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Topic: Topographic prominence

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	Prominence Theory
		Although prominence has been used inadvertently for many years for some purposes, it was used only to support some other concept and not as a primary concept in its own right, and it did not even have a name for most of that time.
		To compute the prominence of a peak usually requires a considerable amount of time and a keen eye for detail in examining the contours on a topographic map to find a saddle connecting a given peak to a higher peak and verifying that there is no higher saddle.
		In cases where prominence was computed for the purpose of determining whether a given peak should be considered a separate peak for inclusion on an altitude-based list, the peak was usually close to a higher peak, and the area that had to be searched was limited.
	www.cohp.org /prominence/theory.html (1784 words)

	Topographic prominence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The prominence of that peak is the height of that island.
		Prominence is interesting to mountaineers because it is an objective measurement that is strongly correlated with the subjective significance of a summit.
		Lists with a high topographic prominence cutoff tend to favour isolated peaks or those that are the highest point of their massif; a low value, such as the Nuttalls', results in a list with many summits which may be viewed by some as insignificant.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Topographic_prominence (2174 words)

	Peakbagger.com Help and Glossary Page
		Prominence is the vertical distance a given summit rises above the lowest col connecting it to a higher summit.
		Prominence is defined as the vertical distance a given summit rises above the lowest col connecting it to a higher summit.
		Calculating the prominence of a peak can be very tedious work, since the key col is often very far away from a high-prominence peak, and it can take hours to pore over maps, following obscure divide lines to find the low point of a connecting ridge.
	www.peakbagger.com /help.aspx (3327 words)

	Mountain Prominence
		Prominence is easy to understand when the two mountains are side by side, but the definition applies to all mountains.
		The "prominence" of Resplendent mountain is 483m above the Resplendent-Robson col. This "key saddle" is the lowest point on the ridge which connects Resplendent to Robson, and thus determines the prominence of the lower peak.
		In order to prove the prominence of a peak, you usually need to identify one or two possible "parent peaks" and then eliminate all but one of them by comparing the lowest point on their connecting ridges.
	bivouac.com /PgxPg.asp?PgxId=277 (1005 words)

	SummitPost - Ultra-prominence Peaks of the 48 States -- Climbing, Hiking & Mountaineering
		Topographic prominence allows all mountains to be measured on a level playing field.
		The prominence of the mountain is the same as the height of that imaginary island.
		The prominence of the highest points on land masses is measured as the elevation of the highpoint above the level of the surrounding water.
	summitpost.org /.../174556/ultra-prominence-peaks-of-the-48-states.html (505 words)

	Mountain Hierarchy using Prominence Islands
		The term "prominence" is a problematic term, because many people immediately start to argue with the concept because prominence has a visual connotation.
		Ancestors (topographic ancestors) The ancestors of a peak are its parent peak, and the parent of its parent, and so on.
		Prominence is a confusing term, but we are stuck with it because it is in common usage.
	bivouac.com /PgxPg.asp?PgxId=190 (1655 words)

	Rhinoclimbs: Trip Reports
		Another way to say it is that prominence equals the peak's elevation minus the elevation of the lowest contour that encircles that peak, and no higher peak.
		This is a tremendous prominence, which ranks “Lowly Oly” 7969' as having a greater prominence than absolutely every one of the 54 14,000+ foot peaks in Colorado, except Mt Elbert 14433' (P9073).
		Steve's prominence religion was different than John Lixvar's, and he sometimes came up with different numbers for prominence on the same peak by his “split the difference” method, described in the Table below.
	www.rhinoclimbs.com /prominence.html (2113 words)

	Topographic Prominence
		Until all prominence peaklists and climbing records are converted to mean prominence, this web page will indicate which lists and records still use a clean prominence definition for both ranking peaks; and determining which peaks make the list.
		Dominance is a peak's prominence divided by the summit elevation.
		John Roper, Jeff Howbert, and Steve Fry - Determined the prominences of 2,000 peaks in Washington and Oregon.
	www.cohp.org /prominence (1561 words)

	PEAKLIST - Prominence of Mountains of the World
		The website is designed to provide definitive lists of summits organized around the concept of topographic prominence.
		Prominence is the elevation of a summit relative to the highest point to which one must descend before reascending to a higher summit.
		Prominence has generated considerable discussion and theory, and may be a central concept to a better understanding of the mathematical properties of the earth's surface.
	www.peaklist.org (770 words)

	Washington’s Major Peaks
		In fact, for a summit even to be officially considered a “peak,” the Bulgers generally required that it have at least 400 feet of prominence, or 800 feet in the case of a volcanic satellite.
		Prominence is a very objective criterion because fairly precise numerical values (usually with a tolerance of 40 feet) can be determined from topographic maps.
		These peaks are topographically significant, with summit elevations ranging from 8207 to 9511 feet, but I have listed them from north to south in order to de-emphasize the importance of elevation in the selection process.
	www.eskimo.com /~sfox/WAPEAKS (5458 words)

	Lists You May Never Have Heard Of
		The prominence of a peak is the height to which it rises above the highest col connecting it to a higher neighbor.
		The prominence lists, on the other hand, use prominence as their criterion for ranking peaks.
		For a good discussion of prominence, with pointers to a variety of lists, see the prominence page on the county highpointers site.
	home.earthlink.net /~ellozy/otherlists.html (1350 words)

	Appendix I:Glossary
		A term that includes all processing by which soil and rock materials fail and are transported downslope predominantly en masse by the direct application of gravitational body stresses.
		A large topographic prominence or chain of elevations.
		Said of the processes, conditions, areas, climates, and topographic features at the immediate margins of former and existing glaciers and ice sheets, and influenced by the cold temperature of the ice.
	www.lindbergh.k12.mo.us /mars/VOViews/APPEN1.HTM (960 words)

	New England Fifty Finest Peaks
		Preliminary manual attempts to produce such a list were aided immeasurably by Edward Earl who used a computer algorithm on digital elevation data to produce a tentative list of New England peaks with over 1000 feet of "prominence", which is the term he gave to this calculated rise.
		Unfortunately the digital elevations are taken on a grid that may not hit the actual high and low points, so the results must be adjusted manually using paper topographic maps.
		Note that most of these are well known as highest in their area even if they are not among the highest in their state.
	home.earthlink.net /~ellozy/Prominence.html (302 words)

	Physiographic Setting
		This region is characterized by low topographic relief and occupies nearly the entire coastal section of the Bight watershed, except for the immediate urban core, which is included within the Piedmont and New England Upland Provinces.
		It projects prominently above the Hudson Valley and the surrounding foothills of the Taconics to the west, north, and south, and above the valley of the Little Hoosic River, which separates the plateau from the higher ridges of the Taconic Mountain range to the east.
		The Catskill Mountains are a prominent example of this mountainous appearance, owing to the strong physiographic relief in those areas adjacent to the low-lying Hudson and Kittatinny Valleys.
	training.fws.gov /library/pubs5/web_link/text/geolsect.htm (7885 words)

	Topographic Prominence Dissertation Help, Write a Dissertation on Topographic Prominence Thesis
		Since 1998, our Topographic Prominence experts have helped master, doctoral, and post-graduate students worldwide by providing the most comprehensive research service on the Internet for Topographic Prominence studies and coursework.
		Our Topographic Prominence researchers are highly-educated specialists with impeccable research and writing skills who have vast experience in preparing doctoral-level research materials.
		Topographic Prominences Dissertation Copyright © 1999-2006 www.phd-dissertations.com All rights reserved.
	www.phd-dissertations.com /topic/topographic_prominence_dissertation_thesis.html (795 words)

	maps of rainier area (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It shows the topographic setting of Orting and the sites of the proposed and present high schools.
		Map of Rainier-Tacoma Region This is a locator map of the region between Mount Rainier and Seattle/Tacoma.
		Topographic Map of Washington This map will give you a feel for the general topography of the area.
	www.cotf.edu /ete/modules/volcanoes/vmapsorting.html (146 words)

	> 7 Fathom Reef
		Seven and One Half Fathom Bank is a small topographic prominence located on the continental shelf of the northwestern Gulf of Mexico.
		Seven and One Half Fathom Bank is a small sandstone prominence and is largely covered by mats of tube-building polychaete worms, sponges, ascidians and hydroids.
		The reef bears an assemblage of molluscs and crustaceans of mixed warm-temperate and tropical affinities and a substantial number of species in common with the south Texas jetties and other near shore banks further north such as Herald Bank off Galveston.
	www.divesouthpadre.com /Dive_Trips_HTML/7_fathom_reef.html (354 words)

	Using ArcGrid to Calculate Topographic Prominence in an Archaeological Landscape - GISCafe
		Topographic prominence can be defined as the perceived difference in height between an individual and it's surroundings within a defined neighborhood.
		Because this difference can be seen as an element of visual/political control, topographic prominence may provide clues to perceived social hierarchy and rank.
		This study uses ArcGrid to discover topographic prominence in a landscape at a variety of neighborhood scales.
	www10.giscafe.com /link/display_detail.php?link_id=10672 (151 words)

	The Potomac-Shenandoah River System \| The Geology of Virginia
		The geologic structure of Massanutten is that of a synclinorium (a regional scale syncline with subordinate anticlines and synclines).
		Northeast of Strasburg, the topographic prominence of Massanutten Mountain yields to the relatively low ground in the Great Valley and the North Fork turns towards the east, joining the South Fork at Front Royal.
		The prominent bluffs on the south bank of the Potomac in Westmoreland County are scarps in the process of forming.
	www.wm.edu /geology/virginia/rivers/potomac-shenandoah.html (1545 words)

	Prominence Theory
		I have uploaded an unpublished essay entitled Prominence and Orometrics that I wrote in 2003.
		This should serve as an introduction to the concepts and usefulness of important concepts such as prominence, key saddles, divide trees, mountain lineage and parents, and domains.
		Citation: Prominence and Orometrics: A Study of the Measurement of Mountains.
	www.peaklist.org /theory/theory.html (222 words)

	Papa Bear's Torngat Mountains Web Site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Elevation and prominence units: All elevations and prominence values are given in feet since the original sources (the NTS maps) for this region use this unit exclusively.
		Since prominence values depend on the height of the col to the next higher peak, and since these are known only from the next higher countour shown on the maps, the actual prominence may be up to 100' higher than listed (or up to 200' higher if the peak elevation is not a spot elevation).
		Prominence values calulated this way are called "clean prominence", and because of this uncertainty, they should be considered lower bounds for the actual prominence.
	www.stuyvesantcove.org /Torngats/Torngats_Main.shtml (5232 words)

	Swiss2.html
		The concept is familiar to anyone who has hiked up a mountain--the veiling effects of atmospheric haze cause topographic features in the distance to look fainter than features in the foreground.
		When aerial perspective is applied to map shaded relief, higher topographic features should be shown with slightly more contrast than lowland features because they appear closer to readers who, theoretically, view the map from above.
		When applied to a shaded relief the median filter smoothes topographic irregularities on slopes and, amazingly, retains the rugged characteristics of ridge tops and canyon bottoms.
	www.shadedrelief.com /shading/Swiss.html (1017 words)

	Mission Peak Landslide, Fremont, CA - J. David Rogers
		Wahrhaftig (1978) opined that the prominent ground cracks noted in 1868 could be the tensile scarps noted in vicinity of the landslide headscarp, between elevations 1700 and 1830, which are noticeable in all historic aerial photos, predating the earliest in 1939.
		The prominent bench developed along the landslide"s headscarp graben and the observed back-rotation of this block suggests the basal landslide slip surface flattens in vicinity of the headscarp, as shown in Figs.
		But, the topographic prominence of this lower ridge/bench may also be ascribable to tectonic uplift along the Mission fault, which underlies the ridge (as depicted in Fig.
	web.umr.edu /~rogersda/hazard_mitigation_techniques/landslides/fremont/MP.htm (10883 words)

	Castleberry Hill Historic District
		The topographic prominence that was Castleberry Hill is still apparent within the district.
		Parking lots are covered with asphaltic concrete or plain concrete, and undeveloped building lots, if not used for spontaneous parking, are left open and cleared of all but volunteer vegetation.
		Topographic differences are accommodated in many places by rough-cut granite walls and at other locations by steeply graded, unplanted banks.
	www.artery.org /CastleberryHill.htm (2652 words)

	pg b420a: Fourth annual report of the Geological Survey of Texas Publication 5235917-4
		Along Jim Ned creek the most prominent part is four to five feet of hard massive gray limestone.
		The bed has little topographic prominence, and it is mainly in sharply eroded places that its strata may be seen.
		This bed has a thickness of 100 to 150 feet, and is composed of bluish clay, gray shaly sandy clay, a little coal at places, and some thin limestone and sandstone strata.
	www.lib.utexas.edu /books/landscapes/publications/txu-oclc-5235917-4/txu-oclc-5235917-4-b420a-print.html (296 words)

	TOPOGRAPHIC PROMINENCE Articles from AMAZINES.COM - The Article Database and EZine Publishers Database
		In topography, prominence, also known as autonomous height (in America), relative height (in America), shoulder drop (in America) or prime factor (in Europe), is a concept used in the categorization of hills and mountains.
		It describes the height of a peak relative to surrounding ground, and in a way that makes precise the intuition that the world's second-tallest mountain is in fact K2 (height 8,611&_160;m, prominence 4017&_160;m), and not, say, Everest's South Summit (height 8749&_160;m, prominence about 10&_160;m).
		Only topographic summits with a sufficient degree of prominence are regarded as "mountains" rather than subsidiary peaks.
	www.amazines.com /Topographic_prominence_related.html (492 words)

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