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Topic: Tosk Albanian

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	Albanian language, alphabets and pronunciation
		Originally the Tosk dialect was written with the Greek alphabet, while the Gheg dialect was written with the Latin alphabet.
		The Latin alphabet for Albanian was standardised in 1909, and a unified literary version of Albanian, based on the Tosk dialect, was established in 1972.
		Albanian has also been written with two other scripts: Elbasan and Beitha Kukju, local inventions which appeared during the 18th and 19th centuries but were not widely used.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/albanian.htm (332 words)

	Albanian Information Center - albanian flag
		Tosk is the dialect spoken by most members of the large albanian tourist attractions Albanian immigrant communities albanian money that have recently arrived in these two countries, and in smaller Albanian communities in Ukraine, Turkey, Egypt, and United States.
		Gheg (or Geg) is spoken in translate english to albanian northern Albania and by the Albanians albanian surnames of Serbia and Montenegro (Southern Montenegro and Southern Serbia), the UN protectorate of Kosovo, albanian last currency as well as those of the Republic of Macedonia.
		The albanian basketball Congress on the Orthography of Albanian, held in 1972 with the additional participation of delegates from albanian history the Yugoslav territories of Kosovo, Macedonia and Montenegro and Calabria (Italy), established albanian personals a unified literary language.
	www.scipeeps.com /Sci-Official_Languages_A_-_C/Albanian.html (1326 words)

	Albanian Language Encyclopedia Article @ 216.92.11.26 () (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Albanian was proven to be an Indo-European language in 1854 by the German philologist Franz Bopp.
		Tosk dialects called Arbërísht are spoken by the Arbëreshë, descendants of 15th and 16th century immigrants in southeastern Italy, in small communities in the provinces of Sicily, Calabria, Basilicata, Campania, Molise, Abruzzi, and Puglia.
		Albanian nouns are inflected by gender (masculine, feminine and neuter) and number (singular and plural).
	216.92.11.26 /encyclopedia/Albanian_language (1843 words)

	Albanian
		Tosk is spoken in southern and central Albania, in Italy, Greece and in small communities of Albanian immigrants in Ukraine, Turkey, Egypt, and the United States.
		Albanian (Tosk) is the official language of Albania.
		In general, the grammar of Albanian is similar to that of Modern Greek and the Romance languages, especially of Romanian.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/february/albanian.html (630 words)

	Albanian language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Albanian was proved to be an Indo-European language in the 1850s that is thought by some to principally from the Illyrian languages spoken in the region two millennia and forms part of no known wider within the Indo-European family.
		Tosk is spoken in southern central Albania by the Arbëreshë of Italy among the Albanian minority Greece : the Çam and the Arvanites and in small communities of Albanian in Ukraine Turkey Egypt and United States.
		Albanian in the Tosk dialect is the language of Albania.
	www.freeglossary.com /Albanian_language (981 words)

	Tosk Albanian - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tosk is the southern dialect of Albanian language.
		The line of demarcation between Tosk and Gheg (the northern dialect) is the Shkumbin River.
		Tosk has been the basis of the standard Albanian language.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tosk_language (65 words)

	Talk:Albanian language Archive 1 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Albanian is Satem,[ Satëm means "your momma" in albanian] meaning it pertains to the Eastern branch of Indo European, centum being the western one.
		The Albanian language represents the only survival language of its own branch in the Indo-European languages, you intend without awareness of the Albanian language to make other's to deem otherwise that Toska and Ghega are Ausbausprache, like Danish and Norwegian, that's inaccurate, when infact the Toska and Ghega are two principal dialects of Albanian language.
		Gheg and Tosk are considered dialects of the same Albanian language only because their speakers choose to belong to the same nation, not because Gheg and Tosk are actually mutually intelligible or particularly similar in a purely objective linguistic sense.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Albanian_language_Archive_1 (8588 words)

	Home > Piedmont, CA, California Yellow Pages, Classifieds, Real Estate, Business, Schools, Library and Jobs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Albanian was proved to be an Indo-European language in 1854 by the German philologist Franz Bopp.
		Albanian is spoken by about 6 million people mainly in Albania and Kosovo but also in many other countries, including the Republic of Macedonia, Belgium, Egypt, Germany, Greece, Italy, Sweden, Turkey (Europe), Ukraine, the UK and USA.
		Albanian in a revised form of the Tosk dialect is the official language of the Republic of Albania.
	www.piedmontcaus.com /topic/Albanian_language (2497 words)

	UCLA Language Materials Project Language Profiles Page
		Standard Albanian or Gjuha Shqipe, is the official language of Albania and is spoken by 3,202,000 in the country (including bilingual Gheg) or 98% of the population (1989).
		The two Albanian dialects spoken in Italy and Greece are of the Tosk variety, and are partially intelligible to this dialect as spoken in the extreme south of Albania.
		Following a public debate, the draft on âOrthography Rules of the Albanian Languageâ of 1967 was submitted for discussion to the Congress on orthography of the Albanian language held in Tirana in 1972.
	www.lmp.ucla.edu /Profile.aspx?LangID=36&menu=004 (1435 words)

	CountryMenu
		The Albanian language is considered to be the only language derived from the extinct language of the Illyrians, the transition from Illyrian to Albanian apparently occurring between the 4th and 6th centuries AD.
		Toskë is spoken in southern Albania, as roughly separated from the north by the Shkumbin River, in Greece and in the language enclaves in Sicily and Calabria.
		All of the Albanian dialects spoken in the Italian (nearly 50 scattered villages), Sicilian (Piana degli Albanesi) and Greek enclaves are of the Tosk variety, and seem to be related most closely to a dialect in the extreme south of Albania.
	members.fortunecity.co.uk /victorcauchi/languages1.htm (2560 words)

	Albania - Printer-friendly - ninemsn Encarta
		The Albanians are divided into two main branches: the Ghegs and the Tosks.
		The border between the two groups is roughly formed by the River Shkumbi, the Ghegs occupying the area to the north and the Tosks occupying the area to the south.
		Gheg Albanian, said to be unintelligible with Tosk, is the next most widely spoken language (with 300,000 mother-tongue speakers).
	au.encarta.msn.com /text_761561564___7/Albania.html (552 words)

	Osmanlı Tarihi Kültürü Medeniyeti Edebiyatı Sanatı
		The related languages spoken in Italian and Greek enclaves have a common origin with Tosk and appear to be related most closely to the dialect of Ã‡amÃ«ria in the extreme south of Albania.
		There are two principal dialects, the Tosk and the Gheg which are mutually intelligible depending on the level of speakers' literacy and proficiency in standard Albanian.
		Languages sharing a common origin with Tosk are spoken by the ArbÃ«reshÃ« of Italy and among the Arvanites of Greece.
	www.osmanlimedeniyeti.com /wiki/Albanian_language_.html (1020 words)

	Albanian Language - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Albanian (Tosk is the official dialect; Gheg is spoken primarily in the north), Greek
		Albanian Language, Indo-European language spoken in Albania, parts of Serbia, Montenegro, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM), Bulgaria,...
		During most of the more than 400 years of Ottoman rule, the Albanian language and culture were suppressed.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Albanian_Language.html (122 words)

	Dialectial Creation in Albanian
		Also, if an Albanian desired to obtain positions in which they would be employed by the state, or to be in positions of respect it was required of them to both speak and write using the standard form of Albanian, which is based on the Tosk dialect.
		The Tosk dialect was chosen by Enver Hoxha who was the leader of the communist party when standardization was implemented.
		This causes an alliteration from Tosk to Geg which given the first example is possible but with the second example very unlikely so the cause must be assimilation with the Macedonian roots that are similar in meaning but not form.
	www.albaniantranslators.com /dialect.html (2195 words)

	Ethnologue report for language code:als
		Reported to be inherently unintelligible with Gheg Albanian and partially intelligible with Arvanitika Albanian of Greece.
		Tosk has been the basis of the official language for Standard Albanian since 1952.
		In Greece, Tosk is called Arvanitika, Greek for 'Albanian'.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=als (104 words)

	Winne.com - Report on Kosovo, Faces up to the challenges of the future
		Albanian is an Indo-European language spoken by about 6,400,000 inhabitants of the eastern Adriatic coast in Albania and neighbouring country's principally in Kosovo and Macedonia.
		Albanian Language has two principal dialects, Gheg in the north and Tosk in the south, regions which are separated roughly by the Shkumbin River.
		Therefore the Gheg dialect is spoken in northern Albania, Kosovo, southern Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia, and in the Croatian coast of Dalmatia.
	www.winne.com /kosovo/bf07.html (499 words)

	A
		Albanian shows no obvious close affinity to any other Indo-European language and it is plainly the sole modern survivor of its own subgroup.
		The morphology of Albanian is relatively complex, especially in the verbal sphere, with two aspects, eight tenses and six modes.
		Albanian or its earlier kin could easily be the source for at least some of these, yet the study of such regional features in the Balkans has now become a classic case for research on the phenomena of linguistic diffusion.
	members.fortunecity.com /victorcauchi/a/albanian.htm (1015 words)

	Languages: Albanian (Tosk is the official dialect), Greek - www.ezboard.com
		Albanian (ISO 639 codes alb/sqi, sq) is an Indo-European language spoken by some five million inhabitants of the western Balkan peninsula in the south-eastern Europe (Albanians).
		There are two principal dialects of limited mutual intelligibility: Tosk, spoken in southern and central Albania and among the Albanian minority of north-western Greece; and Gheg (or Geg), spoken in northern Albania and by the Albanians of Serbia and Montenegro (including the province of Kosovo) as well as those of the Republic of Macedonia.
		Albanian is thought by some to derive principally from the Illyrian languages spoken in the region two millennia ago, and forms part of no known wider sub-group within the Indo-European family.
	pub18.ezboard.com /fbalkansfrm53.showMessage?topicID=61.topic (916 words)

	[No title]
		Albanian is an Indo-European language directly descended from Illyrian.
		Albanians could practice religion freely until the Communist era when the country’s many mosques, monasteries, and churches suffered damage and destruction under the government’s antireligion policy.
		Albanian values their families and their ethnic heritage, Personal honor is also important.
	members.tripod.com /prolink/index.html (383 words)

	Pimsleur Albanian - Compact Language Program
		Albanian is written in the Roman alphabet rather than the Cyrillic, and over the centuries it has acquired a large number of words from its geographical neighbors, i.e.
		Albanian has two main, distinct, dialects: the Tosk dialect predominates in the southern part of Albania, while the other, called Gheg, has the greater presence in the north.
		The native speakers on the Pimsleur tapes speak a clear, easily understood Tosk Albanian, which is considered the official language of Albania.
	www.pluralitylanguage.com /languages/pimsleur/albanian/albanian.htm (270 words)

	Wordgumbo: Albanian
		With about three million speakers, Albanian is the last remaining member of the Illyrian branch of Indo-European.
		It is spoken in Albania, and the Kosovo region of Yugoslavia.
		Albanian uses the Roman alphabet (except w) with the addition of ç and ë (which represents the phoneme /ə/).
	www.wordgumbo.com /ie/alb/index.htm (231 words)

	@ ALBoZONE - Articles - "Northern Epirus" Between Propaganda and Myth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Albanian southern dialect -- the Tosk -- with some of its basic phonetic features, was already in place, as it is witnessed by the phonetic evolution of some place names known to have been employed since the late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages.
		In fact, the Albanian main dialectal division is rather old, and in their most antique lexical strata both Albanian dialects do not show any significant difference regarding the phonetic treatment of old and Medieval Greek loans.
		One might ask how it is possible that the evident Albanian character of modern southern Albania is being systematically denied by a bunch of visionaries, fanatics, renegades, provocateurs and spies, objectively isolated in their claims, but still successful in seeking and often obtaining the support of public opinion in Greece.
	home1.gte.net /vze7b2yg/id239.html (3504 words)

	Background Notes: Albania 09/96
		Yugoslav communists were instrumental in establishing the Albanian communist party in November 1941, and the NLF regime became a virtual satellite of Yugoslavia until the Tito-Stalin split in 1948.
		Albanian court verdicts are rendered by a college of three judges; there is no jury trial, though the college is sometimes referred to in the Albanian press as the "jury".
		Albanians have done a great deal to assure the minority's rights, but more could be done, particularly in the area of education.
	www.umsl.edu /services/govdocs/backgroundnotes/54.htm (2522 words)

	UPG News
		The Albanians are believed to be descendants of the Illyrians, who were the original inhabitants of the western Balkan Peninsula.
		The Albanians are divided into two major groups, the Gheg and the Tosk, according to which Albanian dialect they speak.
		In the 1950's it was decided that the Tosk dialect would be used in all Albanian publications, since it was the one most widely spoken in Albania.
	www.cogwm.org /upg/profiles_oct05.cfm (798 words)

	Overview of the Albanian Language to Help You Learn Albanian
		Albanian is the official language of Albania, where it is spoken by approximately four million native speakers.
		There are two main dialects of Albanian: Gheg, which is spoken north of the Shkumbin river, and Tosk, which is spoken south of the Shkumbin river.
		The Tosk dialect of Albanian is considered the official language of Albania.
	www.transparent.com /languagepages/albanian/overview.htm (648 words)

	Greek Writing System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Although at all times the main use of the Greek alphabet has been the writing of the Greek language (in its various forms), there are also some interesting cases where a largely unmodified Greek alphabet has been used within the Greek, or the Orthodox, culture area, to write non-Greek languages.
		The primary writing systems of the southern variety of Albanian, Tosk, were long based on Greek.
		The 1908 Monastir congress finally standardized a Latin orthography for both Tosk and Gheg Albanian.
	www.writingsystems.net /systems/greek/languages.htm (696 words)

	Albanian - Language Directory
		Albanian is the only modern representative of a distinct branch of the Indo-European language family.
		Gheg (or Geg) is spoken in northern Albania and by the Albanians of Serbia and Montenegro (including the province of Kosovo) as well as those of the Republic of Macedonia.
		A mailing list dedicated to the distribution of news and information related to Albania, Kosova, the Albanian populated regions in FYR of Macedonia and Montenegro, as well as the Albanian diaspora world-wide.
	language-directory.50webs.com /languages/albanian.htm (470 words)

	Albania travel guide - Wikitravel
		Be aware that some Albanians write prices with an extra zero; they are not trying to charge you 10 times the going rate, merely using the old currency.
		The Albanian cuisine is influenced a lot by the Italian and Turkish ones.
		The Albanians are very hospitable, much as were their ancient forefathers, the Ilyrians.
	wikitravel.org /en/Albania (1117 words)

	English to Albanian Translations
		Albanian is the official language of the Republic of Albania.
		This form of Albanian is not intelligible with Tosk Albanian.
		Tosk Albanian is the official form of Albania and has formed the basis of standard Albanian since 1952.
	www.kwintessential.co.uk /translation/to/albanian.html (285 words)

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