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Topic: Toponym

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	Toponym
		In geography, cartography, linguistics and grammar, a toponym is a place name, a geographical name, a proper name of locality, region, or some other part of Earth's surface or its natural or artificial feature.
		In anatomy, toponym is a name of a region of the body, as distinguished from the name of an organ.
		In biology, a toponym is a binomial name of a plant.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/pl/Place_names.html (83 words)

	Toponymy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A toponym is a name of a locality, region, or some other part of Earth's surface or an artificial feature.
		In ethnology, a toponym is a name derived from a place or a region.
		Thus, the toponym of Hellespont was explained by Greek poets as being named after Helle, daughter of Athamas, who drowned here as she crossed it with her brother Phrixus on a flying golden ram.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Toponym (466 words)

	Toponyms data bank - Institute for the Languages of Finland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		At the present, the Toponyms Data Bank is one of the projects at the Research Department of the Research Institute for the Languages of Finland, and two or three onomasts are working on it yearly.
		The theory of analyzing toponyms syntactically and semantically is applied in the toponym data base; particularly the concept of toponyms as a system, as a part of the greater nomenclature to which each toponym belongs, as well as the concept of the syntactically and semantically defined place-name generics and specifics are prominent in the database.
		As to the material in the database, about 56% of toponyms have no mark in the field for structural type and/or formation of the toponym and about 39% are formed from former place- names in the nomenclature of the toponyms data base.
	www.kotus.fi /~rmiikkul/toponyms.html (2286 words)

	What is a Toponym?
		Toponyms are found in many different arenas of industry, enterprise, culture, and current events.
		The two thick cotton materials used for pants, denim and jean, are both toponyms: the first derives from the fact that it came from Nîmes, France – it was said to be “de Nîmes.” Jean comes from the French pronunciation – Gênes – of its city of origin, Genoa.
		Cambric and Chambray, fine cotton or linen and lightweight gingham respectively, are toponyms from the French textile-manufacturing town of Cambrai.
	www.wisegeek.com /what-is-a-toponym.htm (575 words)

	Western Indexing toponyms article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Toponyms present little difficulty in common parlance; no one thinks of the city of Chicago when hearing the words "New York," "Nueva York," "Manhattan," or "the Big Apple." When large sets of them need to be organized the task is not so easy, however.
		Toponyms referring to regions within Vietnam appeared that could reasonably be names for non-political historic areas, official province names for the governments before 1975, or official province names for the new government.
		In the NRCan toponyms database of the Canadian government it appears as a "geographical area" of northernmost Quebec, with an area of some 400,000 square miles and a population of less than 10,000.
	www.islandnet.com /~wesindex/toponyms.html (1385 words)

	Toponyms data bank - Institute for the Languages of Finland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Field work on toponyms has been done since the 1870s, and since the 1960s and 1970s it has been conducted more systematically with the help of increasingly better methods and maps (1).
		Despite of the argument mentioned above the development of the toponyms data base is prominently influenced by the toponomastic theory, developed in Finland by Kurt Zilliacus (2) and Eero Kiviniemi (3).
		Second, the toponym data is available – temporarily for the staff of the Research Institute only – in text data base TRIP, where searches are effected with the CCL (Common Command Language).
	www.kotus.fi /aineistot/nimiarkisto/paikannimet/toponyms.shtml (2234 words)

	TOPONYMY AND ETHNIC REALITIES AT THE LOWER DANUBE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Galaţi toponym on the Lower Danube, settled in the proximity of the Roman-Byzantine cities on the both sides of the river and especially near the city of Bărboşi, there are known other five homonymous settlements in the medieval Transylvania.
		For the toponym in Banat, the presence of a
		The presence of the Hungarian toponym in these regions, where many Hungarians, Romanians and Szeklers from Transylvania was established during the middle ages, is connected to the Hungarian Kingdom's interests in the corridors in the extracarpathian space that permitted them the acces towards the Danube's mouths through the Buzău and Sereth valleys.
	www.geocities.com /serban_marin/brezeanu2002.html (10886 words)

	Toponymy and Chronology
		The etymological derivation {1-350.} of a toponym is crucial only in the case of words that describe natural phenomena, and even then, it must be considered in the context of comparative linguistics.
		Particular care must be exercised with regard to toponyms drawn from personal names, for the latter are commonly drawn from a multitude of sources and ages.
		Some Romanian toponyms could date from this period, and perhaps from earlier, but it is difficult to establish their precise date of origin.
	mek.oszk.hu /03400/03407/html/61.html (2250 words)

	PALAIOVLACHOI - STARI VLAH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Novakoviç translated the toponym similarly, although he regarded that the notion of ‘Vlach’ from the medieval Serbian acts did not represent an ethnical category, but a social-professional one, respectively the sense of ‘shepherds’
		It is to be noticed that the expression of “the ancient Vlachs” appeared in the both cases, the Greek and the Serbian ones.
		It is more important the fact that the two toponyms seem to preserve the memory of an autonomous Wallachian political continuity, commanded by a voyvode.
	www.geocities.com /serban_marin/brezeanu2000.html (3300 words)

	Toponym (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		A toponym is a name of a locality, region, or some other part of Earth's surface or an artificial feature.
		In anatomy, a toponym is a name of a region of the body, as distinguished from the name of an organ.
		Thus, the toponym of Hellespont was explained by Greek poets as being named after Helle, daughter of Athamas, who drowned here as she crossed it with her brother Phrixus on a flying golden ram.
	www.zdnet.co.za /wiki/Toponym (697 words)

	Corela - Cognition, Représentation, Langage
		Actually all toponyms in the corpus with a frequency of 100 or over have been entered in the dictionary.
		The use of a determiner is, in fact, lexicalized and hence part of the wording of a toponym.
		For some toponyms, however, it is impossible to determine their gender by the ending on the associated word types: (1) for toponyms with an compulsory classifier, the classifier governs the gender of the phrase, and (2) for ?pluralia tantum?, gender is consistently unmarked in plural number.
	edel.univ-poitiers.fr /corela/document.php?id=387 (2242 words)

	A little bit about toponymy
		Most of the toponyms are related to the activities of those tribes - hunting, fishing; animal names are also rather frequent.
		Most of the toponyms in the Ladoga area are Karelian, although the Russian population often gave places they knew, new names that sounded like the original ones.
		The history of every toponym is extremely interesting, for the names of the larger geografical objects always cause discussions with plenty of suggested possibilities.
	helyla.onego.ru /toponymy_eng.html (1378 words)

	Towards a Reference Corpus for Automatic Toponym Resolution Evaluation - Leidner (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Toponym resolution is the task of mapping from an entity to a spatial representation (an extensional coordinate model), given the context.
		Whereas work on the temporal dimension is ongoing [17], to date no reference corpus exists to evaluate competing algorithms for toponym resolution.
		Toponym Resolution in Text: "Which Sheffield is it?" - Leidner (2004)
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /663794.html (522 words)

	A Way With Words, The Electronic Newsletter of Wordorigins.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		A toponym is a name of something that denotes a geographical place, usually the place of origin of the thing named.
		Among toponyms, a few are street names that have come to be associated with industries and activities located there.
		On the other side of the continent, Sand Hill Road is emblematic of the venture capital industry that fuels Silicon Valley (another toponym of a sort, but not a street), after the street in Palo Alto where many VC firms reside.
	www.wordorigins.org /AWWW/Vol04/AWWW062405.html (837 words)

	Karvajar (Kalbajar) province (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Early medieval sources name this region Vaykunik (Anania Shirakatsi, Movses Kaghankatvatsi), while the sources of later period use the toponym "the Land of Tzar" or the "province (gavar) of Tzar".
		During the Persian rule the latter as a separate administrative entity was subordinated to the beklerbek - the governor of Yerevan province." Since the middle of the XVIIIcent.
		The etymology of this toponym is apparently connected with the ethnonym of Kolani - one of the nomadic tribes that used to frequent the pastures of Karvajar.
	www.bvahan.com /ArmenianWay/aw/Eng/provinces/karvajar/hist.html (215 words)

	TOPONYMS OF THE ECUADORIAN HIGHLANDS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Rather than study each known local (and, perhaps, unique) toponym (which would be one potentially productive course of action) we decided to approach the search for clues by examining the distribution of toponymic elements (in most cases probably morphemes), most of which appeared to be non-imperial, i.e.
		All the toponyms (not just selected toponyms or toponymic elements) on all the maps were entered into computer files along with corresponding coordinates, and later plotted on their own maps (among them, those provided below) to highlight their distribution patterns.
		BUELA, BURO, BIRO and AMBI are primarily restricted to the Quito/Otavalo region; LEO to the Ambato region; -NAG and BUG to the Riobamba area.
	www.saraguro.org /toponyms.htm (1482 words)

	Adventures in Glossonomy
		The words toponym (‘place-name’) and toponymy (‘place-naming or the study thereof’) are words that have become well established in English, and can be found in any standard dictionary.
		Glossonyms – as is the case with toponyms – can be either endonyms (names by which a language is known by its own speakers or writers) or exonyms (names given to a language in other languages).
		The main difference between toponyms and glossonyms is that the former are, by and large, absolute, while the latter are relative.
	www.ce.berkeley.edu /~coby/essays/gloss.htm (4657 words)

	The Chicago Blog: Get these inflammatory toponyms before they're gone
		As I discuss in From Squaw Tit to Whorehouse Meadow, twentieth-century American mapmakers inherited a cultural landscape with inflammatory toponyms like Jap Gulch and Nigger Hill, hidden in plain sight on government topographic maps but difficult to remove because of bureaucratic inertia.
		While the more offensive racial slurs were erased in the 1960s and 1970s by blanket renaming, politically incorrect or raunchy toponyms become controversial when local residents resist efforts to replace names like Squaw Peak and Whorehouse Meadow, with a recognized yet sullied history.
		Collecting maps with quirky place names is also fun, especially when snapshots reinforce the apparent absurdity of toponyms like Truth or Consequences, New Mexico, or Chargoggagoggmanchauggagoggchaubunagungamaugg, a lake in central Massachusetts near the Connecticut border.
	pressblog.uchicago.edu /2006/06/06/get_these_inflammatory_toponym.html (619 words)

	Google Earth Community: Apr 18 Update - Going back in toponym
		Even in unofficial contexts, they are used nearly always too in order to reflect the general criteria - that is, a preference for the Catalan forms.
		As you may suppose, the Catalan Government is part of the official spanish institutions and has exclussive attributions in the area of toponymia in the catalan territory.
		Toponyms used in Google Earth are the ones used during the Franco era which substituted the official names at the same time that Catalan was forbidden and people who used Catalan suffered prosecution, so I think it's not only an error but an offending question for people in Catalonia.
	bbs.keyhole.com /ubb/showflat.php?Number=392955 (779 words)

	[word-l] toponym
		The word of the day is: toponym \TOP-uh-nim\, n.
		"Toponym" is in the Dictionary of Difficult Words[1] I mentioned a while back.
		I was thinking about Scandinavia today, after a long search to see whether there was a special typographical symbol designating the Swedish Kroner.
	www.ransford.org /pipermail/word-l/2002-August/000091.html (160 words)

	Language Log: Playing for the Dominican, skiing in Czech, working in Saudi
		Great British" problem: it's what happens when a country has a straightforward toponymic adjective in English but lacks a one-word nominal form.
		I can think of two other cases where a nation's toponymic adjective gets informally pressed into service as a noun as well (though neither uses the word "the" as in "the Dominican").
		The other case that springs to mind is "Saudi," sometimes used as shorthand for "Saudi Arabia." This is a bit different from stripping "Republic" from "(the) Dominican/Czech Republic," as "Arabia" is itself a perfectly serviceable toponym prefixed by an adjective derived from the ruling House of Saud.
	itre.cis.upenn.edu /~myl/languagelog/archives/002893.html (1701 words)

	GLOSSARY OF TOPONYMIC TERMINOLOGY
		Toponyms and other verbal and numerical items such as descriptive terms and spot and contour elevations in a map.
		Toponym found in historical document(s) and being no more in current use.
		Toponym applied to a feature on the surface of the Moon.
	www.ngi.be /NL/glossary/glossang-mn.htm (511 words)

	TOPONYM Articles from AMAZINES.COM - The Article Database and EZine Publishers Database
		Toponymy is the taxonomic study of toponyms (place-names), their origins and their meanings.
		In linguistics and ethnology, a toponym is a name derived from a place or a region.
		George Rippey Stewart theorized, in his book Names on the Globe, that Hellespont originally meant something like "narrow Pontus" or "entrance to Pontus," "Pontus" being an ancient name for the region around the Black Sea, and by extension, for the sea itself.
	www.amazines.com /Toponym_related.html (810 words)

	Wordcraft Archives, November 2005
		In geography, a toponym is the name of a place (England), especially one describing landscape (Pacific Ocean).
		In the linguistic sense - not yet in OED - a toponym is a word derived from a place name.
		By 1604 the form sherry was being used as a singular, on the mistaken assumption that sherris was a plural.
	wordcraft.infopop.cc /Archives/2005-11-Nov.htm (5098 words)

	Tourism @ Lebanon.com
		The modern place name Adlun derives from the Latin toponym, Mutatio ad Nonum, mentioned in the Bordeaux Itinerary and said to be located 18 kilometers north of Tyre.
		Like Sarafand, the ancient settlement lies under the ruins of Tell Ras Abu Zayd on the seashore, while the modern village is built on the neighboring hills.
		It may be the Marubbu of the annals of Esarhaddon and this name survives in the modern toponym of near-by al Maarib.
	www.lebanon.com /tourism/adlun.htm (309 words)

	Wordcraft Dictionary, T-Z
		tarantism – toponym: a disorder characterized by an uncontrollable urge to dance
		toponym – the name of a place, or a word derived from a place name
		tranquillityite – toponym: a certain mineral not of earth, found in the Sea of Tranquillity, on the moon
	wordcraft.infopop.cc /Dictionary/part6.htm (4033 words)

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