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	Topiramate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chemically, topiramate is a sulfamate-substituted monosaccharide, related to fructose, a rather unusual chemical structure for an anticonvulsant.
		Patients who take topiramate and who feel pain in or around their eyes, or notice a loss of vision, visual acuity, or blurred vision, are advised to seek consultation with their physician as soon as reasonably possible.
		Topiramate itself is a weak inhibitor of CYP 2C19 and induces CYP 3A4.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Topiramate (1132 words)

	Topiramate: Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders
		Topiramate is an anticonvulsant indicated for the control of seizures in the treatment of epilepsy (a neurological dysfunction in which excessive surges of electrical energy are emitted in the brain) and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (a disorder which causes seizures and developmental delays).
		Topiramate is thought to decrease and balance the abnormal electrical activity within the brain that may trigger seizures.
		Topiramate is most commonly prescribed to treat patients who do not respond to other anticonvulsant medications, or is part of a combination of anticonvulsant medications used to treat intractable seizures.
	health.enotes.com /neurological-disorders-encyclopedia/topiramate (858 words)

	Topamax Online, Description, Chemistry, Ingredients - Topiramate - RxList Monographs
		(topiramate capsules) Sprinkle Capsules are available as 15 mg and 25 mg sprinkle capsules for oral administration as whole capsules or opened and sprinkled onto soft food.
		Topiramate is a white crystalline powder with a bitter taste.
		Topiramate is most soluble in alkaline solutions containing sodium hydroxide or sodium phosphate and having a pH of 9 to 10.
	www.rxlist.com /cgi/generic2/topiram.htm (267 words)

	Evaluation of open-label topiramate for scar therapy
		Topiramate has been reported in healthy volunteers to have side effects, such as a decrease in attention and verbal fluency [6].
		Topiramate, designated chemically as 2,3:4,5-bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)-β-D-fructopyranose sulfamate, is an antiepileptic medication approved by the Food and Drug Administration, for the treatment of epilepsy [11] in adults and children with partial onset seizures and primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures down to age 2 [10].
		In this study, topiramate was well tolerated as evidenced by no subjects discontinuing, and only one subject decreasing her dose as the result of side effects.
	dermatology.cdlib.org /95/original/scars/shapira.html (2709 words)

	Topamax (Topiramate), Anticonvulsant Medication - Detailed Information
		Topiramate is also effective in rodent models of epilepsy, which include tonic and absence-like seizures in the spontaneous epileptic rat (SER) and tonic and clonic seizures induced in rats by kindling of the amygdala or by global ischemia.
		Topiramate is not extensively metabolized and is primarily eliminated unchanged in the urine (approximately 70% of an administered dose).
		Topiramate was not mutagenic in the Ames test or the in vitro mouse lymphoma assay; it did not increase unscheduled DNA synthesis in rat hepatocytes in vitro; and it did not increase chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes in vitro or in rat bone marrow in vivo.
	www.realmentalhealth.com /medications/topamax.asp (7420 words)

	Topamax(topiramate) for Migraines
		Topiramate was titrated by 25 mg/wk for 8 weeks to the assigned or maximum tolerated dose, whichever was less.
		Topiramate, one of the newer anticonvulsants, recently has been demonstrated to be effective as monotherapy for migraine prophylaxis.
		Prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials of divalproex, gabapentin, and topiramate for migraine prevention generally were composed of a prospective baseline period, a dose titration period, and a fixed-dose treatment period.
	www.rxbyfax.com /topamaxmig.htm (4196 words)

	Topiramate patient advice including side effects
		Topiramate is an antiepileptic drug, prescribed to control both the mild attacks known as partial seizures and the severe tonic-clonic convulsions known as grand mal seizures.
		Topiramate capsules may be swallowed whole, or the capsule may be opened and its contents sprinkled on a teaspoonful of soft food.
		Because Topiramate sometimes causes confusion, dizziness, fatigue, and problems with coordination and concentration, you should not drive, operate machinery, or participate in any hazardous activity that requires full mental alertness until you are certain how the drug affects you.
	www.drugs.com /pdr/topiramate.html (1505 words)

	Focus on Topiramate - a new anti-epileptic
		Topiramate is a white crystalline powder which is most soluble in alkaline solutions.
		Median percent reductions from baseline in average monthly seizure rate, the principal efficacy evaluation, were 13% for placebo, 30% for topiramate 200 mg/day, 48% for topiramate 400 mg/day, and 45% for topiramate 600 mg/day.
		Topiramate plasma concentrations were closely related to dosage, and there were no significant interactions between topiramate and other anti-epileptics.
	www.priory.com /focus7.htm (399 words)

	Topiramate : Epilepsy.com/Professionals
		The clearance of topiramate is decreased by 42% in patients with moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance 30—69 mL/min/1.73m2) and by 54% in subjects with severe impairment (creatinine clearance less than 30mL/min/1.73m2).
		Because the volume of distribution for topiramate has not been determined, the equation shown in Correction for drug loss during hemodialysis cannot be used to compute a loading dose.
		The elimination half-life of topiramate is 21 hours in healthy subjects, and the clearance of topiramate is decreased by 50% in severe renal impairment.
	professionals.epilepsy.com /page/aed_topiramate.html (419 words)

	MedlinePlus Drug Information: Topiramate (Systemic) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Topiramate (toe-PYRE-a-mate) is used to help control some types of seizures in the treatment of epilepsy.
		However, studies in pregnant animals have shown that topiramate may cause birth defects in the offspring, as well as adverse effects in the mother, when given in doses many times higher than the human dose.
		Topiramate may be taken with or without food, on a full or an empty stomach.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/203085.html (1853 words)

	Topiramate (Topamax), Mood Disorders and PTSD.
		Before topiramate is prescribed the patient should have a thorough medical evaluation, including blood and urine tests, to rule out any medical condition, such as thyroid disorders, that may cause or exacerbate a mood disorder.
		Topiramate is usually initially prescribed at an initial dose of 12.5 -25 mg once or twice a day and the total daily dose is increased by 12.5 - 25 mg every week.
		Topiramate seems to be effective in some people with bipolar mood disorders that have not responded to lithium and/or other mood-stabilizers.
	www.psycom.net /depression.central.topiramate.html (2841 words)

	Epilepsy Medications: topiramate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Topiramate is used as adjunctive therapy in adults with complex partial seizure disorder.
		Topiramate can be taken with or without food.
		Topiramate in combination with other central nervous system depressants can cause depression or problems with thinking.
	www.neuro.jhmi.edu /Epilepsy/meds/topamax.html (314 words)

	Topiramate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Topiramate is prescribed to help control the frequency and severity of partial and grand mal epileptic seizures in adults.
		Topiramate can be taken with or without food; however, it should be taken with food if it causes an upset stomach.
		Topiramate can cause blurred or double vision, drowsiness and you should make certain that you know how this medication affects you before operating a vehicle or using machines that require you to be alert.
	www.clevelandclinic.org /health/health-info/docs/3200/3203.asp?index=10135 (542 words)

	NIDA - Publications - NIDA Notes - Vol. 19, No. 6 - Research Findings
		In other clinical trials topiramate has helped prevent relapse to alcohol and opiate addiction; these new results with cocaine add to hopes that it may prove a versatile treatment medication for several drugs of abuse.
		Because topiramate exacerbates cocaine withdrawal symptoms, the investigators selected patients who were able to attain at least 3 days of self-reported abstinence immediately before starting the trial and who, based on their level of addiction, were not likely to enter severe withdrawal.
		Topiramate seems to change the brain's response to cocaine by indirectly influencing dopamine through two other neurotransmitter systems—gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate.
	www.drugabuse.gov /NIDA_notes/NNvol19N6/Topiramate.html (971 words)

	Topiramate and scars
		Common side effects of topiramate include fatigue, difficulty concentrating, parathesia, somnolence, ataxia, dizziness, weight loss, and an increased incidence of nephrolithiasis consistent with the fact that topiramate is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor.
		They found topiramate to be safe and effective treatment for scar therapy.In conditions like acne too we believe there can be some sort of self injurious behavior, most notably skin picking due to psychogenic effects of acne in many patients.
		Topiramate attenuates self Ðinjurious behaviour in Prader-Willi syndrome.Inernational J of neuropsychopharmacology (2002), 5,141-145.
	dermatology.cdlib.org /113/letters/topiramate/rakesh.html (968 words)

	Howstuffworks "Topiramate: A Profile of an Antiseizure Agent"
		Topiramate is used along with other medications to prevent seizures in patients with epilepsy.
		Concurrent use of topiramate and any over-the-counter (nonprescription) medication for weight loss or for cough, cold, sinus problems, asthma, or allergies may increase the side effects of topiramate.
		While taking topiramate, your ability to perform tasks that require alertness, such as driving an automobile or operating potentially dangerous machinery, may be impaired.
	health.howstuffworks.com /define-topiramate.htm (1019 words)

	Carilion - Topiramate for epilepsy - [Medication]
		Topiramate comes in tablets and capsules, which can be opened and sprinkled on food.
		Topiramate may be used in combination with other antiepileptic drugs to control partial seizures in children ages 2 to 12.
		While topiramate is tolerated well by most people and has few serious side effects, a small number of people who take the drug may develop kidney stones.
	www.carilion.com /kbase/htm/hw11/0595/hw110595.htm (338 words)

	A trial of topiramate for migraine prophylaxis American Family Physician - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Topiramate therapy was associated with a greater reduction in monthly migraine frequency than was achieved with placebo.
		Among placebo patients, headaches were reduced from 5.6 per month to 4.5; in the 100-mg topiramate group, headaches were reduced from 5.8 to 3.5 per month, and from 5.1 to 3.0 in patients receiving 200 mg of topiramate per day.
		Topiramate in the higher dosages also was associated with a statistically significant reduction in mean monthly number of migraine days and number of days requiring the use of rescue medication.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3225/is_8_70/ai_n8570319 (662 words)

	Topiramate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Topiramate is used with other medications to treat certain types of seizures in patients with epilepsy or Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (a disorder that causes seizures and developmental delays).
		Topiramate is used to treat patients who continue to have seizures even when they take other anti-seizure medications.
		Topiramate tablets have a bitter taste and lose their effectiveness quickly when broken, so you should swallow them whole.
	www.safemedication.com /displaydrug.cfm?id=697012 (1035 words)

	Topiramate for migraine prevention
		Topiramate is an anticonvulsant, and this class of compounds has previously been shown to reduce the frequency of chronic migraine headaches, though the randomised trial evidence base is limited.
		Any trial was accepted that was randomised and double blind, used any dose regimen of topiramate, in patients with chronic migraine headache (at least two episodes a month), used standard diagnostic classification, and was at least of four weeks duration.
		Topiramate for patients with refractory migraine: an observational, multicentre study in Spain.
	www.jr2.ox.ac.uk /Bandolier/booth/Migraine/topir.html (754 words)

	topiramate - Migraine Headaches and other Neurological Disorders treatment, symptoms and medications
		Carbamazepine (Tegretol) and phenytoin (Dilantin) markedly decrease the amount of topiramate in the body by increasing its elimination from the body.
		Topiramate may decrease the amount of estrogen in the body in women taking oral contraceptives, possibly increasing the chances of unwanted pregnancy.
		Since topiramate was approved, there have been 23 cases reported (as of 8-17-01) of a sudden onset of vision and eye problems.
	www.medicinenet.com /topiramate/article.htm (928 words)

	Epilepsy Newfoundland and Labrador - Topiramate (Topamax)
		However, it is believed that topiramate alters the chemical impulses in the brain that cause seizures.
		Symptoms of a topiramate overdose are unknown but may include severe drowsiness, poor coordination, tremor, confusion, difficulty speaking, and nausea.
		Topiramate may increase the effects of other drugs that cause drowsiness, including antidepressants, alcohol, antihistamines, pain relievers, sedative (sleep aids), anxiety medicines, and muscle relaxants.
	www.nfld.net /epilepsy/drugs/topiramate.html (1126 words)

	Topiramate (Systemic) - MayoClinic.com
		Although there is no specific information comparing the use of topiramate in children with use in other age groups, this medicine is not expected to cause different side effects or problems in children than it does in adults.
		In studies done to date that have included adults older than 60 years of age, topiramate has not been shown to cause different side effects or problems in older people than it does in younger adults.
		It is important that you drink plenty of fluids every day during therapy with topiramate to help prevent kidney stones from forming.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/drug-information/DR203085 (1870 words)

	Topiramate (Topamax) - The ALS Association
		The purpose of the study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of topiramate in the treatment of ALS.
		The objective of this 12-month study was to determine whether topiramate would slow the progressive deterioration of motor function in people with ALS.
		The study was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the safety and efficacy of topiramate.
	www.alsa.org /patient/drug.cfm?id=57 (239 words)

	Clinical Trial: Topiramate in the Treatment of Sciatica
		Topiramate belongs to a group of medications commonly used to treat pain caused by nerve damage.
		We propose to study the anti-epileptic drug topiramate, which combines multiple potential analgesic actions including sodium channel blockade, GABA agonist-like effects and AMPA/kainate glutamate receptor blockade.
		Patients will be called twice a week to individually titrate doses of topiramate towards a maximum of 800 mg per day and monitor side effects.
	clinicaltrials.gov /ct/show/NCT00011804 (1218 words)

	topiramate in bipolar disorder
		These data could support a major shift in strategy, away from valproate as a mainstay mood stabilizer, because of the associated weight problems (2.5 kilogram gain in this 6-week study), as they so often are seen in practice); toward a medication whose effectiveness is in serious question but which does not have the weight-gain problem.
		And the topiramate + risperidone group had no more significant nor serious side effects, while their weight stayed stable (half lost a little, the other half did not).
		Even the patients on placebo lost weight, almost 2% of their body weight, which may not sound like much, but these folks had to be quite overweight to get into this study.
	www.psycheducation.org /depression/meds/topiramate.htm (869 words)

	Topiramate
		Topiramate is used to reduce the frequency of partial onset seizures and secondary generalized seizures.
		It is commonly used as an add on therapy for patients who are not controlled by their other anti-epileptic drugs alone.
		Using topiramate with certain other medications may alter the activity of either drug which can lead to ineffective seizure control or an increase in side effects.
	www.uic.edu /pharmacy/epilepsy/topirama.htm (300 words)

	Medications for Treating Alcohol Dependence - November 1, 2005 -- American Family Physician
		Although not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for this indication, the anticonvulsant topiramate and several serotonergic agents (e.g., fluoxetine, ondansetron) have been shown in recent studies to increase abstinence rates and decrease drinking.
		Topiramate (Topamax) and ondansetron (Zofran) are recommended to reduce drinking frequency and increase abstinence.
		In a 12-week double-blind RCT4 of actively drinking patients with alcohol dependence, topiramate was more effective than placebo in initiating abstinence (26 percent more abstinent days with topiramate) and in reducing self-reported drinks per day, drinks per drinking day, and heavy drinking days.
	www.aafp.org /afp/20051101/1775.html (2976 words)

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