words)

	Tone contour -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Tone contours are numbers that represent the way ((baseball) the throwing of a baseball by a pitcher to a batter) pitch varies over a (A unit of spoken language larger than a phoneme) syllable.
		The (additional info and facts about Standard Mandarin) Standard Mandarin third tone has a tone contour /214/, showing a pitch that dips and then rises.
		Examples of level tone contours are /11/, /22/, /33/, /44/ and /55/.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/t/to/tone_contour.htm (140 words)

	Duanmu's publications
		Duanmu, S., 2004, “Tone and non-tone languages: An alternative to language typology and parameters.” Language and Linguistics.
		The interaction between consonant types and tone: a tonogenesis effect in Chonnam Koran.
		Duanmu, S., 1992, "An autosegmental analysis of tone in four Tibetan languages," Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 15:1, pp.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~duanmu/papers.htm (609 words)

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