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	Lines of Torres Vedras - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Lines of Torres Vedras were lines of forts in Portugal built in secrecy between November 1809 and September 1810 during the Peninsular War.
		Wellington ordered the building of the Lines of Torres, as a system of fortifications blockhouses, redoubts, ravelins, cuts of natural relief, etc. The work began in the Autumn of 1809 and the first line was finished one year later.
		The four lines of Torres Vedras had forts strategically placed in the top of hills, controlling the roads to Lisbon and using the natural obstacles of the land.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lines_of_Torres_Vedras (981 words)

	Napoleonic Books : The Lines of Torres Vedras 1809 - 1811 : Peninsular War : Ian Fletcher : Bill Younghusband : Osprey ...
		Torres Vedras, the extensive defensive line that helped save Portugal from being successfully invaded by the French, has won fame for its almost battle-less victory.
		The Lines of Torres Vedras is one of the Fortress series from Osprey and will satisfy those interested in general Peninsular War history, as well as those who like more meat to their reading.
		In addition The Lines of Torres Vedras includes maps showing where the fortifcations ran, where the troops were based, cutaway artwork of the fortifications and excellent plans of Napoleonic forts.
	www.napoleonguide.com /books_osp_torres.htm (371 words)

	Torres Vedras - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The town gave its name to the fortifications known as the Lines of Torres Vedras.
		Below is a white scroll with the words CIDADE DE TORRES VEDRAS (Torres Vedras city).
		The resident population in the city of Torres Vedras (20,099 inhabitants in the two urban clienteles) represents about 25% of the population of the concelho.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Torres_Vedras (246 words)

	Portugal Travel Guide
		Nestling on the south-western edge of Serra de Montejunto, Torres Vedras was a royal residence from the mid-13th to the early 16th century.
		Previously inhabited by Celts, Visigoths, Romans and the Moors, the town is best known for its light, refreshing wines and the Lines of Torres Vedras, a network of fortified defences built by the Duke of Wellington in 1809 to repel Napoleon's troops during the Peninsula War.
		At Varatojo, 4 km west of Torres Vedras, the old convent of Santo António is worth seeing for its Gothic cloister and sacristy lined with 17th-century azulejo glazed tiles.
	www.portugaltravelguide.com /en/torres_vedras.htm (263 words)

	Amazon.ca: The Lines of Torres Vedras 1809-11: Books: Ian Fletcher,Bill Younghusband (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		The Lines of Torres Vedras 1809-1811 begins with a short introduction and chronology, followed by short sections on the design and development of the lines, Wellington's method of defense, the forts, life in the lines, aftermath and the lines today.
		As Fletcher describes, most of the forts of the lines of Torres Vedras were built of dirt earthworks, some with stone walls, on top of very advantageous terrain.
		Thus, the Lines of Torres Vedras have always seemed very formidable because operational circumstances were so unfavorable for the French from the start.
	www.amazon.ca /Lines-Torres-Vedras-1809-11/dp/1841765767 (1090 words)

	Accommodation Portugal
		In the 19th century, during the Napoleonic invasions, Torres Vedras had a very important role, because it was the scene of the beginning of the retreat of the French army and Napoleon`s loss of hegemony in Europe.
		In fact, the building of the "Lines of Torres Vedras", a series of military fortifications lined up around Lisbon, was successful in its aim of preventing the French troops from advancing on Lisbon, and forced them to retreat.
		It has strong traditions in Torres Vedras, and is known as the most Portuguese in Portugal, because it maintains the allegorical parades and processions of decorated floats, gigantones (giant carnival figures) and zés-pereiras (carnival rhythms), without yielding to foreign influences.
	www.portimar.pt /alojamento.php?lang=en&rg=clisboa&cid=torresvedras (286 words)

	LIGHTING ACADEMY
		The Castle of Torres Vedras is the site of the International Lighting Design Workshop to be held from May 21 to 27.
		The aim of the workshop is to develop a lighting design concept for the Torres Vedras' Castle, which might be further implement by the Torres Vedras' Council.
		Both the workshop and the seminar are organized in conjunction with City Council of Torres Vedras.
	www.lightingacademy.org /news.php?pcode=0000000196 (312 words)

	IH Torres Vedras's Profile - International House World Organisation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Torres Vedras is situated in the heart of a beautiful wine-producing region 37miles north of Lisbon.
		The region of Torres Vedras has a population of 50,000 and is within easy reach of Lisbon by rail, bus and motorway.
		The school, which opened in July 1990, is situated in the old centre of Torres Vedras in a quiet street.
	www.ihworld.com /recruitment/affiliate_profile.asp?affid=61 (517 words)

	Fortress - The Lines of Torres Vedras 1809–10 (Fortress 7)
		During the lull in hostilities caused by the Cintra negotiations, Wellington took the opportunity of riding round the hills around Torres Vedras, and, with his usual expert eye for ground, made extensive observations on how the hills to the north of Lisbon leant themselves superbly to the defence of the capital.
		They were, in the words of Fortescue, the historian of the British Army, ‘nothing so much as a gigantic mountain-torrent instantaneously converted into solid earth.’ The hills formed two main lines, with a third covering an area close to the Tagus to the west of Lisbon where any re-embarkation might have to take place.
		The first line stretched from Alhandra on the Tagus, west to Sobral, to Torres Vedras and the mouth of the River Zizandre, whilst the more southerly extended again from Alhandra to Mafra and on to Ribamar on the Atlantic.
	www.ospreyfortress.com /ft7_extract.htm (769 words)

	Fortress - The Lines of Torres Vedras 1809-10
		By the evening of 9 October the British and Portuguese began to withdraw behind a line of defensive works that had been built to the north of Lisbon.
		These were not the rudimentary field works that the French anticipated, but an enormous network of forts, batteries and redoubts whose construction had been started the previous November - the Lines of Torres Vedras.
		This 30-mile-wide line utilised the area's natural defences, damming rivers, scarping hillsides, blocking roads and establishing forts upon almost all of the hills.
	www.ospreyfortress.com /ft7.htm (125 words)

	Accommodation Portugal hotels vacations Torres Vedras
		Located in the trading center of Torres Vedras city and established in 1988, Hotel Império Jardim is enriched by its surroundings, giving the guests the chance to enjoy the beauty of this town's main garden.
		Pastelaria Império is one of the oldest Pastry Shops in Torres Vedras, being a reference to countless tourists that visit the region.
		Pastelaria Império is chosen by illustrious inhabitants of Torres Vedras as a meeting point where it is possible to enjoy the tastiest cakes and sweets made with wisdom and experience acquired during the last 30 years.
	www.imperio-online.com /hotel-eng/index.html (352 words)

	TORRES VEDRAS - Online Information article about TORRES VEDRAS
		TORRES VEDRAS - Online Information article about TORRES VEDRAS
		Torres Vedras is built on the See also:
		Here were the noted fortifications known as the " lines of Torres Vedras," constructed by See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /TOO_TUM/TORRES_VEDRAS.html (224 words)

	Lines2/97 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		The 'Museu Municipal de Torres Vedras' has an excellent topographical model which shows the terrain as well as the positioning of the Lines.
		The Duke of Wellington created a similar stronghold using field fortifications outside Lisbon in 1810; his Lines of Torres Vedras held firm under an aggressive French siege.
		By 1810 Portugal was mobilized, and Wellington's Anglo-Portuguese army finally turned back Andre MASSENA's French army at Torres Vedras on the outskirts of Lisbon in October.
	www.ihtorresvedras.com /Newsletter/Lines2_97/lines2_97.html (1735 words)

	The Peninsular War \| The Lines of Torres Vedras
		From its commanding position outside the town of Torres Vedras it guarded the main road south from Leiria to Lisbon.
		Between November 1809 and September 1810, the Lines of Torres Vedras were crafted out of two successive ridges of hills by local labour working under the supervision of British engineers.
		Major William Warre's letter of 20th October 1810 describing the Lines of Torres Vedras.
	www.peninsularwar.org /ltv.htm (436 words)

	[v*c] Portugal > Lisbon Coast > Lisbon > Torres Vedras
		Nowadays a lively center with a fine commerce, the history of Torres Vedras made it known for the fortified defenses that the duke of Wellington built in order to stop the troops of Napoleon during the French invasion (they became known as the Lines of Torres).
		But the most famous event in Torres Vedras is undoubtedly its Carnival which attracts thousands of visitors each year and is considered "the most portuguese of Portugal".
		Sentinel Belvedere (Sintra): The Miradouro da Vigia is situated in the middle of the Serra de Sintra, near S...
	viajar.clix.pt /en/dst3182.php?lg=en (521 words)

	Torres Vedras
		Image of the Castle at Torres Vedras from an original by Portuguese_eyes
		The town, on the left bank of the River Sisandro, is well known for the Lines of Torres Vedras which, in 1810, played a decisive role in the defence of Lisbon against Napoleonic troops under the command of Marchal Massena.
		Situeted only 10m away from the beach, 2km from the Termal Spings of Vimeiro, 5km from Santa Cruz, 15km from the Torres Vedras.
	www.portugalholidaydestinations.co.uk /villas/2006/06/torres_vedras.shtml (455 words)

	Podengos Vedras (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		“Vedras” is a familiar amateur breeder in Torres Vedras, a small town near Lisbon in Portugal.
		The word “Vedras” came from my city name, meaning “Antique” in Latin.
		"VEDRAS" kennel name is recognized by the Portuguese Kennel Club and the Federation Cynologique Internationale, FCI.
	sapp.telepac.pt /podengos.vedras/vedras.html (289 words)

	IAAF International Association of Athletics Federations - IAAF.org - News
		Kilel and Kosgei are victorious in Torres Vedras
		In the men’s race, Kilel, who also won here last year and was 8th at the 2003 World Cross Country Championships, took control right from the beginning, despite the opposition given by two other Kenyan athletes: Raymond Yator (26:44) and Barnabas Kosgei (27:04), who respectively finished in 2nd and 3rd places.
		Overall, in Torres Vedras about 1200 athletes (young, senior and veteran categories) competed, on what is a hard and undulating circuit.
	www.iaaf.org /news/Kind=2/newsId=23581.html (465 words)

	Car hire Torres Vedras car hire airport Torres Vedras car rental Torres Vedras Cheap Car Hire
		If you want to book a car hire in Torres Vedras, choose your destination, complete the application form (without obligation) and Firstcarhire.com will send you the best offer in car hire in Torres Vedras.
		It is so simple to reserve a car hire in Torres Vedras, learn more about the important city in Portugal, its habitants, its places of interest and its gastronomy.
		We are collaborating with the most important and multi national companies in the sector of car hire in Torres Vedras, at all important airports and the most popular touristic spots world wide.
	www.firstcarhire.com /country-guide/portugal/torres-vedras (484 words)

	Lines of Torres Vedras : Portugal : Wellington's Defenses : The Napoleonic Guide :
		Built in secret by the British to protect Lisbon from land-based attack, the lines of Torres Vedras stretched from the Atlantic coast to the banks of the impassable Tagus River.
		It took 10,000 labourers a year to complete and cost some 100,000 pounds.
		More than 25,000 troops, mainly militia, garrisoned the lines and signal stations on dominant mountain tops meant a message could be transmitted from one end of the positions to the other in under seven minutes.
	www.napoleonguide.com /torres.htm (137 words)

	Torres Vedras Municipality (Portugal) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Page about the municipal flag and coat of arms of Torres Vedras at Sérgio Horta’s website (in Portuguese).
		Page about Torres Vedras at the Portuguese Municipalities’s Association website (incl.
		Gules, a castle argent, flagged and roofed of the same, litten fl, under an eschuteon of Portugal ancien between two stars argent.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/pt-tvd.html (114 words)

	Page Title (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		The best way to get to Torres Vedras from Lisbon, is by express bus.
		At this station you can get off and catch a bus to Torres Vedras.
		Take note: the last bus to Torres Vedras from Lisbon is at 11:20 pm during the week, 9:30pm on weekends.
	www3.sympatico.ca /craig.galbraith/Lisbon-Torres.htm (273 words)

	flag of Torres Vedras Municipality (Portugal) flags, Fahnen, Flaggen, FOTW bei Nationalflaggen.de (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		flag of Torres Vedras Municipality (Portugal) flags, Fahnen, Flaggen, FOTW bei Nationalflaggen.de
		Plain (monocolored) portuguese subnational flags are not allowed to have armless variations: plain flags always carry the coat of arms.
		Torres Vedras is located in the Lisbon District, old province of Estremadura, covering 406 km
	www.nationalflaggen.de /flags-of-the-world/flags/pt-tvd.html (97 words)

	Getting to Torres by Car (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		When you arrive in Lisbon, you should buy a Lisbon Map, like the one included here, as well as a larger area map that includes Lisbon and Torres Vedras.
		The problem lies in that there are a lot of destinations in any given direction, and one never knows what town will be mentioned.
		For example, if you are heading North, A8 Northbound may be indicated as A8 Porto, A8 Torres Vedras, A8 Loures, or A8 Odivelas, because all of these town are North of Lisbon.
	www3.sympatico.ca /craig.galbraith/Getting_to_Torres_by_Car.html (357 words)

	Torres Vedras Hotels: Hotels in Torres Vedras recommended by Hotels Abroad
		Europe » Portugal » PORTUGAL » Torres Vedras:
		Tell a Friend about these Hotels in Torres Vedras.
		Torres Vedras is a central location from which to visit the medieval town of Obidos (27 kms.
	www.hotelsabroad.co.uk /b2433.shtml (87 words)

	Torres Vedras (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Courses lead to the University of Cambridge Proficiency in English Examination.
		* IH Torres Vedras is the sub-centre in the South of Portugal for the CELS examinations.
		IH Torres Vedras teaches English to children in several private primary schools as well as in local ATLs.
	international-house.com /torres.htm (142 words)

	DigiUtopikA Lda. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		During the 29th and 30th of May took place, at Torres Vedras (Portugal), the «II Jornadas Internacionais - “O Bombeiro no resgate”».
		About 500 inscriptions plus around one hundred guests and journalists have participated in the work sessions, and demonstrations for new equipments and techniques for victims rescue.
		The presentations and demonstrations were made at Torres Vedras Fire Fighters premises and was supported by several national and international experts and organisations such as fire fighters, military, companies, sports associations and other individuals.
	www.utopika.net /utopika/EN/?idmenu=27&idnoticia=32 (191 words)

	IAAF International Association of Athletics Federations - IAAF.org - News
		Oeiras, Portugal - Five-time Olympian Fernanda Ribeiro of Portugal, the 1995 World and 1996 Olympic 10,000m gold medallist was the queen of the 23rd Torres Vedras International Cross Country - EAA permit - race, which took place this morning.
		Ribeiro, 35, showed she was in good shape from the start of the race and eventually finished the 5.2km race with a comfortable win.
		At first, three athletes managed to keep up with her, two Kenyans Irene Kwambai and Catherine Kirui, and Fernanda’s compatriot Mónica Rosa, a local runner.
	www.iaaf.org /news/Kind=2/newsId=27907.html (563 words)

	Torres & Velazquez ( - ) Artwork Images, Exhibitions, Reviews
		J.Clarke, Torres vedras from the North West, 1809
		Leopoldo Torres Aguero, Paisoje de Talamoujuna, 20th century
		Clark, Torres Vedras From The North West., 19th century
	www.wwar.com /masters/t/torres_&_velazquez.html (636 words)

	Torres Vedras, Portugal
		The ancient town of Torres Vedras, on the left bank of the Rio Sizandro, is about 60km/37mi north of Lisbon.
		It has a place in British military history as the base for Wellington's Torres Vedras Lines, fortified to defend Lisbon during the Peninsular War.
		Unauthorized duplication in part or whole without prior written consent prohibited by law.
	www.planetware.com /portugal/torres-vedras-p-lisb-tv.htm (91 words)

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