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Topic: Tornedalians

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Torne Valley

Sweden Finns

Kiruna Municipality

Haparanda Municipality

Finnish language

Torne River

Pajala Municipality

Finnish language spoken

Demographics of Sweden

1999

	Tornedalians - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Tornedalians are a Finnic people, traditionally speaking Meänkieli (which is widely considered to be a Finnish dialect).
		Tornedalians are often considered to be Sweden Finns.
		Cultural imperialism, in combination with a fear of Russia, led to Swedish attempts to assimilate and “Swedify” the Finnish-speaking population between 1850 and 1950.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Tornedalians (352 words)

	Tornedalians
		Tornedalians is a Finnic people traditionally speaking Meänkieli language that by many is considered a Finnish language dialect.
		Estimates are complicated by the situation that their remote and sparsely-populated area has been particularly struck by 20th century urbanization and unemployment.
		Olaus Magnus (1490–1557) might have refered to the Tornedalians as Bothnians in his Description of the northern peoples, since they dwelled near the Gulf of Bothnia, although he classified their language as Saami language.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/t/to/tornedalians.html (307 words)

	Euromosaic - Finnish in Sweden (Tornedalen)
		One of the main consequences was that few Tornedalians have developed literacy in their mother tongue and the language is therefore used mainly as an oral language.
		Another initiative was the publication of Finnish folklore texts (both in Tornedalian and standard Finnish) in order to be broadcasted on the radio and with the aim of spreading knowledge of the local situation.
		Tornedalians strongly believe they are different from the other Finnish or Swedish people; they defend their own characteristics, even if this implies keeping away from other cultures.
	www.uoc.es /euromosaic/web/document/fines/an/i2/i2.html (3739 words)

	Tornedalians
		The Tornedalians or Tornedalian Finns are a Finnic people, traditionally speaking Meänkieli (which is widely considered to be a Finnish Dialect).
		Olaus Magnus (1490-1557) might have referred to the Tornedalians as Bothnians in his Description of the Northern Peoples, since they lived near the Gulf of Bothnia, although he classified their language as Saami.
		It is licensed under the GNU free documentation license.
	www.ufaqs.com /wiki/en/to/Tornedalians.htm (359 words)

	Tornedalians - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tornedalians migrated from today's Southwestern Finland, mainly from Häme and Karelia.
		Settlement began around the northern end of the Gulf of Bothnia and along the river valleys nearby (River Kalix, Torne River, and Kemijoki River).
		Estimates are complicated by the fact that the remote and sparsely-populated Tornedalen area has been particularly struck by the twentieth century urbanization and unemployment.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tornedalians (476 words)

	Interaction across the Gulf of Bothnia
		language emancipation among Sweden Finns and Tornedalians in Sweden in connection with linguistic and cultural revitalization from 1960 to 1999.
		Tornedalian Finnish) by sending them to a school where the language in question is either the main language of the school or a school subject.
		Sweden Finns and Tornedalians in Sweden from 1960 to 2000: Leena Huss and Erling Wande (both have worked on the language situation in Tornedalen and among Sweden Finns in their previous research).
	www.abo.fi /instut/fisve-svefi/english/huss.html (1229 words)

	IASSA IPY Winsa submission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Most of the Saami and Tornedalians are in functional terms illiterate in their mother tongues.
		Finnish-speaking Tornedalians during the 1960s were less active in civil society and voted more on left wing and communist parties than did Swedish-speaking Tornedalians.
		A Swedish study argues that “(u)nemployment, marginalisation and lack of integration in society are strongly and negatively associated with social capital” and mortality.
	www.uaf.edu /anthro/iassa/ipywinsa.htm (902 words)

	Tornedalians Information
		The Tornedalians or Tornedalian Finns are members of the Finnic (a.k.a.
		Beginning in the 13th century the Tornedalians helped the Swedish expansion to the areas that today are part of northern Sweden.
		The minority status of the Tornedalians was officially recognized by the Swedish government in 1999 by the recognition of Meänkieli as one of the acknowledged minority languages in Sweden.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Tornedalians (536 words)

	Terralingua -- Discussion Paper #13
		Meänkieli is a Finno-Ugric language spoken by some 40-70,000 Tornedalians foremost in the northernmost municipalities of Sweden.
		The Swedish minorities are thus Sámi, Tornedalians, Swedish Finns, Roma, and Jews.
		Sámi and Tornedalian cultures are particularly mentioned as fields of importance.
	www.terralingua.org /DiscPapers/DiscPaper13.htm (1319 words)

	U.S.ENGLISH Foundation Official Language Research - Sweden: Language issues
		Nowadays Swedish representatives themselves (in the report of the Education Board of the Swedish Government) admit that although Sweden is a multicultural society, the co-living between cultures remains a problem, as multi-linguistic and cultural variety is seen as a difficulty rather than richness.
		The Tornedalian minority in Northern Sweden reported Swedish Television, Swedish Radio and Swedish Educational Broadcasting Company for discrimination against Tornedalians in radio and television.
		According to the Swedish Law, Tornedalians, whose language is called Tornedalian Finnish or Meänkieli, enjoy a “unique position” in Swedish media together with the Finnish and Sámis.
	www.us-english.org /foundation/research/olp/viewResearch.asp?CID=29&TID=3 (363 words)

	Wingstedt, Maria, Language Ideologies and Minority Language Policies in Sweden : Historical and contemporary ...
		This thesis concerns the nature and functioning of language ideologies in Sweden, principally as regards beliefs and attitudes of the majority group towards minority language issues.
		This includes a study of the history of Sweden's minority language policies towards the Saami and the Finnish-speaking Tornedalians.
		Furthermore, the controversial question of language requirements for naturalization (citizenship acquisition) is approached, where the rationale behind such requirements as well as the problems of assessing language competence in this context are discussed.
	www.immi.se /imer/thesis/wingstedt.htm (205 words)

	Euromosaic - Finnish In Sweden
		Finnish (including Tornedalen Finnish) is proposed to gain official status as a minority language and both Sweden Finns and Tornedalians are proposed to become official minority group (in addition to Sami, Romani and Jews).
		There is no use of Finnish by public authorities (except in those cities and municipalities where the local immigration office has Finnish-speaking personnel), although some social services are given in Finnish in the larger cities.
		There is also a recently-founded Tornedalian Language Board (although they have not fixed specific goals for its work).
	www.uoc.edu /euromosaic/web/document/fines/an/i1/i1.html (3419 words)

	Tornedalians (Sweden) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Unlike the recent immigrant Finnish group (SwedenFinns), the Tornedalians are native to Northern Sweden, as a result of arbiterary border settlement between Russia and Sweden in the 19th Century.
		Only recently, both Tornedalians and Swedish Finns were recognized as minorities in Sweden, joining Sami, Rom, Sinti and Jews as protected groups with cultural autonomy.
		There is no universal consensus on that flag among Tornedalians, and some minority of them flies a four-bar, also horizontal, with the red stripe added at the top.
	www.atlasgeo.net /fotw/flags/se_torne.html (169 words)

	Happy Dogs Clup, The biggest dog resource center,breeds,cloths (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In the Swedish mindset the term "Sweden Finn" historically denominated primarily the (previously) un-assimilated indigenous minority of ethnic Finns who ended up on the "wrong" side of the border when Sweden was partitioned in 1809, after the Finnish War, and the Russian Grand duchy of Finland was created.
		These Sweden Finns are chiefly categorized as either Tornedalians originating at the Finnishâ“Swedish border in the far north, or skogsfinnar ("Wood Finns") along the Norwegianâ“Swedish border in Central Sweden.
		Communities of Finns in Sweden can be traced back to the Reformation when the Finnish Church in Stockholm was founded in 1533, although earlier migration, and migration to other cities in present-day Sweden, remain undisputed.
	www.happydogsclup.com /sdmc_Sweden_Finns (695 words)

	[No title]
		In the case where somebody is eg five years old when he was expelled to Germany, see the paragraph above.
		In Sweden, the native minority of Finns (not Tornedalians) are those Finns that are born in the country (from immigrant parents presumably) and who consider themselves part of a Finnish minority.
		These definitions are in some ways intended to suggest language use rather than to give opinions on what political consequences this should have.
	www.df.lth.se /~cml/def-minority.txt (409 words)

	MEANKIELI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In general however the language is confined to personal and social use but this is slowly changing.
		Education: Tornedalians, like their Gypsy and Sami counterparts, have the right to home-language instruction where the language is part of their environment.
		The Association of Swedish Tornedalians continues to struggle for legal recognition which would ensure economic and cultural support for the promotion of the language.
	www.minority2000.net /Gr-75/t67gb.htm (441 words)

	Siirtolaisuusinstituutti - Institute of Migration
		Also aspects of Finland Swedes’ diasporic experiences will be accepted.
		Papers dealing with linguistically and culturally closely related groups, such as Tornedalians, Kven Finns and Forest Finns are welcome.
		A special session on Finnish Roma in the diaspora will also be opened.
	www.migrationinstitute.fi /index.php?subaction=showfull&id=1171361310&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1& (305 words)

	Sally Boyd - Literacy Conference
		The first of these challenges has arisen as a result of migration to Sweden.
		Persons born abroad now comprise more than 10% of Sweden’s population, while at the same time the country’s historical minorities — Finns, Sami, Tornedalians, Roms and Jews — have become more visible.
		These five groups have recently been recognized, along with their respective languages as Sweden has ratified the Council of Europe Charter for regional or minority languages and the Framework convention for the protection of national minorities.
	www.ched.uct.ac.za /literacy/SallyBoyd.html (347 words)

	Kven - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This has included claims about existence of a large Kven kingdom in Finnmark already in the Viking Age, but no indisputed evidence has so far been presented.
		In Sweden, some Tornedalians call themselves Kvens, claiming to be the direct descendants of the medieval Kvens.
		This group is attempting to get the Kvens recognized as the indigenous people in Northern Sweden in order to get the same rights to the land as the Sami people are predicted to get if Sweden accepts the ILO 169
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kven (1595 words)

	Emigranter KG
		There were also those who did emigrate without telling anyone at home, especially not the local vicar.
		The first set of Tornedalians heading for North America, did travel from North Norway during the spring and summer of 1864.
		These people had already been in Norway for at least a couple of years, and were now ripened for the Atlantic crossing.
	www.mfhn.com /houghton/finn/s_torikka/english/Eng-KG.asp (1460 words)

	CILP-Author Guidelines
		Winsa (1998: 212) notes that the definition of Tornedalians "as a 'native minority population' is apparently in contradiction to the Swedish constitution".
		Discussing linguistic and cultural identity, Winsa (1998: 136) found that some Tornedalians
		Have deliberately begun to use more Tornedalen Finnish in domains that earlier had had a strong Swedish influence, and feel proud of having proficiency in Finnish.
	www.cilp.net /StyleSheet.html (1089 words)

	The more languages the better
		One of the things which become clear from these chapters is that the national minority languages in Sweden have actually profited from the participation of Sweden in the European Union.
		Until the early 1990s, the Swedish government hardly paid any attention at all to indigenous minorities such as the Sami and the Tornedalians.
		The children of recent waves of immigration met with much more sympathy and understanding.
	www.vanoostendorp.nl /linguist/extragorter.html (654 words)

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