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Topic: Topper (archaeological site)

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	Topper - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Topper (film), a 1937 film based on the Smith novels, or one of its sequels
		Topper (archaeological site), in South Carolina in the United States
		Topper Headon, the drummer in the band The Clash
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Topper (199 words)

	Topper (archaeological site) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Topper is an archaeological site located along the Savannah River in Allendale County, South Carolina in the United States.
		Goodyear, who began excavating the Topper site in the 1980s, believes that the artifacts are stone tools, although other archaeologists dispute this conclusion, suggesting that the artifacts may be natural and not human-made.
		Topper Site layers photo Stratigraphic layers photo of the Topper Site and the Pre-Clovis layers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Topper_(archaeological_site) (386 words)

	Topper Spa -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Topper's hull is made of injection moulded polypropylene and at a compact 11', is easily carried on the roof of a car.
		Topper was unable to give up drugs and left the band at the beginning of the tour in 1982.
		''Topper'' is a 1937 comedy film which tells the story of a stuffy, stuck-in-his-ways man who is haunted by the ghosts of a fun-loving married couple.
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/149/topper-spa.html (812 words)

	Early Dates, Real Tools?
		Albert Goodyear, excavator of South Carolina's Topper Site, examines possible artifacts from deep, pre-Clovis layers at the site.
		In 1998, Goodyear put the Topper site on the map with his discovery of artifacts that seemed to predate the early Clovis culture that flourished in North America beginning some 13,000 years ago, long the conventional date for the first human colonization of the New World.
		Topper joined the growing ranks of other, sometimes controversial, sites that seemed to show some evidence of pre-Clovis peoples, including Monte Verde in Chile, Virgina's Saltville and Cactus Hill sites, and Meadowcroft in Pennsylvania.
	www.archaeology.org /online/news/topper.html (599 words)

	Paleoindian Research in Western Pennsylvania
		The Indian Camp run site conforms to Lantz’s (1984:211) lowland waterside campsite type and is considered by this author to be the typical Paleoindian type site found throughout the unglaciated portion of the Allegheny River valley, a similar conclusion as detailed by Lantz (1984) for the Glaciated Allegheny Plateau.
		Of the several Paleoindian sites located by Robert Young of Rossiter, PA and found in the unglaciated portion of the Appalachain Plateau, along the Mahoning Creek drainage in southern Jefferson County, the majority of the Paleoindian sites conform to the low waterside camp (per comm Robert Young 2004).
		Sites with a high proportion of tools to debitage are, according to Carr and Adovasio (2002:35), the most common type of Paleoindian site in the East.
	www.orgsites.com /pa/alleghenyarchaeology/_pgg3.php3 (12524 words)

	Center for the Study of the First Americans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Topper is one of several Allendale chert quarry sites he started investigating in the early 1980s when a local informant named David Topper showed him the site.
		Having inspected the site in person, they stated their belief that the Monte Verde site was a true archaeological site and that it was 14,500 calendar years old--fully 1,000 years older than the Clovis culture in North America.
		In April 1998 USNWR included the brand-new discovery at the Topper site in its lengthy article on the controversial issue of when the Western Hemisphere was first peopled.
	www.centerfirstamericans.com /mt.php?a=13 (2280 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Carbon dating on what is believed to be an ancient living site returned a date of 50,300 years, however further investigation is needed to prove the burnt vegetable matter and stone chips were the product of human hands.
		Plant material at USC's Topper archaeological site in Allendale County has been radiocarbon dated to approximately 50,000 years ago and may be older, said Albert Goodyear, a USC archaeologist in charge of the project.
		The Topper site may prove to be one more valuable clue in uncovering the ancient history of the North American continent.
	www.atsnn.com /article/98565 (748 words)

	USC excavation site yields vital discovery - News
		Evidence from USC's Topper site, an archaeological excavation in Allendale County, is changing the way many archaeologists look at North America.
		But the Topper excavation site, which was featured on Alan Alda's "Scientific American Frontiers" on PBS, provided recent findings that might suggest humans arrived well before these Paleo-Indians, possibly as far back as 25,000 years ago.
		Topper invited broadcast and print media to interview experts and explore the site July 22.
	www.dailygamecock.com /news/2004/07/21/News/Usc-Excavation.Site.Yields.Vital.Discovery-694695.shtml (435 words)

	CGCAS digs at Topper 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The site is a long-known chert outcrop serving as a quarry/workshop area tool-making headquarters for the paleo inhabitants.
		But the discoveries at the Topper Site in rural Allendale County, about 85 miles southwest of Columbia, are part of a growing body of evidence that could overturn that theory.
		Topper and the other sites have attracted national attention, in part, because of the bitter dispute between Clovis-firsters and pre-Clovis camps.
	www.cgcas.org /topper.htm (3131 words)

	Zinken: [06] Human Migration (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.virginia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Rubbish dug a generation ago from an oceanside archaeological site first occupied around 8,000 BCE in California (USA) is being re-examined for clues that could bolster the theory some of the first Americans to stream into the New World hugged the Pacific coast, reaping the bounty of the land and the sea.
		From post-gazette.com: An archaeological site in Siberia – long thought to be the original jumping off point for crossing the Bering land bridge into North America – is actually much younger than previously believed, shaking the theory that the first Americans migrated overland during the final cold snap of the last great ice age.
		An archaeological site in Siberia -- long thought to be the original jumping-off point for crossing the Bering land bridge into North America -- is actually much younger than previously believed, shaking the theory that the first Americans migrated overland during the final cold snap of the last great ice age...
	zinken.typepad.com.cob-web.org:8888 /palaeo/06_human_migration/index.html (5278 words)

	Dig site yields prehistoric evidence - News
		Discoveries at a USC archaeological excavation might mean a radical overhaul for scientific theories relating to man's origins in North America.
		Test results from charcoal discovered at the Topper site, USC's archaeological dig in Allendale County, suggest that humans lived in North America at least 37,000 years before conventional theories have held, USC archaeologists say.
		"Topper is the oldest radiocarbon-dated site in North America," Goodyear said in a news release.
	www.dailygamecock.com /media/storage/paper247/news/2004/11/19/News/Dig-Site.Yields.Prehistoric.Evidence-811361.shtml?norewrite200606062306&sourcedomain=www.dailygamecock.com (324 words)

	Dig may change beliefs on early peoples \| LJWorld.com
		It was Friday afternoon, just after lunch, and volunteer archaeologists at this dig site had uncovered one of the largest finds of the weeklong dig: a stone about the size of a nickel.
		The archaeologists on the site are working in shifts of about 50, spread across three dig sites in the side of the creek bed.
		Mandel said this was the first site uncovered from the period in Kansas or Nebraska, and one of only a handful from the Midwest.
	www2.ljworld.com /news/2005/jun/12/kanorado/?ku_news (1448 words)

	Project 0
		Sixteen-year-old Butler Evers was closing out his day at the Topper archaeological site in Allendale County by digging a skinny channel to guide expected overnight rain away.
		For five years, the Topper site near the Clariant manufacturing plant on the Savannah River has yielded evidence of human habitation in the area during the Ice Age.
		As important as the experts are in validating the Topper site finds, Goodyear said it's the amateur scientists who volunteer at the dig who make the project work.
	www.missgien.net /project0/archief/00001449.html (1434 words)

	CNN.com - Scientist: Man in Americas earlier than thought - Nov 17, 2004
		"Topper is the oldest radiocarbon dated site in North America," said Albert Goodyear of the University of South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology.
		A scattering of sites from South America to Oklahoma have found evidence of a human presence before 13,000 years ago -- or the first Clovis sites -- since the discovery of human artifacts in a cave near Clovis, New Mexico, in 1936.
		Scientists and volunteers at the site in Allendale have unearthed hundreds of possible implements, many appearing to be stone chisels and tools that could have been used to skin hides, butcher meat or carve antlers, wood and ivory.
	edition.cnn.com /2004/TECH/science/11/17/carolina.dig/index.html (956 words)

	SC Sea Grant Consortium - Coastal Heritage, Spring 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Small stone pieces excavated at the Topper site in Allendale County could be central to the story of Homo sapiens.
		The Topper site was one of the best sources of chert in the region.
		Another problem with many pre-Clovis sites, critics say, is that natural items (such as burnt plant material) dated by radiocarbon techniques do not accurately reflect their real age.
	www.scseagrant.org /library/library_coaher_spr05.htm (5245 words)

	ALUMNI/FRIEND OF THE MONTH - February 2006
		Petroglyphs are a newly discovered type of site recently found in South Carolina by Tommy Charles and dedicated citizens in local areas.
		All of the OSL dates on the Topper sediments were paid for by this fund, including the preClovis dates of 14,000 and 15,000 KA, dates that showed that the preClovis occupation of Topper was at least that old.
		This Fund also supported obtaining a professional land survey of the Topper site for its site grid and topographic elevations that is critical to reconstructing the relative ages for the Pleistocene terraces.
	www.cas.sc.edu /dean/donorarchive_feb06.html (772 words)

	Indian Camp Run Miscellany
		The site was positioned at a narrow and sometimes shallow point along the river at or near a likely trail crossing.
		As it was throughout the ages, the site was used as an important basecamp during the Late Woodland period.
		While the number of excavated sites producing Paleoindian artifacts found buried in situ is rare, there are a number of recorded fluted points that have been found in plowed fields and eroding from river banks in the Allegheny River valley.
	www.orgsites.com /pa/alleghenyarchaeology/_pgg9.php3 (15781 words)

	Pre-Clovis Surprise
		Excavations have revealed a deep stratum with apparently pre-Clovis artifacts at the Topper site on the Savannah River near Allendale, South Carolina.
		At the time, no site had been accepted as older than Clovis (10,800 to 11,200 radiocarbon years), and there was therefore no reason to expect deeper culture-bearing deposits existed.
		Goodyear thinks the site was used for the exploitation of chert pebbles sometime between 12,000 and 20,000 years ago.
	www.archaeology.org /9907/newsbriefs/clovis.html (505 words)

	Coastal Carolina University Magazine - The Coastal Experience - Spring 2001
		Goodyear has worked on the site since 1983, shortly after a local man named Topper first took him there to inspect what turned out to be a Stone Age quarry.
		His archaeological digs there had unearthed all sorts of potentially revolutionary finds – possibly pre-Clovis tools and artifacts – but he was having trouble establishing the age of the discoveries.
		The fact that the Topper site is located on the banks of the Savannah River made it ideal for Coastal researchers, who have long experience in studying coastal waterways.
	www.coastal.edu /magazine/spring2001/feature01b.html (1068 words)

	Pre-Clovis Cultures in North America
		Discoveries within the last 10-15 years at South Carolina's Topper Site, Saltville and Cactus Hill sites in Virginia and Meadowcroft in Pennsylvania, have prompted a re-thinking and, as a result, a new term is being tossed around…‘Pre-Clovis’.
		Potentially the best evidence Pre-Clovis peoples existed is at the Day’s Knob site in Ohio and the similar Nichol’s site in Tennessee plus the Lost Valley site in Pennsylvania.
		While the Day's Knob site itself should indeed prove very important, a testimonial to a manufacturing site is as good as it gets, most importantly Mr.
	www.matrixbookstore.biz /preclovis.htm (2139 words)

	Mammoth Rocks
		Their location at the back of the prairie, and along the ecotone separating the prairie and coastal range, almost guarantees that both rubbing rock sites were on a major trail corridor that led north and south along the interior edge of the coastal plain.
		While none of the sites may actually prove to be associated with the earliest coastal occupations, they do suggest that the coastal prairie/coastal range ecotone was utilized extensively in the past.
		Tom Origer’s fall 2004 fieldclass will return to the site, and by the end of this year, we hope to have a better idea of what is to be found in the deeper depths of the site.
	www.parks.ca.gov /default.asp?page_id=23566 (7826 words)

	2005 ALLENDALE-EXPEDITION REGISTRATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Known as the Topper Site, it appears to be one of several sites in the eastern U.S. producing evidence that man was living in the western hemisphere during the last Ice Age.
		The Topper site offers an exciting opportunity to participate and experience multi-disciplinary archaeological field work seeking answers to the fascinating questions surrounding the early occupation of the Americas.
		More information about previous field seasons at Topper is available in the Legacy newsletter, published by the SC Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology at the University of South Carolina.
	www.allendale-expedition.net (424 words)

	List of archaeological sites sorted by country - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This is a list of archaeological sites sorted by country.
		For one sorted by continent and time period, see the list of archaeological sites sorted by continent and age.
		Borg in Lofoten a Viking Age longhouse site
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_archaeological_sites_sorted_by_country (123 words)

	Monte Verde Under Fire
		Radiocarbon dates place the site at about 12,500 years before present, a millennium before the Clovis culture--named for a New Mexico site where distinctive fluted points were found with mammoth bones--which was long thought to represent the first people in the New World.
		Fiedel's criticisms are sure to ruffle feathers of the site's excavators and members of a blue-ribbon delegation of Paleoindian specialists who visited Monte Verde in 1997 and declared it valid.
		Excavation at wet sites is slow and tedious, often requiring immediate chemical treatment of such perishable remains as wooden tools, cordage, and other organic remains.
	www.archaeology.org /online/features/clovis (1118 words)

	GreenvilleOnline.com - USC findings rewrite history of man (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		University of South Carolina archeologist Albert Goodyear holds a 'chisel-like' tool which was found at the Topper dig site in Allendale County, after he spoke about the dig at a news conference Wednesday.
		The Topper site is named for the man who showed him the location.
		Pre-Clovis sites in America have been found in Pennsylvania, Oklahoma and Virginia that have suggested human settlement thousands of years earlier than the Clovis period.
	greenvilleonline.com /news/2004/11/17/2004111753305.htm (1079 words)

	SCIAA Personnel and Email Addresses
		His current research projects include archaeological predictive modeling, Early Archaic settlement in the Savannah River Valley, the Late Paleoindian and Early Archaic occupations of the Topper Site (38AL23), and modeling Pleistocene cultural networks in Far East Asia.
		She is currently a PI for the Applied Research Division, where she directs field projects and wrestles with the prehistoric ceramic typology of South Carolina.
		She works closely with the Archaeological Society of South Carolina and serves as the Treasurer, Membership Chair, and handles the selling and distribution of Society publications.
	www.cas.sc.edu /sciaa/bios.html (1793 words)

	'First Americans' May Be Johnnies-Come-Lately (Topper Site) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		University of South Carolina (ENLARGE) A crude hearth found at the Topper archaeological site in Allendale County, S.C., could — if confirmed — be the oldest evidence of human activity in North America.
		Goodyear stumbled across his site in the late 1990s, when heavy rains and flooding forced his team to seek a dig on higher ground.
		Even with a handful of sites, and differing interpretations of what constitutes an artifact, the park service's Anderson says a pre-Clovis colonization of North America "must be considered possible." But he hastens to add that such theories are still unproven.
	freerepublic.info /focus/f-news/1196832/posts (2676 words)

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