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Topic: Tongan language

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	Tongan language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tongan (fakatonga) is an Austronesian language spoken in Tonga.
		Tongan is one of the many tongues in the Polynesian branch of the Austronesian languages, along with Hawaiʻian, Māori, Sāmoan and Tahitian, for example.
		Tongan has preserved all the consonants like the 'k' and 'ŋ' and 'f', while at least one of them has disappeared in other Polynesian languages, being replaced by a glottal stop, and of the remainder, some may have changed further (t->k, f->h or v or w, ŋ->n).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tongan_language (1694 words)

	iqexpand.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		By the 12th century, Tongans, and the Tongan paramount chief, the Tu'i Tonga, were known across the Pacific, from Niue to Tikopia, sparking some historians to refer to a 'Tongan Empire'.
		Tongans are very well-educated, with a 98% literacy rate, and higher education up to and including medical and graduate degrees.
		Tongan land is constitutionally protected and cannot be sold to foreigners (although it may be leased).
	tonga.iqexpand.com (2363 words)

	Tongans - Culture - Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand
		Many Tongans believe that without their language, people lose their identity; and that to develop anga faka-Tonga (the Tongan way) it is important that the language be a feature of children’s upbringing and socialisation.
		In 2004 a draft curriculum for Tongan language was produced for preschools and primary and secondary schools.
		Tongan language courses are taught at the University of Auckland.
	www.teara.govt.nz /NewZealanders/NewZealandPeoples/Tongans/3/en (422 words)

	Peace Corps Online \| December 20, 2003 - Personal Web Site: Justin & Rebecca in Tonga
		Language classes were held at least once a day to provide a sound basis for understanding not only Tongan Language, but also the culture.
		But the youth, as any unmarried, out of school Tongan is called, are becoming a problem to the Kingdom, as they have very little skill or ambition, and their idleness and large numbers leads to drug and alcohol use.
		Those tricky Tongans: if we tried to lay down before the boat started they would call us fakapikopiko (lazy), but as soon as we got moving it was a free for all, with us losing all space to lay down.
	peacecorpsonline.org /messages/messages/467/2018617.html (4343 words)

	Tongan language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		See IPA chart for English for an English-based pronunciation key.
		By 1943 for sure there was no use of aj any longer.
		English and many other languages only know 2 types of articles:
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tongan (1694 words)

	Tongan language, alphabet and pronunciation
		Tongan is a Polynesian language spoken by about 95,000 people mainly in Tonga.
		Tongan was first written by missionaries in the early 19th century using a number of different spelling systems.
		There are no consonant clusters or diphthongs in Tongan (ng is considered a letter, so it is not an exception).
	www.omniglot.com /writing/tongan.htm (188 words)

	Tonga on the 'NET - Making Tongan Keyboard Entry easier
		To use of a typewriter for Tongan Language communications requires a lot of hand travel to the platinum to move the paper up and down for making accented letters.
		Physically changing the keys on the typewriter is unthinkable because (a) most people using a typewriter correspond in English and Tongan, (b) it requires pulling apart the typewriter and putting in "print hammers" which do not exist.
		The J Key is replaced with the ' (fakau'a) is to relieve keyboard pains as this is a frequently used character in Tongan language.
	www.tongatapu.net.to /tonga/lang/keyboard (644 words)

	The people (from Tonga) -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Tongans are closely related to Samoans and other Polynesians in culture, language, and racial makeup.
		Religion is an important aspect of Tongan society, and most Tongan families are members of a church.
		The Tongan language is taught in primary schools and is the official language, in addition to English, which is studied as a second language.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-54087 (958 words)

	Tofa of Sacramento (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Until TOFA began its work two years ago, there was no community organization that could work with the language and cultural barriers faced by Tongans, especially youth, to assist in their transition as productive members of society.
		OFA of Sacramento aims to provide resources and social centers for communities; provide youth activities, counseling and parenting classes; develop programs to educate and help the Tongan people and other minorities to become self-sufficient and to bridge the Tongan generation gap between the older and younger generations and between Tongan communities and the mainstream society.
		OFA seeks to preserve the Tongan identity, including their history, culture, custom, language and writing; and researches the Tongan heritage and history.
	www.tofaofsacramento.org (164 words)

	Learn Tongan Online - Write or Speak in Tongan Language Exchange
		A language exchange complements other forms of learning such as classroom, cultural immersion and multimedia, because you get to practice all that you have learned with native speakers in a safe and supportive environment.
		Language exchange learning is also inexpensive because we provide free tips and conversation lesson plans that allow you to do a language exchange on your own.
		Add your profile to the language exchange community and let others contact you to for language exchange learning.
	www.mylanguageexchange.com /Learn/Tongan.asp (978 words)

	Peace Corps \| Learn About Peace Corps \| Where Does Peace Corps Work? \| Pacific Islands \| Tonga
		Tongans, who are of Polynesian descent, make up the bulk of the population in the Kingdom; however, there are also relatively small numbers from other Pacific islands, Europe and Asia.
		Tongan is the official language, but all Government documents are in both Tongan and English.
		Tongans also feel pressure to learn and use English while still maintaining the Tongan language and culture.
	www.peacecorps.gov /index.cfm?shell=learn.wherepc.pacificislands.tonga (248 words)

	Tongan Fonts, Tongan OCR, Tongan Reference, Tongan Software - Mac, Tongan Software - Windows, Tongan System,
		Tongan is spoken in the Tonga Islands, a kingdom in the South Pacific Ocean just west of the International Date Line.
		There was a virgin named Hina, and she and the handsome man Sinilau heard reports of one another, and as time went on and they continually heard one another's praises, Hina could rest no longer, because of her thoughts of Sinilau.
		So one day she clothed herself with her fine mat, and took her necklace and put it on, and she went with a pole and leaped into the sea, and swam, and came to the land of Sinilau.
	www.worldlanguage.com /Languages/Tongan.htm (157 words)

	Audrey Crittenden, Interdisciplinary Studies major Linguistics Outside the Classroom: the Tongan Language \| CC
		Eventually I realized that what interested me most about the language was the syntax, and so my project began to focus around the structure of Tongan.
		Though I am by no means fluent in Tongan, I did gain valuable experience from studying there, and I think that the work I did will help me in my future linguistics classes.
		I found Tongan to be an interesting language, and I would like to study some of the other South Pacific languages for comparison.
	www.wm.edu /charlescenter?id=3673 (448 words)

	UniLang // View topic - Language Course
		I'm just trying to augment the explanation that you have of the Tongan language in to what I know is applicable for Māori (NZ and CI).
		Although my confidence with Tongan is much lower than 6 months ago, since I once more forgot many things having no one to practice, I'll try to respond.
		By the way, with the revival of the discussion here, my desire to study Tongan has also revived which is exactly what should not happen to me right now.
	home.unilang.org /main/forum/viewtopic.php?p=141202 (910 words)

	Ethnologue 14 report for language code:TOV
		The following is the entry for this language as it appeared in the 14th edition (2000).
		It has been superseded by the corresponding entry in the 15th edition (2005).
		The ethnic group is predominantly monolingual in Tongan (1997 J. Siegel).
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=TOV (109 words)

	References (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Language and Space in Tonga: ‘The Front of the House is Where the Chief Sits!’ Anthropological Linguistics, 42,4:499-544.
		Auckland, New Zealand: The Institute of Polynesian Languages and Literatures.
		Language as Context, Language as Means: Spatial Cognition and Habitual Language Use.
	www.niu.edu /~t20gxb1/References (1901 words)

	Peace Corps Online \| September 12, 1997 - Indiana University: Aaron Shiffrin learned the Tongan language in country and ...
		Aaron Shiffrin learned the Tongan language in country and then set about a monumental task: creating and initiating a national science curriculum project for the country's secondary school system
		Among this year's crop of returnee-students at IUB are Aaron Shiffrin of Bloomington and Erik Boyle of Covington, Ky. The two roommates met at orientation at SPEA last month.
		He learned the Tongan language in country and then set about a monumental task: creating and initiating a national science curriculum project for the country's secondary school system.
	peacecorpsonline.org /messages/messages/467/2019117.html (460 words)

	Ema Wolfgramm-Foliaki: Student Learning Centre, University of Auckland, New Zealand
		Her thesis employed a number of methodologies including Pasifika methodologies of working with communities in order to examine how Tongan parents’ and caregivers’ ideas and beliefs about education in relation to their own culture can facilitate and promote the literacy development of their children.
		Her work highlights the presence of specific forms of literacy practices that are underpinned by Tongan cultural values and beliefs.
		She concludes that parents’ and caregivers’ ideas and beliefs about education play a significant role in the literacy development of their children and that the three sites (home, language nest and Sunday school) are indeed ‘resource-full’.
	www.slc.auckland.ac.nz /contact/ema.php (493 words)

	Tonga : In Depth : Language \| Frommers.com
		The official language is Tongan, but English is taught in the schools and is widely spoken in the main towns.
		One major difference between them is the enormous number of glottal stops (represented by an apostrophe in writing) in the Tongan tongue.
		An extensive knowledge of Tongan will not be necessary for English-speakers to get around and enjoy the kingdom.
	www.frommers.com /destinations/tonga/3039020558.html (205 words)

	Tongans worship far from home (printable version)
		Many of the older Tongans have difficulty with the English language and Aoga said it is more comfortable to have a service in their language.
		Peaua moved to Reno in 1979 and two years later brought his family from the islands in the South Pacific Ocean, which are north of New Zealand and to the east of Australia.
		The Tongan language worship service is held at 2 p.m.
	www.rgj.com /news/printstory.php?id=93191 (767 words)

	Search OLAC Archives - Tongan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pakapuka - The language of Pukapuka I, North Cook Islands Republic.
		Aneitym from Sentence 25 - Austronesian language of Aneityum...
		StressTyp is a database containing information about word-level stress patterns of (some of) the languages of the world.
	www.language-archives.org /tools/search?query=Tongan (250 words)

	LINGUIST List 7.516: Filipino, Tongan language situation, Linguistic change (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		I am doing a Language Planning paper for Dr. William Eggington's class on th diglossic situation in the Philippines involving English and Tagalog.
		We are working on some research that is exploring the relationship between the Tongan language and the English language in the South Pacific island of Tonga.
		In addition, we are looking for information concerning language policies in education, government, media, and unofficial language behaviors/policies of home and community.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/7/7-516.html (502 words)

	Planet Tonga
		The purpose of this language journal is to support writing in our Tongan language and to help maintain and enrich our indigenous language.
		This phrase means the gathering of skilled and experienced people (canoe builders) to undertake a tremendous and difficult task.
		The work of maintaining and enriching our Tongan language within globalization is a difficult task, but it can be done if we work together.
	planet-tonga.com /language_journal (592 words)

	Lavengamalie College (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ward developed the word processor in the Tongan language with his students at CCC High School in 1985.
		It was necessary to develop both the software and the hardware since the Tongan language has only 16 letters and a diphthong.
		He is seen in this photo presenting the Faka'fuo'fua (computer) to the King of Tonga his Majesty Taufa'ahuo Toupou I.V. This is Faka'fuo'fua the keyboard for the Tongan word processor.
	www.logoschristian.org /logos/lavengamalie.html (80 words)

	Tongan Language Partners - Online Language Exchange (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		I AM HALF TONGAN AND HALF MEXICAN AND I LIVE IN SAN BERNARDINO CALIFORNIA.
		im learning this language because i onlynow a little bit not alot and i want to learn samaon next....i am half tongan and samoan.
		Tip: use language versions of the city name.
	www.mylanguageexchange.com /Search.asp?selX3=107&selX13=true (277 words)

	Tongan Father's Love Letter
		Please feel free to share these free online resources with others and if you have friends that speak other languages, please be sure to check out our Multi Language Formats.
		We have the Tongan Father's Love Letter translation available as a HTML text file.
		We would like to find other ministry partners that work in the Tongan language to help us possibly produce and distribute other media formats of Father's Love Letter wherever the Tongan language is spoken.
	fathersloveletter.com /Tongan (217 words)

	Find in a Library: Tongan dictionary : Tongan-English and English-Tongan.
		Find in a Library: Tongan dictionary : Tongan-English and English-Tongan.
		To find this item in a library, enter a postal code, state, province, or country in the field above.
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	www.worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/b0559ad104583775.html (45 words)

	FUMC News Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Sunday, 9:30 a.m., Sunday School classes meet in the building adjacent to the sanctuary.
		Sunday, 10:30 a.m., English language worship in the sanctuary.
		Sunday, 5:00 p.m., Tongan language worship services in the sanctuary.
	www.gbgm-umc.org /haywardfirstumc/worship.htm (96 words)

	Tongan Language Resources
		Body Image and Eating Problems: Family Help Kit (Tongan) (PDF)
		Diabetes and Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (Tongan) (PDF)
		Early Detection is the Best Protection--Pap Smear/Cervical Cancer (Tongan) (PDF)
	www.hawaii.edu /hivandaids/links_tonganlanguage.htm (86 words)

	Governments on the WWW: Tonga (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Freedom in the World (by Freedom House, Inc.)
		Ethnologue: Languages of the World (by Summer Institute of Linguistics, Inc.)
		Flags Of The World (by Giuseppe Bottasini, Rob Raeside, Mark Sensen and others)
	www.gksoft.com /govt/en/to.html (87 words)

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