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	Gabrieleno/Tongva of San Gabriel
		The Tongva Dancers celebrate the songs and dances, rituals and ceremonies of pre-European Tovangar: the culture and world of the Tongva, the indigenous people of the Los Angeles basin.
		It has been said that "all Tongva are Dancers", because of the importance of dance as a ritualistic way of attaining harmony with nature, placating adversity, celebrating events, expiating tragedy, and explanation and initiation.
		The Dancers are thus vital to the revival of Tongva language, culture and ceremonies.
	www.tongva.com /dancers.htm (301 words)

	Tongva - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Tongva are a Native American people who inhabited the area in and around Los Angeles, California before the arrival of Europeans.
		Tongva means "people of the earth" in the Tongva language, a language in the Uto-Aztecan family.
		Along with the Chumash, their neighbors to the north, the Tongva are among the few New World peoples who regularly navigated the ocean.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tongva (718 words)

	Tongva language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Tongva language (also known as the Gabrieliño language) is an Uto-Aztecan language spoken by the Tongva, a Native American people who live in and around Los Angeles, California.
		Tongva is closely related to several other indigenous languages of the area, including the Cahuilla language and the Serrano language.
		The Tongva language is primarily documented in the unpublished early-20th century fieldnotes of John Peabody Harrington.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tongva_language (192 words)

	The Tongva
		Tongva religious ceremonies were held in a circular structure within the village.
		Tongva communities and culture fell into a rapid decline with the arrival of the Mission de San Gabriel in 1771.
		Many of the Tongva joined the mission (and the Missions San Fernando and San Juan Capistrano) and, upon their conversions, were compelled to abandon their villages and culture.
	cogweb.ucla.edu /Chumash/Tongva.html (644 words)

	PICTOGRAPHS: TONGVA (GABRIELINO)
		The purpose and function of the Tongva rock art was similar to the Luiseno.
		The Tongva occupied an area that is now covered by Los Angeles County and parts of Orange County The area extended to Aliso Creek and to southwestern San Bernardino County.
		The Tongva were the originators of a new religion which was prevalent in California at the time of the Spanish contact.
	www.sinay.com /rockart/rock/rock-9.htm (850 words)

	Gabrielino Tongva Springs Foundation of Los Angeles California San Gabriel Mission Indians
		The Gabrielino Tongva Springs are designated as California State Historical Landmark No. 522 and have a UCLA Archaeological designation of CA-LAN-382
		The Gabrielino Tongva Springs Foundation acknowledges the Gabrielino Tongva Tribal Council in San Gabriel California and no others as the official tribal leadership.
		The Gabrielino Tongva Springs Foundation is a non-profit Native American Foundation.
	www.onionskin.com /gabrielino (77 words)

	Tongva Indian Memorial and Exhibit
		The Tongva Memorial is located on the Leavey Campus, just west of the O'Malley Residence Hall on the bluff side of LMU Drive.
		After the establishment of the Spanish Mission system, coastal native peoples, such as the Tongva, were brought to the missions to provide the requisite labor.
		Accompanying the outdoor memorial is an exhibit in the Charles Von der Ahe Library on the lower level in the atrium.
	www.lmu.edu /pages/5460.asp (1515 words)

	White sage is one of the most important plants (Site not responding. Last check: )
		As a medicine, the Tongva use white sage as a general cleanser or tonic.
		Finally, white sage is used to cleanse the blood from a poison oak infection— the Tongva drink a decoction made of two leaves per "cup" of water to rid the bloodstream of the poison.
		Finally, the Tongva apply white sage to the body before hunting in order to hide "human" smells that might ward off the hunted animals.
	www.harvestfields.ca /HerbBooks/02/09/whsage.htm (447 words)

	Indian Country Diaries . Today's Challenges . Tongva Language & Culture \| PBS
		When the Spanish missionaries descended, the Tongva — along with the Pechanga, Pomo, Maidu, Chumash, Acjachemen and others — lost most of their population to disease and genocide.
		He believed that the Tongva — or as they had been renamed by the Spanish, the Gabrielino — were extinct.
		The Tongva and 35 other California tribes are fighting to get the federal government to recognize them as official tribes eligible for federal programs and sovereignty rights.
	www.pbs.org /indiancountry/challenges/tongva.html (909 words)

	Tribal History
		The Expedition encountered the Tongva, who guided them to their holy springs, at what is now University High School in West Los Angeles.
		The Tongva were enslaved to build the San Gabriel Mission in the City of San Gabriel and the San Fernando Mission in the City of Los Angeles.
		Tongva villages extended south to Laguna Beach (though the Juanenos claim the Tongva never settled beyond the estuary at Newport Beach).
	www.tongvatribe.org /TribalHistory/tribal_history.cfm (1552 words)

	[No title]
		The tribes that occupied the LA area when the Spanish arrived were the Chumash and the Tongva (later called the Gabrielino), the Chumash being the older and more numerous.
		The Tongva lived in small settlements throughout LA and northern Orange couny, with a substantial settlement at Cahuenga Pass.
		Tongva hut made of reeds laid over a pole frame,an example of Chumash cave paintings, and a galleon of the type that brought the first Spanish explorers.
	www.laurelcanyonassoc.com /EarlyHist.html (2291 words)

	[No title]
		The tribes that occupied the LA area when the Spanish arrived were the Chumash and the Tongva (later called the Gabrielino), the Chumash being the older and more numerous.
		The Tongva lived in small settlements throughout LA and northern Orange couny, with a substantial settlement at Cahuenga Pass.
		Tongva hut made of reeds laid over a pole frame,an example of Chumash cave paintings, and a galleon of the type that brought the first Spanish explorers.
	www.laurelcanyon.org /EarlyHist.html (2291 words)

	southern
		The homeland of the Tongva included all of present-day Los Angeles and much of neighboring Orange County as well as parts of the offshore islands of San Clemente, Santa Catalina, and San Nicolas.
		Marriage among the Tongva was generally between individuals from the same social class.
		On her wedding day, a Tongva bride was adorned with beads, skins, paint, and flowers.
	www.californiahistory.net /2_natives/tongva.htm (164 words)

	white sage
		The Tongva grind one seed for use as an eyewash or eye anti-inflammatory agent.
		Kasili is also used to cleanse the blood from a poison oak infection— the Tongva drink a decoction made of two leaves per "cup" of water to rid the bloodstream of the poison.
		The Tongva gather bundles of kasili, dry them, and use them for "purification" ceremonies, spiritual cleansing, "smudging," blessing ceremonies, and to focus on spiritual or serious matters concerning both the individual and the community.
	www.runajambi.net /tongva/white_sage.htm (434 words)

	Land developers face dispute over Indigenous cemetery (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The problem, stated Tongva Tribal Chair Anthony Morales, is that when the parties entered into the agreement, neither knew that a cemetery, rather than a few remains, would be found.
		Unable to change laws through L.A.’s election process because of their location, the Tongva continue to request, recommend and wait, although change is not likely.
		The Tongva Tribe’s Mother Village, which boasts a membership of about 400, sits just 10 miles outside of Los Angeles County in San Gabriel, and is not federally recognized.
	www.finalcall.com /artman/publish/printer_1465.shtml (724 words)

	Coopermuseum - Where did it go? Where is it now?
		For over 7,000 years, the Tongva had settled the Los Angeles-Orange County basin and developed a complex society of fiercely independent towns and villages with democratic governments, sophisticated arts, and rich spiritual traditions.
		Tongva customs, clothing, food, language, and spiritual values would be swept aside in forced conversions.
		The change to American California in 1850 did nothing to improve the lives of the Tongva who were looked on as "trespassers" on their own lands.
	www.coopermuseum.org /content/view/15/2 (626 words)

	TONGVA Articles The Tongva are a Native American pe
		The Tongva are a Native American people who inhabited the area in and around Los Angeles, California before the arrival of Europeans.
		Tongva means "people of the earth" in the Tongva language, a language in the Uto-Aztecan family.
		Along with the Chumash, their neighbors to the north, the Tongva are among the few New World peoples who regularly navigated the ocean.
	www.amazines.com /Tongva_related.html (538 words)

	Original Peoples
		They were more sophisticated craftsmen than their Tongva neighbors to the south.
		However, as had happened with the Tongva, their population, communities and culture rapidly disappeared.
		They were believed to have numbered about 1,000 people and were heavily influenced by the culture of their more numerous neighbors, the Tongva and Chumash.
	www.laalmanac.com /history/hi05.htm (746 words)

	blog.myspace.com/walter_campos
		The Tongva, or people of the earth, are also known as the Gabrielino, Gabrieleno, or Gabrieleño—a name derived from their connection to the San Gabriel Mission (McCawley, 1996: 3).
		The Tongva lived in communities arranged by lineage that fragmented at certain times of the year to exploit food sources such as acorns and a variety of small and large game.
		The Tongva were decimated by disease and genocide first inflicted by Spanish missionaries beginning in 1771 (Johnson, 1968: 20), and then by American homesteaders in the early 1800's (Bean, 1978: 540) in what has come to be known by many indigenous peoples as the American Holocaust (Morales).
	blog.myspace.com /walter_campos (6375 words)

	Gabrielino/Tongva Springs Foundation
		The Gabrielino Tongva Indians are the original inhabitants of the Los Angeles Basin.
		It is the goal of the Gabrielino Tongva Springs Foundation to work together with the community to preserve and protect one of the last natural historical landmarks and sacred sites of our people.
		It is the goal of the Gabrielino Tongva Springs Foundation to work together with the community to preserve and protect the Kuruvungna Springs (located on the University High School campus).
	www.onionskin.com /gabrielino/u.htm (289 words)

	Science - Land Conservancy
		The Tongva were a powerful and friendly tribe who welcomed the Spaniards upon their arrival.
		Much of what we know of the Tongva today is from other tribes that had been influenced by the mighty and influential Tongva and from information obtained from archeological digs.
		Note the size and shape of the leaves, the toothed edges, pass a leaf around for the children to see and measure against the length of their finger.
	www.pvpusd.k12.ca.us /teachweb/hokanson/naturewalk.html (837 words)

	Montebello, California at AllExperts
		Before the arrival of the Spaniards, the land along the Rio Hondo River was populated by the Tongva (Gabrielino) Native Americans.
		The Tongva occupied much of the Los Angeles basin and the islands of Santa Catalina, San Nicolas, San Clemente and Santa Barbara.
		The language of the Tongva was different from the neighboring Indian tribes and it was called Gabrielino by the Spanish.
	en.allexperts.com /e/m/mo/montebello,_california.htm (1241 words)

	Puvunga Information
		Puvunga (alternate spelling: Puvungna) is an ancient village and burial site believed to have once been populated by the Tongva (Gabrielino) people, who are the indigenous inhabitants of the region around Los Angeles, California.
		Believed to be the birthplace of Chingishnish, a Tongva prophet, Puvunga is considered sacred by some indigenous people.
		Since the 1960s the Tongva people have sought to preserve the Puvunga site from development, and it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 [1].
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Puvunga (264 words)

	The History of the TONGVA - The Perris Valley Museum (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Tongva and the Chumash were the two most populous and powerful groups in Southern California.
		They are often referred to as "Gabrielino" because they were taken by the Spanish to the San Gabriel Mission in the late 18th century.
		Chungichnish, the deity of this religion, was born at Puvungna, a Tongva village which was located at the site of Rancho Los Alamitos near Long Beach.
	members.aol.com /perrismuseum/tongva.htm (827 words)

	[No title]
		Unfortunately, the Tipai, Ipai, Tongva, and others living along the coast south of Malibu were all missionized relatively early in the history of Spanish intrusion.
		The Tongva have been known as the Gabrielino because of their association with the Mission of the Archangel Gabriel.
		The Tongva, Juaneno, and Luiseno, like the people of California's southern deserts, however, were Uto-Aztecan speakers and were bound into a band of common linguistic roots that came out of the Great Basin, across the Mojave Desert, and down to the Pacific Coast, driving a lingistic wedge between the Chumash and the Tipai.
	www4.hmc.edu:8001 /humanities/indian/ca/ch11.htm (725 words)

	Gabrielino Language and the Gabrielino Indian Tribe (Tongva, Gabrieleño, Tongvan)
		Gabrielino Language and the Gabrielino Indian Tribe (Tongva, Gabrieleño, Tongvan)
		Language loss has been especially severe in California, where enslavement and violence against Indian peoples were not actively discouraged, and the Gabrielino language has not been spoken since the 1940's, although some younger people hope to revive its use.
		Article on Tongva Indian history and land struggles.
	www.native-languages.org /gabrielino.htm (140 words)

	Plants < Ethnobotany < BioTrek
		Almost all of these plants have been used by the Tongva and other indigenous people, and many are ecological dominants in their native range.
		Their acorns provide wéwish, the porridge that was a staple of the Tongva diet.
		But the Tongva know what many have forgotten, that plants also heal the spirit.
	www.csupomona.edu /~biotrek/ethnobotany/plants.html (202 words)

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